Jointer Plane Drawing 30,Gel Coat Stain Colors Recipe,Wood Belt Sanding Machine University,Rc Jet Planes For Beginners University - Reviews
Almost all machine tool spindles, and many power tool spindles, have a taper as their primary method of attachment for tools. Even on many drill presses , handheld drills , and lathes, which have chucks such as a drill chuck or collet chuck , the chuck is attached by a taper.
On drills, drill presses, and milling machines , the male member is the tool shank or toolholder shank, and the female socket is integral with the spindle. On lathes , the male may belong to the tool or to the spindle; spindle noses may have male tapers, female tapers, or both. Machine tool operators must be able to install or remove tool bits quickly and easily.
A lathe , for example, has a rotating spindle in its headstock, to which one may want to mount a spur drive or work in a collet. Another example is a drill press , to which an operator may want to mount a bit directly, or using a drill chuck. Virtually all milling machines , from the oldest manual machines up to the most modern CNC machines, utilize tooling that is piloted on a tapered surface. The machine taper is a simple, low-cost, highly repeatable , and versatile tool mounting system.
It provides indexability , as tools can be quickly changed but are precisely located both concentrically and axially by the taper. It also allows high power transmission across the interface, which is needed for milling. Machine tapers can be grouped into self-holding and self-releasing classes. With self-holding tapers, the male and female wedge together and bind to each other to the extent that the forces of drilling can be resisted without a drawbar, and the tool will stay in the spindle when idle.
It is driven out with a wedge when a tool change is needed. Morse and Jacobs tapers are an example of the self-holding variety. With self-releasing tapers, the male will not stick in the female without a drawbar holding it there.
However, with good drawbar force, it is very solidly immobile. For light loads such as encountered by a lathe tailstock or a drill press , tools with self-holding tapers are simply slipped onto or into the spindle; the pressure of the spindle against the workpiece drives the tapered shank tightly into the tapered hole.
The friction across the entire surface area of the interface provides a large amount of torque transmission, so that splines or keys are not required. The drawbar is then tightened, drawing the shank firmly into the spindle.
The draw-bar is important on milling machines as the transverse force component would otherwise cause the tool to wobble out of the taper. All machine tapers are sensitive to chips , nicks dents , and dirt. They will not locate accurately, and the self-holding variety will not hold reliably, if such problems interfere with the seating of the male into the female with firm contact over the whole conical surface.
Machinists are trained on keeping tapers clean and handling them in ways that prevent them from being nicked by other tools. CNC tool-changing cycles usually include a compressed-air blast while one toolholder is being swapped with the next. The air blast tends to blow away chips that might otherwise end up interfering between the toolholder and spindle. Tools with a tapered shank are inserted into a matching tapered socket and pushed or twisted into place.
They are then retained by friction. In some cases, the friction fit needs to be made stronger, as with the use of a drawbar , essentially a long bolt that holds the tool into the socket with more force than is possible by other means. Caution needs to be exercised in the usual drilling machine or lathe situation, which provides no drawbar to pull the taper into engagement, if a tool is used requiring a high torque but providing little axial resistance.
An example would be the use of a large diameter drill to slightly enlarge an existing hole. In this situation, there may be considerable rotary loading. In contrast, the cutting action will require very little thrust or feed force. Thrust helps to keep the taper seated and provides essential frictional coupling. The tang is not engineered to withstand twisting forces which are sufficient to cause the taper to slip, and will frequently break off in this situation.
This will allow the tool to spin in the female taper, which is likely to damage it. Morse taper reamers are available to alleviate minor damage. Tapered shanks "stick" in a socket best when both the shank and the socket are clean. Shanks can be wiped clean, but sockets, being deep and inaccessible, are best cleaned with a specialized taper cleaning tool which is inserted, twisted, and removed. Tapered shank tools are removed from a socket using different approaches, depending on the design of the socket.
In drill presses and similar tools, the tool is removed by inserting a wedge shaped block of metal called a "drift" into a rectangular shaped cross hole through the socket and tapping it. As the cross section of the drift gets larger when the drift is driven further in, the result is that the drift, bearing against the foremost edge of the tang, pushes the tool out.
In many lathe tailstocks , the tool is removed by fully withdrawing the quill into the tailstock, which brings the tool up against the end of the leadscrew or an internal stud, separating the taper and releasing the tool. Where the tool is retained by a drawbar, as in some mill spindles, the drawbar is partially unthreaded with a wrench and then tapped with a hammer, which separates the taper, at which point the tool can be further unthreaded and removed.
