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woodworking-tools-uk-for-sale-070 Under section 5. Depending on the placement of the reel, these mowers often cannot cut grass very close to lawn obstacles. Visible smoke from the exhaust of a diesel engine may be an indicator of the need for tuning or servicing as follows:. Policy R5. Combustible dusts have varying limits of flammability.

Please try another search. Search Category clear search Category Sorry, no results were found for 'Search text here'. Search Brand clear search Brand Sorry, no results were found for 'Search text here'. Featured Lots. No Image. Lot Leonard 1.

Close details. Please review and confirm your bid. Lot details. Current bid:. Opening bid:. Your current max bid:. Your new max bid:. Total max bid:. Buy it now. Buy it now price:. As your Max bid is at least equal to the Buy it now price, you can immediately purchase the lot. New bid:. Bidding ends:. Bidding has ended on this item. You have been outbid. The numeric value of If when dealing with measurements at NTP then it is necessary to calculate the molar volume of air for a temperature and pressure other than NTP and substitute this calculation for Methods for calculating molar volumes can be found in standard occupational hygiene reference books such as those listed in OHS Guideline G5.

Purpose of guideline This guideline explains that welding fumes are of variable composition and provides information on substances that may be present. It also discusses the sources of information on welding fumes and how to determine applicable exposure limits. The term "welding" includes thermal cutting and allied processes such as brazing.

Welding fume composition Establishing a worker's exposure to hazardous substances in welding fumes is not a simple matter since this depends on the material being welded as well as the process and electrodes used. Welding fumes may contain fluoride, and metals or oxides of metals such as aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, hexavalent chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver, tin, titanium, vanadium and zinc.

Apart from welding fumes, hazardous levels of gases, including carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, or ozone may also be present during welding. In addition, there may be a risk of asphyxiation when shielding gases such as argon are used, particularly in an enclosed or confined space.

Decomposition products such as phosgene can form when coatings or residues on or near the object being welded are heated. Sources of information on welding fumes To determine the potential level of exposure to welding fumes, a systematic review of the base metal, electrode, and type of process is required.

The safety data sheets SDS or other applicable information sources should be used to identify hazardous ingredients and expected products of reaction and decomposition. Information on electrodes, the metal s being welded or cut, and the specific type of welding process should also be identified. Exposure limits Once the information on possible types of exposure has been determined, the Table of Exposure Limits for Chemical and Biological Substances should be consulted for the applicable exposure limit s.

The employer must comply with the exposure limit for each of the individual constituents in the welding fume. An additive exposure limit as established in section 5. Note that sections They are included in the Table of Exposure Limits for Chemical and Biological Substances and indicated with an asterisk.

For the purposes of Policy Item R5. Purpose of guideline The term "nuisance dust" has been used for years to describe a group of dusts with similar effects on people. Nuisance dusts are insoluble or poorly soluble in water and do not cause toxic effects on humans other than by inflammation of the respiratory tract or by accumulation of material in the lung lung overload.

Exposure limits for nuisance dusts involve additional terms such as "total dust," "respirable dust," and "Particles not otherwise classified PNOC. It also provides information on the exposure limits for PNOC and various nuisance dusts.

In addition, the guideline provides some technical information on a relatively new term that has begun to be used to describe dusts - "inhalable" particulate. Total and respirable dusts Historically, particulates in the air have been measured as "total dust. Dusts have also been measured as "respirable dusts," which refers to the portion of total dust that is capable of passing through the upper respiratory tract and then being deposited in the gas exchange area of the lung.

Examples include aluminum oxide, calcium sulfate, cellulose, emery, gypsum and Portland cement. These substances are flagged in the Table with an End Note N which explains that an exposure limit based on the respirable fraction also applies. PNOC may arise in various circumstances, for example, some roadwork operations, grinding acrylics and buffing nails. The concept of "inhalable dust," which has been developed by the ACGIH, refers to dusts that can be deposited anywhere in the respiratory tract.

Although it is similar to the concept of "total dust," it is considered to more accurately describe the range of particle sizes that are deposited. Substances that have been reviewed by the ACGIH, and for which exposure limits based on "inhalable" dust have been adopted by WorkSafeBC, include magnesium oxide, molybdenum metal and insolubles , and silicon carbide non-fibrous. A number of gases and vapours, such as acetylene, argon, and nitrogen, when present in high concentrations in air, act primarily as simple asphyxiants without other significant physiological effects.

