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Most finish carpenters are aware that seasonal changes in humidity cause trim and flooring to shrink in the winter and expand in the summer. But few realize that the expected movement can be accurately predicted and dust management woodworking formula problems avoided. Wood is hygroscopic, which means its MC will fluctuate based on the relative humidity Woofworking of the surrounding air.

As humidity increases, the MC increases, and the wood expands, and as the humidity decreases, MC decreases, dust management woodworking formula the wood shrinks. The moisture content of wood is tied directly to the relative humidity of the surrounding air. The higher the relative humidity, the higher the MC of the wood. The EMC helps us understand the response wood will have to relative humidity, whether it will shrink or expand.

The simplified chart to the right shows the EMC values of wood when stored at the humidity and temperatures indicated. If the MC of the wood you install is too high, excessive shrinkage may occur, along with the risk of problems of unacceptable gaps and cracks in the wood itself.

When the MC is too low, the wood may expand, and may buckle, bow, and distort surrounding material. Wood Grain Note: Click any image to enlarge. The only duzt to accurately predict wood movement is to know the MC of the material when you receive it. Moisture content is measured using a moisture meter.

Failure to check your delivered material means you have no chance of anticipating movement problems. Furthermore, material that measures outside of the acceptable MC level should be rejected. Homes in most of the U. This change in MC will cause a in. When material is installed that was delivered at an unacceptable MC, or the humidity range in the structure exceeds typical values, the amount of wood movement increases—and can cause problems even in well-designed trim details.

Wood movement depends in part on the species. A in. The dust management woodworking formula for calculating wood movement is complex and extremely accurate, but tedious. These values are based on flat sawn lumber, and offer a general idea of anticipated annual in-service movement. Simply enter the high and low MC values and the width and species of the board.

Material finished on all surfaces will expand or contract at a slower rate than raw wood, but make no mistake—finished wood will eventually acclimate to EMC levels. There are many events that can contribute to dust management woodworking formula wood movement issues. The moment the wood is delivered, it begins to acclimate to the surrounding environment.

Think through your trim details and consider how they will react when the wider assemblies shrink. With wide glued-up material, slightly higher MC levels may not be acceptable. This is seldom an issue for interior trim, but can be a real issue for exterior trim.

This swelling of the material can cause significant problems in situations where installation creates accumulated movement more on this below. See the humidity moisture content chart at the beginning of this article. If MC is too high, lower readings can be achieved by moving the material into a heated area.

The amount dust management woodworking formula depend dust management woodworking formula the temperature and humidity of the storage area. Spacing the material so all surfaces are exposed to the air dust management woodworking formula, as does good air circulation throughout the pile.

Higher temperatures result in a more rapid change in MC when the humidity remains constant roughly speaking, moisture moves dust management woodworking formula as quickly for every increase in temperature of 20 degrees. And despite what you may think, moisture gain or loss does not stop when temperatures fall below freezing. The moisture in wood is chemically bound in the walls of the wood cells dust management woodworking formula cannot freeze.

If you are storing finish material on-site during these periods, be sure to keep them wrapped in a vapor impermeable material like plastic with as few gaps as dust management woodworking formula. Wood stored in this manner will not pick up any appreciable Woodworking Dust Collection Parts 5g moisture.

Interior trim should not be installed until the temporary construction humidity has subsided. In managemennt environments, consider using cabinet grade plywood for wide panel application instead of solid wood.

Letting your material acclimate to the high MC levels before installing is one approach, but keep in mind that if there is ever a period where the pool is drained for a significant time, and the humidity drops to typical levels, the trim material will experience severe shrinkage.

A carefully-worded disclaimer regarding wood movement would seem to be in order. Glued-up solid wood panels behave as though they were one wide board—a in. See photo, right. In cases of excessive shrinkage, unacceptable gaps can result between each floorboard. Experienced door hangers know that fromula paneled passage door with a tight reveal will shrink in the dust management woodworking formula and possibly stick in the summer.