Some mill spindles have a captive drawbar which ejects the tool when actively unscrewed past the loose stage; these do not require tapping. For simple sockets with open access to the back end, a drift punch is inserted axially from behind and the tool tapped out. The standards are grouped into families that may include different sizes.
The taper within a family may or may not be consistent. There are adaptors available to allow the use of one type of taper tooling, e. Morse, on a machine with a different taper, e. R8 or vice versa, and simpler adaptors consisting of an externally and internally tapered sleeve to allow a small Morse tool to be used in a machine of larger bore. One of the first uses of tapers was to mount drill bits directly to machine tools, such as in the tailstock of a lathe, although later drill chucks were developed that held parallel shank drill bits.
Like the Morse, these have a series of sizes, from 1 to 18, with 7, 9 and 11 being the most common. Actual taper on these lies within a narrow range close to. The Jacobs Taper abbreviated JT is commonly used to secure drill press chucks to an arbor.
The taper angles are not consistent varying from 1. Jarno tapers use a greatly simplified scheme. The rate of taper is on diameter, in other words 0. Tapers range from a Number 2 to a Number The diameter of the big end in inches is always the taper size divided by 8, the small end is always the taper size divided by 10 and the length is the taper size divided by 2.
For example, a Jarno 7 measures 0. The small end measures 0. The system was invented by Oscar J. The Morse taper was developed by Stephen A. Morse , based in New Bedford, Massachusetts, in the mids.
It is one of the most widely used types, and is particularly common on the shank of taper-shank twist drills and machine reamers, in the spindles of industrial drill presses, and in the tailstocks of lathes. The taper angle of the Morse taper varies somewhat with size but is typically 1. Some modular orthopedic total hip implants use a Morse taper to mate components together.
Often the designation is abbreviated as MT followed by a digit, for example a Morse taper number 4 would be MT4. Stub short versions, the same taper angle but a little over half the usual length, are occasionally encountered for the whole number sizes from 1 through 5. There are standards for these, which among other things are sometimes used in lathe head stocks to preserve a larger spindle through-hole.
Self-holding tapers rely on a heavy preponderance of axial load over radial load to transmit high torques. Problems may arise using large drills Jointer Plane Drawing 500 in relation to the shank, if the pilot hole is too large. The threaded style is essential for any sideloading, particularly milling.
The only exception is that such unfavourable situations can be simulated to remove a jammed shank. Permitting chatter will help release the grip. The acute narrow taper angle can result in such jamming with heavy axial loads, or over long periods.
End-milling cutters with a Morse taper shank with a tang are occasionally seen: for security these must be used with a C-collar or similar, fitting into the neck between cutter and shank, and pulling back against the large end of the taper.
Each taper in the B-series is effectively the small or large end of a Morse taper:. The National Machine Tool Builders Association now called the Association for Manufacturing Technology defined a steep taper that is commonly used on milling machines.
The taper is 3. NMTB is a "self releasing" or "fast" taper. Variances and Exemptions Bloodborne Pathogen BBP Job Safety Analysis Guide. Job Safety Analysis Worksheet. Human Factors. Bioenvironmental Engineering BE Responsibilities. Special Requirements Hazards and Human Factors Manual Handling. Lifting and Carrying. Minimizing Manual Material Handling Hazards. Proper Lifting Methods. How to Lift Properly.
Carrying Methods. Carrying Items Up or Down Stairways Inspection of Materials. Other Safety Requirements. Floors and Walking Surfaces. Scraps and Combustible Waste Combustible Materials. Packing Supplies and Recycled Materials. Electric Buffing Machines. Walls and Ceilings. Stacking Materials. Lighting Fixtures Industrial Areas. Snow and Ice. Housekeeping Checklist General Requirements Exits and Exit Markings.
Fire Protection and Prevention Checklist. Fixed Industrial Stairs and Ramps. Fixed Ladders. Portable Ladders. Ramp Installation Dimension. Ladders Workload Ratings. General Information. Flexible Cords and Extension Cords Guarding of Live Parts. Equipment Grounding Electrical Installations and Equipment. Additional Electrical Equipment Requirements. Electronic Equipment. Emergency Equipment Electrical Safety Moisture Guarding.