A simple asphyxiant is a substance that can displace oxygen in the air, resulting in suffocation from lack of oxygen. The ACGIH does not assign a TLV, or exposure limit, because the limiting factor is the available oxygen in air, not the toxic nature of the substance itself. An oxygen-deficient atmosphere is defined in section 1.

Oxygen-deficient atmospheres do not provide adequate warning, and most asphyxiants are odourless. Note that several of the simple asphyxiants are highly flammable and can present explosion hazards, and under section 5. Also note that the requirements of sections 5. The following information outlines the protocol for officers in establishing compliance with this section, and is based largely on operating procedures practiced by WorkSafeBC prevention officers over the last years.

These follow recognized occupational hygiene principles. For further guidance on walkthrough surveys, exposure monitoring and evaluation of the exposure monitoring program, refer to OHS Guidelines G5. Officers will not normally perform sampling if the employer has an acceptable workplace monitoring program in place, indicating that exposures are within the applicable exposure limits.

In addition, officers will normally not sample for compliance purposes during temporary or emergency conditions, where exposures may be higher than normal. Officers may elect to conduct air sampling if they suspect that a problem exists and the employer has failed to conduct an exposure assessment or has an inadequate exposure-monitoring program. Additional circumstances under which an officer may be required to sample are outlined in OHS Guidelines G5.

Typically, the officer will select the worker or workers with the highest suspected exposures and conduct sampling during worst-case scenarios, such as during periods when activities or activity levels expected to result in the highest exposure are underway. If only one sample is collected, sampling and analytical error must be accounted for.

Use the coefficient of variation specified for the sampling method and follow the confidence limit guideline as described below. Contact the Occupational Disease Prevention Services section for information regarding the coefficient of variation for the analytical method of interest. Formulae for calculating the upper and lower confidence limits can be found in standard occupational hygiene references.

An officer may elect to sample on the employer's behalf or may require the employer to conduct the sampling under the provisions of section 5. Colourimetric indicator tubes are useful for assessing worker exposure. However, these devices are limited with regard to applicability, specificity, and accuracy. Their primary intention is for screening exposures and the user must be familiar with these critical limitations if proper judgments are to be made, particularly in the matter of assessing compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations. Adherence to a quality assurance plan is verified by testing samples obtained from the supplier. Contact the Occupational Disease Prevention Services section for further information. Indicator tubes can be used to measure non-compliance with either short-term exposure limits or ceiling limits. Readings from a short-term indicator tube should be compared to the appropriate short-term exposure limits in the Table of Exposure Limits for Chemical and Biological Substances such as a short-term exposure limit or a ceiling limit.

They should not be compared to 8-hour TWA limits. In addition, 8-hour time-weighted averages must not be calculated from results obtained using short-term indicator tubes. Long-term indicator tubes connected to a sampling pump may be used to determine 8-hour time-weighted averages. Purpose of guideline This guideline provides an explanation of the means to determine exposure limits for certain refined hydrocarbon solvent mixtures such as rubber solvent and VM ; P Naphtha.

Hydrocarbon solvents affect the central nervous system and can cause a variety of symptoms including dizziness, drowsiness, and eye and respiratory tract irritation.

Note: Due to the complexities inherent in the use and interpretation of the Reciprocal Calculation Procedure RCP , it will usually be necessary for an occupational hygiene professional to be involved in its application. Refined hydrocarbon solvents, such as Rubber Solvent and VM ; P Naphtha, are complex mixtures produced by the distillation of petroleum over a particular boiling range.

They consist of aliphatic alkane , cycloaliphatic cycloalkane , and aromatic hydrocarbons ranging from 5 to 15 carbon atoms in each molecule. The use of the mixture formula expressed in Regulation section 5.

Because there are very many possible combinations of the various alkane, cycloalkane, and aromatic mixtures, it is necessary to calculate an exposure limit for each combination rather than list all possible calculated exposure limits in the Table of Exposure Limits for Chemical and Biological Substances. The remainder of this guideline explains WorkSafeBC's adoption of this method and provides example calculations.

This method is applicable if the toxic effects of the individual chemical components are additive e. Substances in the Table of Exposure Limits e. Note: The RCP does not apply to benzene, n-hexane, or methylnaphthalene, which have individual ELs significantly less than the guidance values to which they would belong and have unique toxicological properties.

Whenever present in the mixture, these components should be measured individually. Guidance values have been developed by a number of researchers, groups, and regulatory authorities, based on the chemical and toxicological properties of various hydrocarbon groups e.

