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IL-2 Sturmovik: on Steam

The Il-2 was never given an official name and 'shturmovik' is the generic Russian word meaning ground attack aircraft. The word also appears in Western sources as Stormovik [3] and Sturmovik, [4] neither of which give correct pronunciation in English. With 36, units of the Il-2 produced during il2 1946 jet planes website war, and in il2 1946 jet planes website with its successor, the Ilyushin Ila total of 42, [5] were built, making it the single most produced military aircraft design in aviation history, as well as one of the most produced piloted aircraft in history along with the American postwar civilian Cessna and the Soviet Union's own then-contemporary Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik multipurpose biplane.

To Il-2 pilots, the aircraft was simply the diminutive "Ilyusha". To the soldiers on the ground, it was the "Hunchback", the "Flying Tank" or the "Flying Infantryman".

When factories fell behind on deliveries, Joseph Stalin told the factory managers that the Il-2s were "as essential to the Red Army as air and bread. The idea for a Soviet armored ground-attack aircraft dates to the early s, when Dmitry Il2 1946 jet planes website Grigorovich designed TSh-1 and TSh-2 armored biplanes. However, Soviet engines at the time lacked the power needed to provide the heavy aircraft with good performance.

TsKB was a two-seat aircraft with an armoured shell weighing kg 1, lbprotecting crewengineradiatorsand the fuel tank. I armored, all-metal biplane, the Il-2's armor was designed as a load-bearing part of the Ilyushin's monocoque structure, thus saving considerable weight.

The BSh-2 was overweight and underpowered, with the original Mikulin AM 1, kW 1, hp engine designed to give its greatest power outputs at high altitude. Because of this it was redesigned as the TsKBa lighter single-seat design, with the more powerful 1, kW 1, hp Mikulin AM engine, a development of the AM optimised for low level operation. The 23 mm 0.

It operated on the short recoil principle and had a rate of fire of about rpm. The development of the MP-6 gun can be traced back to The initial version was tested in the spring of on a Bf bought from Germany, because there was no suitable Soviet aircraft on which to mount it.

In the summer of it was tested on the Pashinin I In the early Il-2 prototypes, these guns were fed by round clips. In flight, these clips sometimes became dislodged because of their large surface, which caused them to experience significant aerodynamic pressure. The VYa was declared the winner at this trial.

Subsequently, in Maydevelopment of the MP-6 gun was terminated and Taubin was arrested [13] and summarily executed in October that year. The Il-2 is a single-engine, propeller-driven, low-wing monoplane of mixed construction with a crew of two one in early versionsspecially designed for assault operations.

Its most notable feature was the inclusion of armor in an airframe load-bearing scheme. Armor plates replaced the frame and paneling throughout the nacelle and middle part of the fuselage, and an armored hull made of riveted homogeneous armor steel AB-1 AB-2 secured the aircraft's engine, cockpit, water and oil radiators, and fuel tanks. In earlythe Il-2 was ordered into production at four factories, and was eventually produced in greater il2 1946 jet planes website than any other military aircraft in aviation history, but by the time Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 Juneonly State Aviation Factory il2 1946 jet planes website at Voronezh and Factory at Leningrad had commenced production, with having been built by the time of the German attack.

Production early in the war was slow because after the German invasion the aircraft factories near Moscow and other major cities in western Russia had to be moved east of the Ural Mountains. Ilyushin and his engineers had time to reconsider production methods, and two months after the move Il-2s were again being produced.

The tempo was not to Premier Stalin 's liking, however, and he issued the following telegram to Shenkman and Tretyakov:.

You have let down our country and our Red Army. You have the nerve not to manufacture IL-2s until now. Our Red Army now needs IL-2 aircraft like the air it il2 1946 jet planes website, like the bread it eats.

It is a mockery of our country and the Red Army. I ask you not to try the government's patience, and demand that you manufacture more ILs. This is my final warning. As a result, "the production of Shturmoviks rapidly gained speed. Stalin's notion of the Il-2 being 'like bread' to the Red Army took hold il2 1946 jet planes website Ilyushin's aircraft plants and the army soon had their Shturmoviks available in quantity.

