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Also works well for trimming parts. Also can be useful for smoothing and jointing, depending on workpiece size. Jointer Planes: Long sole spans high spots on uneven stock to trim off peaks and gradually flatten workpiece. Block Planes: Versatile and typically small enough to be used with one hand. Great for smoothing mill marks, chamfering sharp edges, truing up miters and trimming doors to fit. Shoulder Planes: A cutter that spans the full width of the tool makes it perfect for trimming the shoulders and faces of tenons and rabbets.
Here is why you would use one and the types available. There was a time where a hand plane was an indispensable tool, used to smooth, shape, and straighten just about every piece of wood in a house.
The typical carpenter lugged around a whole chestful of planes, each with its own special function. Today, power Different Types Of Hand Planes Key tools — routers, jointers, belt sanders, and power planers — do the same tasks much faster, relegating many old planes to the shelves of collectors. There aren't as many types as there once were, but the hand plane is far from extinct.
A hand planer can pare off just a thin slice of wood, no tool is better for shaving the edge of a sticking door, chamfering the corner of a board, or straightening one that is twisted or warped.
That's why most carpenters still pack a hand plane or two in their toolboxes. Woodworking catalogs carry a more extensive selection. Common bench planes range in length from 9 to 22 inches or more. The longer the plane, the better it will straighten an edge, because the long body bridges dips and rises in the board's surface.
The blade, or iron, of a bench plane is pitched at 45 degrees, bevel side down. A cap iron stiffens the blade and directs shavings away from the mouth.
At 22 inches or longer, the jointer is the largest bench plane and the best choice for trimming, squaring, and straightening the edges of doors or long boards. Before power planers, a jack plane smoothed and squared rough lumber. Good for truing long boards and removing warp or twist.
At 12 to 17 inches, it's more versatile than the larger jointer plane. Designed to flatten and smooth the face of a board, this 9- to inch-long plane is ideal for leveling off high spots and for general planing. The best all-around bench plane if you have only one. The pocket-size block plane is ideal for trimming small areas, but it's too short to straighten boards.
The blade is positioned bevel side up; better models have an adjustable mouth for a super-thin shaving. Block planes come in two varieties: standard, with a blade pitched at 20 degrees, and low-angle, with a degree pitch. The low-angle block plane severs end grain easily and is comfortable in one hand, making it perfect for fitting shingles, quickly shaving down the corners of swelled doors, and fine-tuning miter cuts on trim.
Planes are meant to be used only on wood and can be dulled by other building materials. For shaping wallboard, plastic, or wood products containing adhesives, such as plywood, choose one of these alternatives. The double-edged blades are disposable, so you can use them on plywood, particleboard, and medium-density fiberboard that will trash a good plane iron.
They're also good if you don't want to bother with sharpening. The blade resembles a cheese grater and files away material rather than producing long shavings. Good for fast shaping of drywall, PVC, or plastic laminates, but leaves a rough surface on wood. A plane won't cut properly unless the blade is razor sharp. Even a new plane needs to be honed before you use it.
You don't need fancy tools to get an acceptable edge; a sharpening stone or sandpaper will do.
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