Note: Substances within each Hydrocarbon Group with exposure limits that are below their group Guidance Value e. The resulting calculated EL solvmix value should follow established recommendations regarding rounding. Example The safety data sheet SDS for a solvent showed the following percentages and chemical composition:. However, benzene must be evaluated separately at the current EL for benzene.

Limitations of the reciprocal calculation procedure Care in the use of the EL solvmix should be observed where the mixture in question is known to have significant toxicokinetic interactions of components that are manifested at or below the guidance values.

The guidance values apply only to vapours and do not apply to mists or aerosols. The calculation does not apply to mixtures containing olefins or other unsaturated compounds or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs.

Occupational exposure limits for hydrocarbon solvents. Special Report No. Brussels, Belgium Farmer TH: Occupational hygiene limits for hydrocarbon solvents. Annals of Occupational Hygiene J of Occ and Env Hygiene 2: Occupational Exposure Limits If a substance referred to under section 5. If the work period is more than 8 hours in a 24 hour day, the 8-hour TWA limit must be reduced by multiplying the TWA limit by the following factors:. Purpose of guideline The purpose of this guideline is to explain, and provide examples of the application of excursion limits in section 5.

Background Information Threshold Limit Values TLVs refer to airborne concentrations of chemical substances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, over a working lifetime, without adverse health effects.

The purpose of excursion limits is to ensure workers are not exposed to excessively high short bursts of hazardous substances which could cause acute health effects.

Excursion limits are based on the premise that the maximum excursion should be related to the variability generally observed in actual industrial processes.

Research has shown that if the variation of short-term exposure values is very high greater than three times the average , it is an indication that the process is not under good control. In order to be assured of satisfactory control of the industrial process and associated exposure values, a factor of three times the TWA is used. This ensures that only a small percentage of exposure values will exceed this value. If this excursion limit is exceeded, there is a high likelihood that further control measures are required.

Excursion limits apply only when neither a STEL nor ceiling value has otherwise been assigned to the substance. The principle of excursion limits applies in this case since there is only a TWA for this substance.

As per section 5. A worker exposed to a concentration of 0. This average value is less than 0. For example, a direct reading measurement of 0. The principle of excursion limits does not apply in this case because there is a STEL assigned for acetic acid.

The principle of excursion limits does not apply in this case because there is a ceiling limit assigned for chloroacetone. A worker is protected by setting a maximum permissible concentration in air, which must not be exceeded at any time during the work period.

The principle of excursion limits does not apply in this case because there is a STEL assigned for ethylene oxide. Although there is no ceiling limit for ethylene oxide, the STEL also provides significant protection against very short, momentary high bursts - these bursts must not raise the 15 minute average concentration to higher than the STEL and must be limited to no more than 4 such periods in an 8 hour work shift with at least one hour between any 2 successive 15 minute excursion periods.

For example, if a worker is exposed to airborne elemental mercury 8-hour TWA limit of 0. This worker must not be exposed to an average of more than 3 X 0. The worker must not be exposed to more than 5 X 0. Where the work period exceeds 8 hours in a hour day, the 8-hour TWA limit listed in the Table of Exposure Limits for Chemical and Biological Substances must be modified to ensure that workers on extended shifts are as equally protected as if they were working on conventional 8-hour shifts.

This section envisages several consecutive workdays with shifts longer than the normal 8-hour shift, not an occasional overtime shift. If exposure occurs as a single event lasting less than 8 hours during a work shift and there is a recovery period of at least 16 hours at work or otherwise before any further exposure, the reduction factor would not normally apply.

This section applies to all exposure limits, with the exception of excursion limits section 5. For effects to be considered additive, the substances must act upon the same target organ such as the kidneys or target organ system such as the respiratory system and have similar toxicological effects. Thus, substances with primarily acute effects would not be considered additive with substances which cause chronic effects, even if same organ or organ system was involved.

For example, although both silica and ammonia affect the lungs, they would not be considered additive because exposure to silica causes a chronic condition silicosis , while exposure to ammonia causes acute effects respiratory tract irritation.

Some examples of processes where additive effects need to be considered are welding, painting, and plastics manufacturing. Additive effects should also be taken into account for exposure to diesel exhaust. If it is not clear whether additive effects apply, one should consult an occupational hygienist.

If skin absorption may contribute to the overall exposure, effective measures must be taken to limit exposure by this route. The notation refers to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by skin absorption called the cutaneous route either by contact with vapours or, of probable greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance.