Undervoltage Protection. Control Switches. Work on Energized Equipment. Electrical Safety Checklist. Finger Rings Other Jewelry.
Jewelry in Industrial Areas. Jewelry Checklist. Basic Office Safety Procedures. Office Ergonomics. Lifting Requirements. General Office Equipment. Pest Control Training on Office Tasks and Equipment. Office Safety Checklist. Weather Safety Checklist Hazards and Human Factors. Tool Procurement.
Non-powered Hand Tools. Powered Portable Hand Tools. Specific Requirements. Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment. Protection From Falls Fall Protection Equipment. Minimum Required Horizontal Distance. Rescue Plan. Additional Rescue Guidance Fall Protection Checklist. Rubber Insulating Equipment Voltage Requirements. Landscape and Grounds Maintenance. Reel Mower Rotary Mower.
Commercial Reel Mower. Commercial Rotary Mower. Agricultural Tractor, Two Wheel Drive. Agricultural Tractor, Four Wheel Drive. Agricultural Tractor, Tracked. Tree and Hedge Trimming. Fertilizers, Herbicides and Insecticides. Irrigation Systems. Mobile Elevating Work Platforms Checklist. Tube and Coupler Scaffolds Tubular Welded Frame Scaffolds.
Masons Adjustable Multiple-point Suspension Scaffolds. Single-Point Adjustable Suspension Scaffolds. Boatswains Chairs. Carpenters Bracket Scaffolds. Bricklayers Square Scaffolds Horse Scaffolds. Needle Beam Scaffolds.
Plasterers, Decorators and Large Area Scaffolds Interior Hung Scaffolds. Ladder-Jack Scaffolds Window-Jack Scaffolds. Roofing Brackets. Crawling Boards or Chicken Ladders.
Float or Ship Scaffolds. Scaffold Grade Planking. Insulated Lines. Uninsulated Lines. Tube and Coupler Scaffolds Light Duty. Tube and Coupler Scaffolds Medium Duty.
Tube and Coupler Scaffolds Heavy Duty. Outrigger Scaffolds. Ladder-Type Platforms. Scaffolding Checklist. Woodworking Machinery. Metal Working Machinery Permanently Installed Grinding Machines OSHA Standards. Tapping Locations on Ring Test. Flange Installation Types 16, 17, 18, 18R and 19 Cone and Plug Wheels. Cylindrical Grinder Guard Exposure Angles.
Top Grinding Guard Exposure Angles. Machinery Checklist. OSHA Requirements. Control Valve and Actuating Mechanism Alarms and Lights. Maintenance and Testing. Water Supply. Eyewash Bottle. Hand-Held Drench Hose Permanent. Activating Mechanisms. Multiple-Spray Shower and Eyewash. Emergency Shower and Eyewash Units Checklist. Piping Materials. Worker Training. Classification of Material in Piping Systems.
Legend and Color Band Dimensions. Examples of Legend. Classification of Hazards of Materials and Designation of Colors Specific Information. LOTO Procedures. LOTO Training. LOTO Program AF Form , Danger Tag. AF Form , Caution Tag. Hazardous Energy Control Specific Applications. Small Gasoline Engine Powered Equipment. Storage in Inside Rooms.
Indoor Container Storage. Indoor Portable Tank Storage. Outdoor Container Storage. Outdoor Portable Tank Storage. Maximum Allowable Quantities per Control Area. Classifications of Flammable and Combustible Liquids. Flammable and Combustible Checklist. Confined Spaces ClassificationAtmospheric Conditions. Emergency and Rescue Procedures. Contractor Requirements.
Instructions for Completing the AF Form , Confined Spaces Checklist. Additional PPE Requirements. Aircraft Parking Requirements. Adverse Weather Conditions. Adverse Weather High Wind Safeguards. Towing and Taxiing Aircraft. Swept Wing Aircraft Hazard. Aircraft Jacking Operations. Aircraft Engine Operations.
Jet Aircraft Requirements. Aircraft Cleaning. Aircraft Tire Mounting and Servicing Operations. Flight Line Vehicle Operations Aircraft Hangar Operations Fall Protection Requirements Safety in Flight Line Contractor Operations. Supervisory Responsibilities Occupational Health. Fire Prevention Compressed Air. Jacks and Portable Hoists Shoring and Trenching Barricades and Traffic Signs Equipment Operations and Pavements Carpentry and Structural Maintenance.
