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wood-401k-plan-zhu Mitchell, A. The Nasdaq Composite fell sharply as a jump in U. ADAM SHAPIRO: So I wood 401(k) plan zhu to talk to you about, as we talk about k s in the future-- there's this myth-- and you talk about it in your book, " k 40 Years Later"-- there's a myth of what retirement was like prior pla, say, that everyone had a pension, that everyone became vested when they, in fact, did not in their long term savings plans or stock option plans through their companies. Relations between Russia and the U. Like Holmes and Balwani, Richman and Apte 401(k)) closely together and were romantically involved -- leading them to marry inaccording to the Wood 401(k) plan zhu. Preston, T.

You know, that's the actual type of plan that this applied to. You devised the plan that now we refer to you as the father of the k. And at the end of your book, many years later, four decades-plus, you write, income adequacy will continue to be a major issue in the years ahead.

In fact, every retirement system in existence will probably be severely tested. Does that include the current state of k s in your opinion? It was never intended to be the primary vehicle for saving for retirement. It was only a page and a half long. It was a little fluky thing stuck in an end of year tax bill. But all of these plans are subject to the ups and downs of the stock market.

And it's very obvious k s. But what people who are in pension plans don't realize is they have the same financial risk, they just don't know it. They're not aware of it. But if you were going to make recommendations to improve the k system today, what would you recommend? TED BENNA: The first one would be the fact that there's a lot of criticism that too much of the money escapes out of the system when people change jobs.

So the first one would be to put a lock on that and require that when you change jobs, your money has to continue to be invested for retirement-- you know, either in a k or IRA. Another one would be to require that all employers who offer plans must use what's called automatic enrollment-- you know, that employees are automatically enrolled and their contributions are automatically increased each year.

And the last one would be many people in retirement are going to have to make some really tough decisions about how to make this provide an income for their life-- for 20, 30 years. And one way to do that is what is called a guaranteed monthly lifetime income annuity. The headline was, father of four k calls it a nightmare. Do you want to set the record straight on that? Do you think k s are a nightmare? You know, these plans evolved from being very simple.

You know, the first plans, you only had two choices. So it took less than a minute for me to explain investment options to participants, probably.

You know, they evolved over a period of time into something with many choices, making it extremely complex, you know, for employees to make decisions. And the cost of investing just got totally out of control.

And so that's really what I was hitting on here when I said I would totally change if I were starting over. What worries you or gives you confidence in those kinds of data? Clearly, it's a problem. And it's one of the things I mentioned about improving it was to require that participants be automatically enrolled rather than having to decide to do that. You know, that would ratchet up the participation level for those who don't have plans.

And that ties into another change that I would like to see, and that is a mandate that all employers have to offer some form of payroll deduction savings arrangement to help their employees save for retirement. And I've actually figured out two different ways of being able to do that and have a matching employer contribution similar to what you would get with a k. Is there something positive about it? And most of us, including me at the time, would never have accumulated what you do with a k if you had to do it on your own every paycheck.

And you know, not taking advantage of that opportunity if you have it, it's just crazy not to do that. TED BENNA: Maybe the last one that jumps out at me is I'm concerned right now with all of the uncertainty around us that those who are approaching retirement, or maybe even in the early years of retirement, who are following traditional investment advice are taking a lot more risk than what they should be.

Bloomberg -- The founders of medical testing company uBiome Inc. Offering products that allowed consumers and patients to analyze the DNA of their own microbiomes from fecal samples, uBiome filed for bankruptcy in September , about four months after the FBI began investing its billing practices. Among its creditors were high-profile venture capital firms 8VC and Andreessen Horowitz. Now, its former chief executives, Jessica Richman, 46, and Zachary Apte, 36, face charges of securities fraud and health-care fraud that could send them to prison for 20 years, along with a suit by the U.

Securities and Exchange Commission. The cases echo the criminal charges pending against Theranos Inc. Like Holmes and Balwani, Richman and Apte worked closely together and were romantically involved -- leading them to marry in , according to the SEC. The company founders relied on the scheme from to to sell uBiome stock and debt to pay for operations and enrich themselves, prosecutors said. Successional changes in live and dead wood carbon stores: implications for net ecosystem productivity.

Tree Physiol. Keith, H. Managing temperate forests for carbon storage: impacts of logging versus forest protection on carbon stocks. Ecosphere 5 , 1—34 Peet, R. Houghton, R. The annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use — Tellus B 51 , — Yan, Y.

Integrate carbon dynamic models in analyzing carbon sequestration impact of forest biomass harvest. Avirmed, O. Ecosphere 6 , 1—10 Auffhammer, M.

Quantifying economic damages from climate change. Greenstone, M. Developing a social cost of carbon for US regulatory analysis: a methodology and interpretation. Policy 7 , 23—46 Haggerty, J. Tradeoffs, balancing, and adaptation in the agriculture-oil and gas nexus: Insights from farmers and ranchers in the United States. Energy Res. McGranahan, D. Swinton, S.

Economic Value of Ecosystem Services from Agriculture. Press, Crutzen, P. Methane production by domestic animals, wild ruminants, other herbivorous fauna, and humans. Tellus B 38 , — Stoy, P. Methane efflux from an American bison herd. Biogeosciences Wood Bookend Plan Zhu 18 , — A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services.

Taylor, N. Ecosystem services of the Big Bend region of the Chihuahuan Desert. Miller, R. Breisinger, C. Benedek, Z. The multiplier effects of food relocalization: a systematic review. Sustainability 12 , Awokuse, T. Delaware College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Burney, S. The Importance of Agriculture for Kentucky Univ. Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Clymer, A. Deller, S. Wisconsin and the Agricultural Economy Univ.

Wisconsin-Madison, Ferris, J. Gabe, T. Maine Policy Rev. Google Scholar. Kinghorn, M. Kelley School of Business, Lopez, R. Connecticut, Mortensen, J. Arizona, Rahe, M. Schmit, T. College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Shideler, D. Swenson, D. Taylor, G. Thompson, E. Nebraska, Vukovic, T. Johnson, K. Uncertainty in ecosystem services valuation and implications for assessing land use tradeoffs: an agricultural case study in the Minnesota River Basin.

Download references. We thank Enverus for providing complimentary access to their well database. Jordaan and W. Snyder provided feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. Sofia Varriano, Luke H. Lefler, Varenya Nallur, Maureen R. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. All of the authors edited the manuscript. Correspondence to Matthew D. Reprints and Permissions. The pandemic's diverging paths on the two co…. Happening Now. Biden deplores surge in anti-Asian violence Wood 401k Plan Vue President Joe Biden deplored a surge in anti-Asian violence in the United States after a deadly shooting rampage in Georgia, and asked all Americans to stan… Read More ».

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