This includes contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes. Specific substances vehicles in solutions or mixtures can also significantly enhance potential skin absorption. Although some substances are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant by the ACGIH when assigning a "Skin" notation. However, a dermatological condition can significantly affect the potential for skin absorption.

The "Skin" notation is intended to alert the reader that air sampling alone is insufficient to quantify exposure accurately and that measures to prevent significant skin absorption should be considered. Purpose of guideline The purpose of this guideline is to outline that where a worker is or may be exposed to a hazardous substance, section 5.

Assessment process The process required under section 5. Workplace monitoring WorkSafeBC prevention officers may conduct sampling to determine compliance with both sections 5. Additional circumstances where a prevention officer may be required to conduct workplace monitoring include the following:.

A prevention officer may encounter situations where the employer has neither conducted a walkthrough survey nor performed sampling of contaminants, as required. In these circumstances, the prevention officer may elect to either assist the employer in conducting the survey or performing the sampling as part of an inspection or require the employer to conduct the survey or perform the sampling.

In deciding whether to assist the employer, the prevention officer may consider the following:. The manner in which compliance is assessed with each element of the progress is described in OHS Guidelines G5. An officer encountering an employer who has not conducted a walk-through survey at a workplace where, in the officer's opinion, workers may be exposed to a harmful substance, will require the employer to conduct the walk-through survey in accordance with this section.

If the employer conducts the walk-through survey and concludes that no worker may be at risk of overexposure to an airborne contaminant, and the officer accepts this conclusion as being reasonable, no further action will be necessary, unless there is a change in work conditions.

If, on the other hand, the employer finds a worker potentially at risk of overexposure to an airborne contaminant, air sampling must be considered, as required by section 5.

Depending on the outcome of the sampling, further action may be required under sections 5. Normally, the employer would select one or more workers for sampling, which should be those workers who are likely to be the most heavily exposed on a given day worst case conditions. Sampling results are then compared with exposure limits in section 5. If the assessment conducted under section 5. The officer will not normally conduct the additional monitoring.

The following is an acceptable process for carrying out the additional monitoring. Note : Officers should consider whether the employer has grouped workers with similar patterns of exposure together. Such grouping would normally be based on an examination of work processes, procedures, job descriptions, process schedules and weather conditions.

Groups of workers with similar patterns of exposure are referred to as "similarly exposed groups" or "homogeneous exposed groups". Workplace exposure monitoring and assessment must be conducted using occupational hygiene methods acceptable to the Board.

Purpose of guideline The purpose of this guideline is to provide information on the publications that detail occupational hygiene methods acceptable to WorkSafeBC. The guideline also explains how approval may be obtained to use methods that are not discussed in those publications. Acceptable occupational hygiene methods All elements of an assessment or monitoring program e. Occupational Exposure Sampling Strategy Manual.

Cincinnati, Ohio, or later editions. Recognition, Evaluation, and Control of Indoor Mold. In order to conduct workplace exposure monitoring for some new or revised exposure limits, it is necessary to use sampling devices that may not be stated within the accepted analytical methods.

Examples of these sampling devices include cyclones, Parallel Particle Impactors, inhalable samplers, inhalable fraction and vapour IFV sampling devices, and mixed phase denuder-filter samplers.

These samplers are acceptable provided that they are used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and have been validated in accordance with international consensus standards and practices for the intended purpose by the manufacturer and the laboratories who will conduct the analyses. Acceptable analytical methods include the requirement for the collection of field blanks.

The purpose of field blanks is to detect and identify any contamination from the sampling site or arising from the transportation of samples to the laboratory.

The number of field blanks required is usually referenced in the analytical method. If sampling is performed over several days, each day should be considered a separate set of samples. WorkSafeBC accepts that a certified industrial hygienist CIH , a registered occupational hygienist ROH , and a registered occupational hygiene technologist ROHT are trained and experienced to perform occupational hygiene sample collection and interpretation of results.

The rationale for the determination must be documented and presented to a WorkSafeBC prevention officer if requested. Where an exposure limit e. Where a section of the Regulation specifies use of specific test methodology, that section's specifications prevail. Before using occupational hygiene methods that are not discussed in references published by the organizations listed above or do not meet the other criteria in this guideline, the employer must obtain approval from the OHS Practice and Engineering Support department of WorkSafeBC.