Protective Coating Maintenance. Plumbing Maintenance. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Maintenance. Water and Wastewater Treatment Civil Engineering Checklist.
Agricultural Tractors and Implement Attachments Checklist. Operating Precautions. Welding Equipment Precautions Installed Equipment. Training and Qualification. Gas Leaks Welding Safety. Purging and Inert. Vehicle Maintenance Shops Portable Gas Welding Units Portable Electric Welding Units.
Resistance Welding Welding in Confined Spaces Welding, Cutting and Brazing Checklist. Fire Prevention and Protection Ventilation Systems. Storage and Handling Paint Spray Booths Compressed Air Paint Spraying.
Drying Ovens. Spray Painting of Aircraft. Painting Radio and Radar Equipment. Electrostatic Paint Spraying. Airless Paint Spraying. Aerosol Cans of Spray Paint. Powder Coating Organic Peroxide Coating. Interior Spray Finishing Checklist. General Requirements for Use of Tags. Specific Requirements For Use of Tags. Guidance for Completing Reverse Side of Danger Sign.
Warning Sign. Caution Sign. Directional Signs Instruction and Identification Signs. Standard Biological Hazard Symbol. AF Form , Notice of Hazard.
Standard Proportions for Danger Signs. Standard Proportions for Caution Signs. Standard Proportions for Instruction and Identification Signs Standard Proportions for Directional Signs. Examples of Color Applications. Examples of Wording for Mishap Prevention Signs. Mishap Prevention Signs and Tags Checklist. Specific Hazards. General Safety Practices. Safety Equipment and Devices. Tools and Equipment.
High Voltage. Rubber Insulating Floor Matting. Aerial Work. Antenna Supports Towers and Poles. Repairs and Adjustments. Power Distribution Panels Radar and Microwave Equipment. Entering Manholes and Unvented Vaults. Special Purpose Vehicles. Location of Trailer. Night Warning Arrangements of Warning Signs. Night Warning Use of Floodlights. Fire Protection and Prevention General Safety Hazardous Materials Storage and Handling Cleaning With Solvents.
Paint Shop. Air Compressors. Compressed Gas Cylinders. Lifting Devices. Wheel and Tire Maintenance. Maintenance Operations.
Cylinder Data for Commonly Used Gases Using Extension Hose to Inflate a Tire. Tire Inflator Cage Trajectory for Rim and Tire Fragments. Motor Vehicles Operation and Maintenance Checklist. Specific Responsibilities.
Hazardous Waste Disposal. Special Mishap Considerations. Composite Materials Checklist. Supervisor Responsibilities Radioactive Material Safety. Special Requirements. Powered Industrial Trucks. Manual Hoisting and Pulling Devices. Mobile and Locomotive Cranes. Inspection, Maintenance and Testing of Derricks.
Related Hoisting Equipment. Approved Safety Pallet. High-Lift Truck Low-Lift Truck. Motorized Hand Truck Industrial Tractor. Motorized Hand or Rider Truck. Reach Trucks. Side-Loader Truck. Order Picker Truck, High Lift. Truck, Straddle, Carry. Truck, Hand, Platform, 4-Wheel Crane Truck, Warehouse, Electric. Crane Truck, Warehouse, Gasoline.
Sling Configuration With Angled Legs. Basic Synthetic Web Sling Configuration. Hook Inspection Areas Proper Method of Installing Cable Clips. Double Base Clamp. Joining Wire Ropes. Dead-Ending Rope in a Socket. Always read the widest diameter. Wire Rope Wear and Damage. Hook Showing Block Interface Shank. Synthetic Web Slings. If manufacturers recommendations are not available.
Materials Handling Equipment Checklist. Specific Hazards Specific Requirements Fuel Storage Systems Fuel Servicing Operations Fuel Laboratory Operations Safety Instructions for Fuels Laboratories To be posted in all installation fuels laboratories. Safety Guide For Hydrocarbon Fuels. Hydrocarbon Fuels Checklist Desktop and Laptop Computers and Related Equipment.
Eyewash and Emergency Shower Units Fire Safety and Emergency Requirements. Electronic Flash Equipment Photography of Research Materials. Disposal of Photographic Chemicals. Multimedia Operations Checklist. Facility Requirements. Supervisors Responsibilities.