Remember, if you live in California, the winters may be more dust management woodworking formula than the summers! Knowing the MC at the time of installation provides fomula needed guidance. And keep in mind that the door panels managekent dust management woodworking formula example will shrink significantly after installation. See photo, left This is particularly noticeable when a light wood is stained dark. By measuring the MC of the door stiles, you can base your door gap on established movement values, not guesswork, and avoid callbacks when the fit becomes a problem.

The detail below is one method used for cabinet batten doors that successfully allows for seasonal dust management woodworking formula movement.

The miter joint will always fail when the panel expands and contracts. Instead, use a breadboard nosing design so that the wide panel can shrink or swell without destroying the surrounding joinery. See below. When installing trim that covers an inside corner, fasten the trim through the corner and into the substrate so the adjoining finish material can move independently as its MC changes.

A typical example is base shoe molding. The second choice is to fasten the baseshoe to the baseboard. A wide managemfnt, on the other hand, moves more woodworling a 6-in.

The moisture in wood is chemically bound in the walls of the wood cells and cannot freeze, and expansion and contraction continues at below freezing temperatures. Wood does acclimate more slowly at lower temperatures. For all practical purposes, thermal expansion and contraction of wood is not an issue. That said, warmer temperatures speed the exchange of moisture within the wood. Moisture exchange will happen more rapidly at warmer temperatures, but there is no thermal movement of wood worth measuring.

But all kiln-dried material will acclimate to the dust management woodworking formula EMC levels. But most importantly, owning and using a moisture meter and knowing the dust management woodworking formula EMCs is an inexpensive way for carpenters to predict and avoid wood movement problems that could require costly repairs.

Carl Woodeorking is a partner in Woodwebthe leading online resource for professional woodworking. He has an extensive background in residential construction and architectural woodworking. Gene Wengert —having taken an woofworking in woodworking since 7th grade shop classes—was employed by the US Forest Products Lab as a college student starting in He worked in solar lumber drying, as well as discoloration of wood due to UV light.

He then worked on the weathering of wood with the Lab and received a BS degree in meteorology from the University of Wisconsin. He continued to work on moisture related issues and developed expertise in processing northern and Rocky Mountain aspen, going from environmental benefits manabement the species through sawing, drying, and marketing. Aspen is splinterless, did you know? He worked at Virginia Tech as a wood specialist for the extension service, consulting with the wood industry daily.

For fun, Gene has taken up long-distance bicycle riding at age 55 and has done two trips from the Pacific woodwrking Atlantic Ocean and three from the Gulf to Minneapolis. Good article, I have not seen the panel kerfing detail before, interesting. Looks a bit fragile to handle during assembly, but interesting none the less. If that is the soodworking, are all species the same across the board when comparing their capacities to dust management woodworking formula bound water?

Or, would it occur at different levels depending on woodworkin capacity Woodworking Dust Collection System Journal of each specie to hold free water? This is a great article. One issue I have seen is that when a house is built very fast the concrete will put a lot of moisture in the air.

This will cause the wood work to swell after it is installed. It takes concrete a month to release all the water out of it. Good article Carl! A couple of comments: What you call edgegrain or VG vertical grain lumber dust management woodworking formula usually called and sold as quartersawn, at least in hardwood. There is no question that Portable Dust Collection Woodworking it is much more mxnagement than plainsawn what you cal flatgrain or tangential.

In my area, for at least years in high end work, flooring is installed against baseboard without shoe molding. The base is installed first, and the flooring is installed scribed dust management woodworking formula to it. In spite of what your lazy or ignorant flooring guy says, there is no gap, even after dust management woodworking formula of fluctuating humidity, and repeated sanding or scraping.

You are right about each piece expanding dust management woodworking formula a unit and not forula cumulative across an entire surface. If it was cumulative the boards near the walls would break loose from their fasteners. We are located in the Valley of the sun.

There fore we are shipping furniture from an arrid environment to a moist one. The particular job I have a question about will be shipped from our factory in phoenix to Dust Collection Bags Woodworking 900 Sedona, AZ.

We are building a number of pieces out of solid woods and wondering dust management woodworking formula maple moves less than poplar or alder wood.

Now we know. I am currently drying out my house due to water damage. Is it possible that dust management woodworking formula can dust management woodworking formula over dried?

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