For more information about how to submit an acceptance request under the Regulation , please refer to the Variance and Acceptances webpage. Purpose of guideline The purpose of this guideline is to discuss when an exposure control plan is required. This includes providing specific sections under the Regulation where an exposure control plan is required.

When an exposure control plan is required Section 5. The elements that must be incorporated into the exposure control plan are listed in section 5. If the employer has failed to conduct workplace monitoring under section 5. The determination of whether an exposure control plan is required will typically be made on the basis of the additional monitoring under section 5. The word "may" in clause a in section 5.

The levels of most common substances can be measured at the exposure limit. In such cases no exposure control plan is required. There are several other sections of the Regulation that require an exposure control plan. They are listed below. Sections of the Regulation requiring an exposure control plan ECP. The seven major elements that an exposure control plan must incorporate are listed in section 5.

The exposure control plan will normally be in writing so that all its elements can be recorded properly. If an exposure control plan is functioning effectively in a workplace, and the elements of the plan are not complex and require only limited record keeping, writing the plan may not be necessary. Similar considerations will determine the need for written work procedures under section 5.

Additional details regarding some of the specific elements of an exposure control plan are described in the following OHS Guidelines. When identifying and assessing risk, the requirements of sections 5. Continuous monitoring of the work area may also be required, when necessary, to ensure the continuing safety of workers. For example, section 6. For controlling risk, section 5.

The degree of risk will depend on the probability, the extent, and the possible consequences of exposure an injury or disease. Some of the factors that an employer should consider when performing a risk assessment are outlined in the table below. Purpose of guideline The purpose of this guideline is to clarify that the walk-through survey required under section 5.

Hygiene facilities and decontamination procedures Section 5. Certain sections of Parts 6 and 7 may also require hygiene facilities and decontamination procedures, such as for asbestos, lead, and biological agents designated as hazardous substances in section 5. Refer to the relevant OHS Guidelines for further assistance. A list of the sections in which an exposure control plan is called for is tabulated in OHS Guideline G5. The purpose of health monitoring is to protect workers from developing occupational disease by detecting biological indicators or adverse health effects at an early stage.

Action can then be taken to prevent, reverse, reduce the severity, or arrest the progression of the adverse health effect or disease. Biological Action Values BAV for biological indicators are established by the Board, based on current information and are reviewed periodically.

For further information, consult the occupational physicians of WorkSafeBC. The results of health monitoring are also useful in evaluating the effectiveness of the exposure control plan, particularly when it cannot be evaluated by exposure monitoring alone. This occurs when. The skin and gut could be significant routes of exposure if the skin is in direct contact with a contaminant or if the contaminant is ingested and absorbed into the gut.

Biological monitoring of a substance, its metabolite or its biological effect can be a component of health monitoring. An appropriate biological indicator is one that can be detected before disease or an adverse health effect occurs.

Preventive action can then be taken as required. Before undertaking biological monitoring, the following criteria regarding the biological test should be met. The test should. Substances for which WorkSafeBC considers health monitoring may be appropriate include, but are not limited to. Health monitoring does not necessarily entail sophisticated testing, requiring medical or nursing personnel.

Setting up a health monitoring system should be done by an occupational health physician or nurse, although its day-to-day functioning can often be managed by a qualified person, such as an occupational hygienist or health and safety manager.

For some substances, health monitoring may only require an early reporting system linked with periodic inquiries about signs and symptoms, self-checks such as examination of the skin for signs of sensitivity by a lay person such as a first aid attendant or supervisor.

When biological or biological effect monitoring is necessary, the services of appropriate medical, nursing or technical personnel may be required for ordering tests and taking samples.

A physician or nurse must interpret the results. Health, biological and biological effect monitoring should only be carried out with the informed consent of the worker. The individual should be advised of the purpose of the tests and biological samples should be analyzed only for the substances or effects for which consent has been obtained. Informed consent should ensure that the worker is made aware of any consequences that might occur if the results of the monitoring indicate that exposure should be reduced.

Personal results of health monitoring, as well as their interpretation, should be given to individual workers. Unless the worker's written informed consent for release is obtained, only categorical results such as a range of values rather than specific measurement values should be released to any person other than the individual or the worker's family physician. Both the worker and the employer should be advised about the worker's fitness to work, along with any work restrictions or recommended health and safety precautions.