Laundries and Dry Cleaning Operations Checklist Specific Care and Use. Disposal and Shipping. Requalification of Cylinders Examples of Typical Cylinder Parts and Markings. Examples of Typical Cylinder Hand Trucks Compressed Gases Checklist. Lodging Facilities. Lodging Checklist. NDI Specific Requirements. Generating Plant Flow. Cryogenic Facility Siting. Electrical Safety. Receipt, Storage and Issue of LN Mission-limiting Weather Conditions Liquid Nitrogen LN Walking, Working Surfaces, Aisles and Passageways Machine Layout.
Food Service Operations Checklist. Training Systems Requirements. Motion Base Side View Motion Base Top View. Sprinkler System Piping Side View Sprinkler System Piping Top View Training Systems Checklist.
Associated and Corollary Guidance Documents. OSHA dictates what must be accomplished in the workplace, but not necessarily how it will be accomplished, or by whom. Commanders are responsible for the safety of their facilities and personnel, including the correction of all hazards and deficiencies in their workplaces. This instruction assigns responsibilities to individuals or functions to help Commanders manage their safety and health programs, ensuring they comply with OSHA and Air Force guidance.
Refer to paragraph 1. How to Use This Document. References to other Air Force publications, OSHA standards and national safety consensus standards are provided as appropriate. This instruction is intended for use by installation occupational safety officials, commanders, functional managers, supervisors and workers at all levels, including Air Force civilians.
The information in this instruction is derived from many sources and includes non- Air Force and Air Force directives in a single document for protection of workers and compliance with Federal law. Note 1: This instruction does not include state employees. Note 2: This instruction may contain criteria that are not fully compatible with host-nation safety criteria.
T-1 1. Applying Standards. All Air Force units must comply with applicable safety guidance during all Air Force operations. When there is conflicting guidance, use the guidance that provides the most protection. The determination of whether or not something contained within this AFI is vertical or horizontal is not always easy.
There are occupational safety and health OSH mandates contained within one chapter of this AFI which could be interpreted as vertical; however, because safety rules are established based upon hazards and not just tasks, the mandate may, in fact, be applied horizontally across several disciplines.
Example: Confined spaces requirements in Chapter 23 primarily a General Industry application, it may also apply to applicable portions of an Air Force construction project or aircraft maintenance task. For this reason, broad guidance cannot be codified to address situations.
If there is doubt as to whether a requirement is horizontal or vertical, contact your local safety office for guidance, and, when possible, resolve locally using risk management techniques focused on the hazard and hazard mitigation. AFOSH guidance must be followed at all times.
In addition, safety, fire prevention and occupational health requirements in equipment technical orders TOs must be followed at all times. T-1 Area-specific instructions and technical data include other safety criteria.
When AFOSH guidance or safety criteria does not cover a situation, then use non-Air Force standards to include, but not limited to, national consensus standards, professional safety and health standards, and other Federal agency standards.
Refer to AFI for additional information. Air Force Safety Center and higher headquarters and installations safety offices may establish more stringent requirements than those established by OSHA. In those instances, a statement indicating who to contact is included. This paragraph describes specific responsibilities to ensure the safety of facilities and personnel.
Air Staff. All Air Staff elements shall ensure policies and procedures are consistent with the guidance of this instruction. Formulate and execute policy. Clarify roles, responsibilities and guidance applicable to all areas of safety.
Act as approval authority for safety variances. Provide program oversight and supplement safety and health guidance, as necessary. Ensure safety training is available to subordinate units. Commanders, Functional Managers and Supervisors shall: 1.
Ensure and promote applicable occupational safety and health OSH guidance for workplace and operations is available to all personnel. Ensure and promote compliance with occupational safety, fire prevention and health program requirements in their areas of responsibility. Ensure AFOSH program requirements are part of subordinate employees performance measurement in all activities.
T-3 1. T-2 Also, commanders, functional managers and supervisors at OCONUS locations shall ensure applicable host-nation safety guidance is available. T-2 Note: Electronic or paper products are acceptable.
Provide a safe and healthful workplace by conducting monthly spot-inspections for hazards or deficiencies. Provide employees necessary personal protective equipment PPE and ensure compliance with program requirements. Supervisors must recognize potential mishap factors in the workplace. Supervisors shall: 1. Ensure safe working conditions by: T-1 1.
