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open-source-hardware-group-guide Namespaces Article Talk. Combined, the camera and sensor can diagnose the olen agricultural needs and send the findings to users' cell phones. Work, 10, Jump to navigation. It really targets those with no prior experience and gives them the power to bring their creation to life! Access open source hardware group guide the hardware design source is a precondition for this. Source: Open-V.

There is now significant evidence that such sharing can drive a high return on investment for the scientific community. Since the rise of reconfigurable programmable logic devices , sharing of logic designs has been a form of open-source hardware. Instead of the schematics, hardware description language HDL code is shared. HDL modules, when distributed, are called semiconductor intellectual property cores , also known as IP cores. Open-source hardware also helps alleviate the issue of proprietary device drivers for the free and open-source software community, however, it is not a pre-requisite for it, and should not be confused with the concept of open documentation for proprietary hardware, which is already sufficient for writing FLOSS device drivers and complete operating systems.

The first hardware focused " open source " activities were started around by Bruce Perens , creator of the Open Source Definition , co-founder of the Open Source Initiative , and a ham radio operator.

He launched the Open Hardware Certification Program, which had the goal of allowing hardware manufacturers to self-certify their products as open. Shortly after the launch of the Open Hardware Certification Program, David Freeman announced the Open Hardware Specification Project OHSpec , another attempt at licensing hardware components whose interfaces are available publicly and of creating an entirely new computing platform as an alternative to proprietary computing systems.

However, most of these activities faded out after a few years. The FreeIO project advocated the concept of Free Hardware and proposed four freedoms that such hardware provided to users, based on the similar freedoms provided by free software licenses.

Martin's projects attracted a variety of hardware and software developers as well as other volunteers. Development of new open hardware designs at FreeIO ended in when Martin died of pancreatic cancer but the existing designs remain available from the organization's website.

By the mid s open-source hardware again became a hub of activity due to the emergence of several major open-source hardware projects and companies, such as OpenCores , RepRap 3D printing , Arduino , Adafruit and SparkFun. In , Perens reactivated the openhardware. Following the Open Graphics Project , an effort to design, implement, and manufacture a free and open 3D graphics chip set and reference graphics card, Timothy Miller suggested the creation of an organization to safeguard the interests of the Open Graphics Project community.

Raymond expressed some concerns about certain aspects of the OHL and decided to not review the license. Around in context of the Freedom Defined project, the Open Hardware Definition was created as collaborative work of many [14] and is accepted as of by dozens of organizations and companies. Javier Serrano, an engineer at CERN's Beams Department and the founder of the Open Hardware Repository, explained: "By sharing designs openly, CERN expects to improve the quality of designs through peer review and to guarantee their users — including commercial companies — the freedom to study, modify and manufacture them, leading to better hardware and less duplication of efforts".

Following the Open Hardware Summit, and after heated debates on licenses and what constitutes open-source hardware, Bruce Perens abandoned the OSHW Definition and the concerted efforts of those involved with it.

FSF's Replicant project suggested in an alternative "free hardware" definition, derived from the FSF's four freedoms. The term hardware in open-source hardware has been historically used in opposition to the term software of open-source software. That is, to refer to the electronic hardware on which the software runs see previous section.

However, as more and more non-electronic hardware products are made open source for example Wikihouse, OpenBeam or Hovalin , this term tends to be used back in its broader sense of "physical product". The field of open-source hardware has been shown to go beyond electronic hardware and to cover a larger range of product categories such as machine tools, vehicles and medical equipment. Due to a mixture of privacy, security, and environmental concerns, a number of projects have started that aim to deliver a variety of open-source computing devices.

Several retrocomputing hobby groups have created numerous recreations or adaptations of the early home computers of the s and 80s, some of which include improved functionality and more modern components such as surface-mount ICs and SD card readers. Miniaturised recreations of vintage computers have also been created. Electronics is one of the most popular types of open-source hardware. There are many companies that provide large varieties of open-source electronics such as Sparkfun , Adafruit and Seeed.