Records concerning health, biological and biological effect monitoring should be kept and maintained in a form, which is easily linked to job and exposure records, while still observing the rules of confidentiality. Although this section does not stipulate the period of time that records must be retained, they should be kept as long as practicable. This is especially important for identifying and assessing work-related health changes associated with changes over time in work processes, practices or control measures, as well as for detecting occupational diseases with delayed onset.

In terms of confidentiality, standard guidelines and current accepted practice of regulatory bodies and recognized occupational health organizations should be followed. Employers, in conjunction with worker health and safety representatives and occupational health personnel, should develop written policy regarding confidentiality. This policy, as well as any monitoring records, should be reviewed periodically.

Purpose of guideline The purpose of this guideline is to specify when documentation is specifically required under certain sections. Documentation Section 5. Some examples include the following:. Documentation is also required under section 5. Purpose of guideline The purpose of this guideline is to clarify how Part 5 of the Regulation should be applied to control workers' exposure to the hazard of dust from drywall sanding operations.

It includes a sample exposure control plan to assist the drywall installation industry in meeting the requirements of section 5. Background Workers sanding drywall filler compounds are exposed to large amounts of fine dust. Depending on the supplier, drywall filler compounds contain calcite, gypsum, mica, kaolin, perlite, talc, and silica and may contain trace amounts of crystalline silica, a designated substance see section 5.

WorkSafeBC has evaluated the dust exposures typically experienced by drywall sanders in a variety of workplaces, from wood frame residential construction to concrete high-rise construction, during both pole-sanding and hand-sanding activities.

These results are consistent with research reports from other agencies. Workers' exposure to crystalline silica from drywall sanding was found to be typically at or below the detection limit for crystalline silica less than 0. Application of the Regulation Section 5. The following "hierarchy of controls" is listed with substitution as the most preferable option and personal protective equipment as the least preferable see OHS Guideline G5.

Substitution means replacing the substance of concern with a less harmful substance. For drywall filler compounds, crystalline silica would be the one substance of concern for elimination by substitution.

Substitution would mean finding a filler compound with no crystalline silica content. The presence of crystalline silica in filler compounds is the result of small amounts present in the raw materials used in the manufacture of the drywall filler. Although manufacturers can specify raw material with the lowest amount of contamination with crystalline silica, achieving a product that is totally free of crystalline silica content is not feasible.

Substitution with a product that requires no sanding or produces less dust would be ideal from a business and health perspective; however, no such product has yet been developed.

WorkSafeBC recognizes respiratory protection as the only current viable option for controlling exposure with the following conditions:. It covers all standard work practices including the use of pole sanders, sanding sponges, and hand-held sanding blocks for sanding of joints, corners, and seams where drywall filler compounds have been applied. The supervisor is responsible for the following:.

Risk Identification and Assessment Drywall taping compounds may contain calcite, gypsum mica, kaolin, perlite, talc, and silica. Most of these substances do not have individual component or specific exposure limits. Evaluations conducted by WorkSafeBC and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH have found that the exposure of drywall sanders to crystalline silica is less than posted exposure limits and mostly at or below the detection limit.

The exposure control requirements for drywall sanding are to address the hazard of PNOC concentration. Control Options Company policy is to use the following control options to eliminate or reduce the risk to workers from the hazard of drywall sanding dust exposure.

Every effort will be made to ensure the need to sand is reduced or minimized in the taping and filling stages of drywall installation. Care in and use of proper and appropriate filling procedures, methods, and practices will reduce the need to sand out joint compounds.

If sanding is required, the following hierarchy of control measures needs to be considered:. A combination of the above control options should be considered to ensure maximum protection for workers.

Workers and supervisors involved in drywall filler sanding will be educated and instructed in the health hazards associated with the sanding operations and will be trained in the operation and use of the sanding equipment and control measures, including the safe use, limitations, and maintenance of the respiratory protection used.

Written Work Safety Procedures The following written procedures will be made available on-site for the direction of workers:. Hygiene Practices and Cleanup Procedures All workers sanding drywall filler compounds are to change into coveralls or work clothes in a "clean area. Workers will have and use facilities for washing of their hands and face before meal breaks and at the end of each shift.

Health Monitoring Workers will promptly report any symptoms of exposure to the job site first aid attendant and their supervisor for further investigation. Documentation The company will keep records of the instruction and training provided to workers, respirator fit-test records, any related crew talks, and any reported unsafe conditions or deficiencies noted in workplace inspections or reported to the supervisor on the site.