The training received enabled the pilots only to take-off and land; none of the pilots had fired the armament, let alone learned tactics. In the first three days, 4th ShAP had lost 10 Il-2s to enemy action, a further 19 were lost to other causes, and 20 pilots were killed.

Tactics improved as Soviet aircrews became used to the Il-2's strengths. Instead of a low horizontal straight approach at 50 metres il2 1946 jet planes website altitude, the target was il2 1946 jet planes website kept to the pilot's left and a turn and shallow dive of 30 degrees was used, using an echeloned assault by four to twelve aircraft at a time. They were designated PTAB Up to were carried in four external dispensers cluster bombs or up to in the inner wing panels' internal ventral weapon bays.

The Il-2 was thereafter widely deployed on the Eastern Front. The aircraft could fly in low light conditions and carried weapons able to defeat the thick armor of the Panther and Tiger I tanks. The true capabilities of the Il-2 are difficult to determine from existing documentary evidence. Liss in Aircraft profile Ilyushin Il-2 mentions an engagement during the Battle of Kursk on 7 Julyin which 70 tanks from the German 9th Panzer Division were claimed to be destroyed by Ilyushin Il-2s in just 20 minutes.

Ground forces highly valued the work of aviation on the battlefield. In a number of instances enemy attacks were thwarted thanks to our air operations. Thus on 7 July enemy tank attacks were disrupted in the Kashara region 13th Army. Here our assault aircraft delivered three powerful attacks in groups of 20—30, which resulted in the destruction and disabling of 34 tanks. The enemy was forced to halt further attacks and to withdraw the remnants of his force north of Kashara.

Ryazanov became a master in the use of attack aircraft en massedeveloping and improving the tactics of Il-2 operations in co-ordination with infantry, artillery and armored troops. Il-2s at Kursk used the "circle of death" tactic: up to eight Shturmoviks formed a defensive circleeach plane protecting the one ahead with its forward machine guns, while individual Il-2s took turns leaving the circle, attacking a target, and rejoining the circle.

About half of those lost were shot down by fighters, the rest falling to anti-aircraft fire. Other studies of the fighting at Kursk suggest that very few of German armour losses were caused by the IL-2 or any other Soviet aircraft.

In fact, total German tank losses in Operation Citadel amounted to totally destroyed, the vast majority to anti-tank guns and armored fighting vehicles. During the Battle of Kursk, VVS Il-2s claimed the destruction of no less than tanks and 2, il2 1946 jet planes website in a period of just two hours against the 3rd Panzer Division.

It did not record any il2 1946 jet planes website losses to air attack throughout this period. As with the other panzer divisions at Kursk, the large majority of the 3rd Panzer Division's tank losses were due to dug-in Soviet anti-tank guns and tanks. Perhaps the most extraordinary claim by the VVS's Il-2s is that, over a il2 1946 jet planes website of four hours, they destroyed tanks and in the process virtually wiped out the 17th Panzer Division.

The il2 1946 jet planes website Panzer Division was not even in the main attack sector, but further south with the 1st Panzer Army's 24th Panzer Corps.

The 17th Panzer did not register any abnormal losses due to aircraft in the summer ofand retreated westwards with Army Group South il2 1946 jet planes website in the year, still intact. The main problem with the Il-2 was the inaccuracy of its attacks. The effect, however, was often more psychological than actual physical destruction of targets, particularly against dug-in and armored targets.

The heavy armor of the Il-2 also meant that it would typically carry only comparatively light bomb-loads, which together with the poor accuracy of its attacks made it a far less deadly attack aircraft than contemporary Allied fighter-bombers such as the Republic P Thunderbolt and Hawker Typhoon.

The rocket projectiles especially were not effective, even the larger RS of which four were carried having a warhead with only 0. These small-calibre bombs were loaded directly into the bomb bays and were dropped onto enemy vehicles from altitudes up to metres ft. As each Il-2 could carry up to bombs, a fire carpet 70 metres ft long and 15 metres 49 ft wide could cover the enemy tanks, giving a high "kill" probability.