In addition, there are NPOs and companies that provide a specific open-source electronic component such as the Arduino electronics prototyping platform. There are many examples of specialty open-source electronics such as low-cost voltage and current GMAW open-source 3-D printer monitor [34] [35] and a robotics-assisted mass spectrometry assay platform.

A large range of open-source mechatronic products have been developed including mechanical components, machine tools, vehicles, musical instruments, and medical equipment. Examples of open source medical equipment include open-source ventilators , the echostethoscope echOpen and a wide range of prosthetic hands listed in the review study by Ten Kate et. Rather than creating a new license, some open-source hardware projects use existing, free and open-source software licenses.

Later, several new licenses were proposed, designed to address issues specific to hardware design. Despite superficial similarities to software licenses , most hardware licenses are fundamentally different: by nature, they typically rely more heavily on patent law than on copyright law, as many hardware designs are not copyrightable. The Open Source Hardware Association recommends seven licenses which follow their open-source hardware definition.

Organizations tend to rally around a shared license. The adjective "open-source" not only refers to a specific set of freedoms applying to a product, but also generally presupposes that the product is the object or the result of a "process that relies on the contributions of geographically dispersed developers via the Internet. One of the major differences between developing open-source software and developing open-source hardware is that hardware results in tangible outputs, which cost money to prototype and manufacture.

As a result, the phrase "free as in speech, not as in beer", [61] more formally known as Gratis versus Libre , distinguishes between the idea of zero cost and the freedom to use and modify information. While open-source hardware faces challenges in minimizing cost and reducing financial risks for individual project developers, some community members have proposed models to address these needs [62] Given this, there are initiatives to develop sustainable community funding mechanisms, such as the Open Source Hardware Central Bank.

Extensive discussion has taken place on ways to make open-source hardware as accessible as open-source software. Providing clear and detailed product documentation is an essential factor facilitating product replication and collaboration in hardware development projects.

Practical guides have been developed to help practitioners to do so. The process of developing open-source hardware in a community-based setting is alternatively called open design , open source development [66] or open source product development. See here for a delineation of these terms. A major contributor to the production of open-source hardware product designs is the scientific community. There has been considerable work to produce open-source hardware for scientific hardware using a combination of open-source electronics and 3-D printing.

Circuit Cellar magazine organizes some of these contests. A guide has been published Open-Source Lab book by Joshua Pearce on using open-source electronics and 3D printing to make open-source labs.

There is also a Premium course which is extremely reasonably priced and provides a 16 week curriculum. All of the tutorials are super well documented and simple to execute. His simple way of coupling code, expiation of the code is really clear and concise. Here is an excellent example of a tutorial which allows a user to make one switch have two or more functions. Michael has had some really interesting guests on his show which delve into all thing open source. Close search. Home What Is Arduino?

Open source hardware licenses generally permit recipients of the designs and documentations to study them, redistribute and modify them, and then to distribute any modifications. Additionally, open hardware licenses don't prevent someone from giving away or even selling the project's documentation. Like software, hardware designs and inventions are subject to copyright and patent law. And like open source software, open source hardware uses these intellectual property laws creatively to make hardware designs publicly accessible.

Because of their similarity to open source software projects, many open hardware projects simply use existing free and open source software licenses when licensing their works.

Others use the Creative Commons By Attribution licenses , which are more focused on the features of works of art, as opposed to software. Both copyright law in the case of source code and design documentation and patent law in the case of design processes and material technologies apply to open hardware. Trademark law is also pertinent to the branding names and logos of open hardware.

All open hardware must be accompanied by documentation, including design files and source code. In addition, the license governing the reproduction of open hardware must allow modification and distribution of those design files in a way that allows others to easily obtain them.

This makes possible—and even encourages—studying, troubleshooting, modifying, and improving open hardware. If a piece of open hardware incorporates software of any kind, then that software should generally be released under an approved open source license.

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