Annual Review The employer will undertake, on an annual basis, the following:. Purpose of guideline The purpose of this guideline is to describe acceptable control options. Exposure limits Section 5. Other useful sources of information in making the determination of a potentially harmful level include the SDS, supplier's recommendations, and reference literature, such as the Documentation of Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices published by the ACGIH.

Control measures Acceptable control options include substitution, engineering control, administrative control, and personal protective equipment. Good occupational hygiene practice considers this to be the "hierarchy of controls.

Factors that should be considered in selecting a suitable substitute include the following:. The only circumstances under which WorkSafeBC would consider personal protective equipment to be a primary means of control are when the conditions of section 5.

In section 5. The definition of "temporary" is provided in section 5. An oxygen deficient atmosphere is one in which the concentration of oxygen is below that required to sustain normal respiration. The process of respiration includes breathing, as well as the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood and also between the blood and tissues. At standard pressure and temperature, atmospheric air at sea level contains This atmosphere is oxygen deficient at concentrations of oxygen of At metres 10, feet above sea level, the IDLH concentration of oxygen is Because some of these gases are flammable, the requirements of sections 5.

Purpose of guideline Section 5. The purpose of this guideline is to provide background information on the designations for carcinogenicity, reproductive effects, sensitization, and L endnotes as referenced in section 5. Background Section 5. Periodically, designations for specific chemical substances are subject to change by the ACGIH and IARC if new scientific evidence concludes a different health outcome.

To address such matters, the Regulation under the provisions of Part 5, also requires employers to use such updated information sources in assessing adverse health effects and establishing safe work procedures.

Both agencies provide information on their websites:. As defined in section 1. Sensitization often involves a response by the body's immune system. Initially, there may be little or no response to a sensitizing substance.

However, after a worker is sensitized, subsequent exposure may cause severe reactions even at low exposure concentrations, including at levels below the exposure limit. For an ACGIH sensitizer, the exposure limit is primarily meant to protect workers from becoming sensitized to the substance.

However, it is not intended to and likely will not protect those workers who have already become sensitized. The absence of a sensitization notation by the ACGIH does not mean that a substance lacks the ability to produce sensitization, but may reflect the inconclusiveness of scientific evidence at the time of the publication.

Employers still need to protect workers who may be exposed to potential sensitizers in the workplace by implementing appropriate control measures. The ACGIH defines the "L" endnote as "exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible. Substitution Eliminating the potential for worker exposures to carcinogens, reproductive toxins, sensitizers, and other designated substances by substituting it with a less hazardous substance is the preferred approach.

However, substitution as a control may not always be practicable in every situation. To evaluate compliance with section 5. As indicated by section 5. Purpose of guideline The purpose of this guideline is to provide additional information about protective reassignment and exposure control plans. Protective policy The policy and procedures may include protective reassignment, meaning that a worker may be relocated from a high-risk to a low-risk work area, based on the risk assessment carried out for the exposure potential.

The policy and procedures must be appropriate to the level of risk. Since exposure levels to substances exhibiting reproductive and sensitization toxic effects must be kept as low as reasonably achievable, section 5. For example, at a given level of exposure in the workplace, the risk may be minimal.

In this case, a policy that informs workers about the material and its reproductive toxicity or sensitizing capability may be all that is required. For further guidance, contact WorkSafeBC. Purpose of guideline The purpose of this revised guideline is to provide guidance around investigating possible exposure to a hazardous substance. Conducting an investigation into possible exposure Under section 5.

Where signs or symptoms are shown to be associated with workplace exposure, section 5. The employer must consult with the joint committee or worker health and safety representative as applicable.

These requirements are consistent with sections 3. The investigation of symptoms should include an initial review of hazardous substances present in the workplace with an emphasis on those materials to which the worker s exhibiting signs or symptoms of overexposure may have been exposed.

For hazardous products controlled under the Hazardous Products Act and the Hazardous Products Regulations , this would mean a review of the safety data sheets SDS to identify the hazardous ingredients and toxicological properties.

For complaints associated with indoor air quality sections 4. Once the hazardous substance has been identified, the employer should consider the symptoms workers are experiencing to determine if there is a relationship between the symptoms and the exposure.

Not only should the substance be considered, but also the circumstances that give rise to the exposure. If a relationship is found, then a further investigation should be conducted to identify a means of controlling the hazard.

When identifying a means of controlling the hazards, the requirements of section 5. The records should include the following information:. Occupational Health and Safety Regulation section 5. Policy R5. WorkSafeBC publishes this exposure limit table in accordance with its mandate under the Workers Compensation Act to provide information and promote public awareness. This table does not represent the official exposure limits and designations.