During one sortie on 5 Junesix attack aircraft led by Lt. Vitrook destroyed 15 enemy tanks in one attack, and during five days of the enemy advance, the st Division claimed to have destroyed or damaged enemy tanks.

Thanks il2 1946 jet planes website the il2 1946 jet planes website armor protection, the Il-2 could take a great deal of punishment and proved difficult for both ground and aircraft fire to shoot down.

A major threat to the Il-2 was German ground fire. In postwar interviews, Il-2 pilots reported 20 mm 0. Similarly the attempts in Finland during the summer of to augment the small numbers of 20 and 40 mm 0. The armored tub, ranging from 5 to 12 mm 0. Unfortunately the rear gunners did not have the benefit of all-around armor protection, especially from the rear and to the sides, and suffered about four times the casualties of pilots.

Added casualties resulted from the Soviet policy of not returning home with unused ammunition which typically il2 1946 jet planes website in repeated passes on the target. Luftwaffe pilots called it Zementbomber Concrete bomber. Heavy losses to enemy fighters forced the reintroduction of a rear gunner; early Il-2s were field modified by cutting a hole in the fuselage behind the cockpit for a gunner sitting on a canvas sling armed with a The new variant had a lengthened fuselage compartment with an extended canopy offering some protection from the elements.

Unlike the well-armoured cockpit of the pilot compartment with steel plating up to 12 mm 0. The new engines produced 1, kW 1, hp at takeoff and 1, kW 1, hp at metres 2, ft. They gave an improved takeoff and low-altitude performance. The Shturmovik rear guns proved to be effective against hostile fighters, and during the service trials alone, gunners shot down seven Bf s and repulsed many attacks. Nonetheless, the death rate among the air gunners remained exceptionally high and it was only for late models produced after that the 13 mm 0.

The modifications including adding the rear gunner and gun had added weight behind the center of gravity, resulting in "marginal" stability and handling characteristics that were "barely acceptable". The need to shift the aerodynamic center of the aircraft rearwards due to the weight of the added rear gunner and lengthened cockpit was the reason for the swept back outer wings in later Il-2s.

Owing to a shortage of fighters, in —, Il-2s were occasionally used as fighters. Il-2 pilots also often attacked close formations of Junkers Ju 87sas the 7. Pilots of 33rd GvShAP were the most successful in these operations. Other successful units were those in — operating near Stalingrad. Il2 1946 jet planes website the Il-2 was a deadly air-to-ground weapon, and even a fairly effective interceptor against slow bombers and transport aircraft, heavy losses resulted from its vulnerability to fighter attack.

Losses were very high, the highest of all types of Soviet aircraft, though given the numbers in service this is only to be expected. Shturmovik losses including Il typein —, were of 10, aircraft in1, in3, in3, in and 1, in This il2 1946 jet planes website make the fighter overshoot and fly into the Il-2's firing zone. In just 30 days 10 June — 9 July Finnish and German fighter pilots shot down and 53 Il-2s respectively. Senior Lieutenant Anna Yegorova piloted Il-2 missions and was decorated three times.

Recipient of the "Hero of the Soviet Union", T. Kuznetsov, survived the crash of his Il-2 in when shot down returning from a reconnaissance mission.

The Ilyushin Il-2 (Cyrillic: Илью́шин Ил-2) Shturmovik (Cyrillic: Штурмови́к, Shturmovík) was a ground-attack aircraft produced by the Soviet Union in large numbers during the Second World www.- Il-2 was never given an official name and 'shturmovik' is the generic Russian word meaning ground attack aircraft. The word also appears in Western sources as Stormovik and Manufacturer: Ilyushin. Apr 01,  · manual_Il-2_Sturmovik__Aircraft_Guide Identifier-ark ark://t0cv8zf08 Ocr ABBYY FineReader Ppi Scanner Internet Archive Python library plus-circle Add Review. comment. Reviews There are no reviews yet. Be the first one to write a review. 3, Views. IL-2 Sturmovik: ; Category Files Size Downloads; Aircraft Types Individual skins and skin packs by aircraft type. 0: 0B: 0: Aircraft Templates Templates available for public use. 6: MB: Themed Skin Packs Aircraft skin packs by theme. MB:

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