Providing proper required PPE. Ensuring required guards, interlocks, enclosures, other protective equipment and tools are provided, used, properly maintained and inspected daily prior to use. As hazards are identified, the supervisor shall include this information as part of the initial employee safety briefing required by the prescribing directive for JSAs AFI T-1 Training or retraining may be required when a JSA is conducted.
Planned workloads will be assigned to qualified employees ensuring they understand the work to be completed along with the potential hazards and abatement for those hazards. Take immediate action to correct any violation of safety rules observed or reported to them. Air Force Personnel military and civilian shall: 1. Comply with OSH guidance.
Promptly report injuries and illnesses to the supervisor, i. Comply with PPE requirements, including its use, inspection and care; ensure required guards, interlocks and enclosures are properly used. Give due consideration to personal safety and the safety of fellow workers while performing assigned tasks. Comply with required medical surveillance examinations. JSAs are conducted on all work processes, where appropriate, to identify potential hazards, determine appropriate PPE and include preventative measures in procedures to mitigate the hazards.
The JSA shall involve BE to avoid duplication of effort and to ensure proper awareness of process changes. T-1 Refer to Figures 1. Note: A JSA is not required when existing guidance adequately covers all safety requirements of an operation or process. Each work center shall conduct and document JSAs where appropriate. T-1 JSAs are most effective when developed collectively by all affected workers.
JSAs shall include the following data: 1. Work procedure evaluation, to include the following elements: 1. Basic steps of work task. Potential hazards with each step of the work task. Appropriate PPE required for work task. Preventative measures to mitigate the hazards. Recommended safe task procedures. Training shall include discussion on work task steps, potential hazards, controls, any PPE requirements identified in BE and safety surveys and preventative measures to mitigate work task hazards.
T-1 At a minimum, training should emphasize these requirements and shall include: 1. When PPE is necessary. How to put on, take off, adjust and wear PPE. Limitations of PPE.
Care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of PPE. An opportunity for each employee to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of training, as well as an ability to properly use PPE hands-on training prior to work. Retraining is required when: 1.
Employee exhibits a lack of understanding or skill with the required work task, hazards involved with the work task or PPE. Changes in the workplace render previous training inadequate or obsolete.
Changes in the types of PPE used render previous training inadequate or obsolete. Supervisor shall verify affected employees have received and understand required training through written certification that contains: T-1 1. Name of each employee trained. Dates of training. Subject of certification. The term includes within the scope of the Department of Defense workplaces and operations comparable to those of industry in the private sector such as: Vessel, aircraft, and vehicle repair, overhaul, and modification except for equipment trials ; construction; supply services; civil engineering or public works; medical services; and office work.
The installation or wing commander, or their subordinate group commanders who oversee the workplace, operation, equipment or system in question, will employ the guidance in this instruction, DoDI T-1 Procedures will be codified via technical orders, job guides, operations orders, a JSA or some other means to address residual hazards and alternative protective measures. The term nonmilitary-unique refers to military and civilian workplaces, operations, equipment and systems that are generally comparable to those of the private sector.
Examples include facilities involved and work performed in the repair and overhaul of weapons, aircraft or vehicles except for equipment trials ; construction; supply services; civil engineer or public works; medical services; and office work. Select committees of federal, industrial and private sector personnel develop these standards under the sponsorship of one of the national standards-setting organizations.
T-1 The safety program within medical facilities and operations shall also meet NFPA Codes and Standards, pertinent federal regulations and adopted national consensus standards. A qualified person is one who has been designated by the commander or designated representative in writing and by reason of training, experience or instruction has demonstrated the ability to perform duties at a required level of competence.
The qualified person shall be trained to recognize hazards of an operation and evaluate those anticipated hazards. T-0 The definition of a qualified person may vary depending on discipline. However, the prerequisites required to become a qualified person rest with the supervisor and shall be documented in appropriate training records. With expanding use of automated systems for tracking these activities, requiring specific paper forms may impede use of more efficient automated processes.
Therefore, use of automated systems for documenting inspections, maintenance and other activities is acceptable in place of specified AFTO Forms 95 and or other appropriate inspection, maintenance and general purpose forms.
Electronic signatures or other unique personal identifiers not initials are acceptable. Please check the prescribing directive s before discontinuing use of any forms.
Note: Disciplines governed by technical data, shall see applicable TO or technical manual for form documentation. Variances and Exemptions. The affected work center shall process a request for variance or exemption when it is impossible to meet AFOSH guidance due to operational needs, mission impact or technical reasons.