WorkSafeBC does not warrant the accuracy or the completeness of the information in this table, and none of its board of directors, employees or agents shall be liable to any person for any loss or damage of any nature arising from this version. Where an exposure limit is adopted by exception, the official exposure limit is found in Policy R5.

Note that:. Notations column The notations identify substances considered to be carcinogens, sensitizers and those with adverse reproductive effect under section 5. G - as measured by the vertical elutriator, cotton-dust sampler, see TLV Documentation. I - see Special Notes in Table 1 below J - does not include stearates of toxic metals.

L - No exposure limit. Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible. M - refers to sulfuric acid contained in strong inorganic acid mists. N - the 8-hour TWA listed in the Table is for the total dust. O - sampled by method that does not collect vapour. P - application restricted to conditions in which there are negligible aerosol exposures.

V - vapour and inhalable aerosol. The employer or the employer's agent must submit to the Board drawings and specifications for an existing or proposed ventilation system if requested by the Board. It does not apply to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HVAC systems, which are covered under section 4. Officers may request plans to evaluate compliance with a previously written order or with the general requirements for industrial ventilation.

It may be appropriate to request plans in any of the following situations:. Examples of highly toxic materials include methylene bisphenyl isocyanate MDI , hexamethylene diisocyanate HDI , and other substances identified in section 5. Sections 4. The requirement under section 4. For example, installation of a ventilation system may be required in situations where the building has no existing HVAC system or the HVAC system is inadequate for the occupancy.

All such work, however, is subject to the approval of the owner, acting reasonably. In the context of this section, "the owner, acting reasonably" is taken to mean that the owner cannot be unreasonable when rejecting the project. Generally, the operation and maintenance of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning HVAC system is the responsibility of the building owner or owner's agent, although this responsibility may be varied by commercial agreement.

A statute or regulation overrides a private contract, therefore the requirements of this section take precedence over any term of a lease agreement that might be contrary to the responsibility cast by the Regulation. However, the responsibility for the cost of the installation or upgrade will likely be determined by the lease agreement. The latter is covered under section 4.

Table sets out situations when recirculation is not permitted, when it is permitted with written approval from WorkSafeBC, and when it is permitted without such approval. The table states that WorkSafeBC may grant approval for recirculation for "any contaminant not otherwise listed in the table. Recirculation of substances identified by section 5. Authorities having jurisdiction over environmental air standards are the B. The term "likelihood" in subsection 2 refers to the probability that a worker may be exposed to discharge air from a ventilation system.

If conditions, such as the direction of the prevailing wind, the discharge velocity of the exhaust air, or thermal effects in the air stream, routinely direct contaminants towards areas where workers are located, then this section applies. Contaminated air that is allowed to escape through a wall or ceiling opening could re-enter the work area or an adjacent location. If this situation is thought to exist, the problem needs to be investigated to identify the nature of the contaminants, as well as the employer responsible for generating them.

Typically, in determining if a worker overexposure to the limits set by section 5. The quantity of air contaminant discharged from a ventilation system falls under the jurisdiction of Environment Canada or the B. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection. WorkSafeBC's jurisdiction is the exposure of the worker, who may be located some distance away from the discharge point, and due to mixing and dilution, the concentration at that location may be significantly lower than at the discharge point.

In determining the practicability of taking action to control an objectionable odour arising from discharged air, first determine if the contaminants can be identified:. A decision to issue orders to control the odour will be determined on the basis of the duration of exposure, the availability of control technology and the offensiveness of the emission. If workers are experiencing other health effects, such as sensitivity or acute reactions, WorkSafeBC's occupational health physicians should be consulted.

However, before recommending that the position or the height of the stack be altered, the officer should consider whether this change will constitute a further hazard that is not practicable to control for example, whether the required stack height will be unstable or whether the new position affect the structural integrity of the building.

If there is a further hazard, alternative control technologies for objectionable odours should be considered. A dust collector having an internal volume greater than 0. Purpose of guideline This guideline explains terms used in Regulation section 5. There are a series of NFPA standards that are relevant to the control of fire and explosion hazards from combustible dusts and an employer should review the standard s relevant to the application in question.

In addition, there are specifications in the BC Building Code e. Employers should not rely solely on the generic information in this guideline to minimize hazards that could lead to a dust explosion. The entire relevant standard s or code s should be consulted for complete information.

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