Variances are temporary and are granted with the understanding that permanent control measures are planned and will be in place within a time period not to exceed five years. Exemptions grant permanent relief from a requirement and can be approved when the applicant can substantiate their proposed methods, equipment or facilities protect the worker as well or better than the AFOSH guidance or OSHA standards.
Note: A units inability to fund corrective action does not constitute sufficient justification to request a variance or exemption. The installation Occupational Safety office, with assistance from the affected work center, will assemble a thorough and detailed staff package with the following attributes.
Clearly defines the safety-related variance or exemption being requested, i. A description and risk assessment of permanent control measures planned, date they will be in place, plus identify interim control measures used to protect personnel, equipment or property, or used to mitigate the risk or hazard.
Identifies the number of personnel exposed and protected by interim control measures relative to the operation or condition on a regular basis, and any major items of Air Force property involved. A Job Safety Analysis JSA will be conducted on all work processes, where appropriate, to identify potential hazards, preventative measures in procedures to mitigate the hazards and proper personal protective equipment PPE , if required.
In the case of a variance request, spell out a way ahead to resolve the problem, or a description of why it is believed the problem cannot be resolved. In the case of an exemption request, spell out how the proposed methods, equipment or facilities protect the worker as well as or better than the AFOSH guidance.
Proposes a plan to remedy the problem. Includes drawings, photographs, maps, etc. Installation safety office will then forward the request to the appropriate MAJCOM safety office through appropriate command channels.
The appropriate agency will review the request for merit and adherence to the requirements stipulated in Step 3. The OSM will distribute copies of variances and exemptions to the appropriate fire, health and functional managers, as needed. Functional managers must inform and train affected employees personnel and employee representatives on approved variances, exemptions, or any special procedures required. This training will be documented.
Copies of the variance or exemption will be posted in affected work areas until integrated in the JST guide. T-0 Initial first aid and CPR training shall be accomplished with 30 days after an individual is assigned. T-1 Whether by the local Medical Group, the American Red Cross or other appropriate organization, CPR training shall be provided for unit instructors, who, in turn, will train unit personnel.
T-1 If CPR training is not provided by the host medical facility, instructor training shall be obtained from an approved source, i. Any person with routine duties where tasks and procedures involve reasonably anticipated exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials e. T-0 However, the mere fact that a person has received training e.
For workplaces with employees that meet this job description, supervisors are required to establish a written exposure control plan and conduct training IAW 29 CFR T-0 Figure 1. Sequence of Basic Steps. Break the task down into its basic steps. For example, what is done first, what is done next, etc. You can do this by: 1 observing the task, 2 discussing it with workers, 3 using your experience and knowledge of the task or 4 a combination of all three.
Record task steps in the task in their normal order of occurrence. Describe what is done; not the details or how it is done.
Three or four words are normally enough to describe each task step. Potential Mishap Causes or Hazards. For each task step, ask yourself what mishap could happen to workers performing the task and what the probability would be of the mishap occurring. Ask the questions: F1. Can workers be struck by or contacted by anything?
Can they strike against or be exposed to any item that can cause injury? Can they be caught in or between anything? Can they fall? Can they overexert themselves? Are they required to do repetitive lifting or heavy lifting? Are there potential hazards such as chemical substances, physical agents including noise, ergonomic and thermal stress , ionizing and non-ionizing radiation or biological exposures?
Recommended Safe Task Procedure. For each potential mishap cause or hazard identified, consider the following questions: F1. How should workers perform the task step to avoid a mishap or eliminate the potential hazard? What can be done to eliminate or mitigate the hazard by redesigning the work area or equipment?
How can the procedure be modified to eliminate the hazard? Note: Be sure to describe in detail the precautions workers must take and ensure that these steps are placed in the task. Take special care to ensure important steps or details are not inadvertently omitted from the task and that guidance is clear, specific and easily understood by workers.
Also, the JSA shall include the requirements in paragraph 1. Human factors are not just about humans. It is about how features of peoples tools, tasks and working environment systemically influence human performance.
|
Selecting Wood For Turning Data Adirondack Folding Chair Plan Yield |
BREAST
16.08.2020 at 10:42:43
ZaLiM
16.08.2020 at 22:32:52
FILANKES
16.08.2020 at 18:20:31
blaze
16.08.2020 at 15:21:30
KAYFUSA
16.08.2020 at 21:40:59