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Depending on a plane's altitude, and the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere, contrails may vary in their thickness, extent and duration. The nature and persistence of jet contrails can be used to predict the weather. A thin, short-lived contrail indicates low-humidity air at high altitude, a sign of fair weather, whereas a thick, long-lasting contrail reflects humid air at high altitudes and can be an early indicator of a storm.
The mixing gases contained in the contrail rotate with respect to the ambient air. These regions of rotating flow are called vortices. Any sharp surface, such as the tip of a wing, can cause vortical flow in its wake if it is sufficiently large or the flow is sufficiently fast.
On occasion, these trailing vortices may interact with one another. In one well-known example of this fact, the Crow Instability causes the vortices to develop symmetric sinusoidal oscillations and eventually to merge and form vortex rings behind the jet.
This instability can be triggered by turbulence in the surrounding air or by local variation in air temperature or density, which may itself be the result of the stratification of the atmosphere. When the contrails are visible and strong, it is possible to see the white streaks become wavy and then leave rings floating high in the sky, like smoke rings from a giant cigar. Recent research has suggested that the ice clouds contained in contrails cause greenhouse effects and contribute to global warming as part of the insulating blanket of moisture and gases in the atmosphere.
Researchers in this area seized on the opportunity presented on September 11 and 12 over the U. The complete cessation of commercial air traffic offered a control sky without contrails for use in quantifying the environmental effects of contrails. You have free article s left. Already a subscriber? At this altitude, the air is cool and not very dense. How does this affect the production of contrails exactly? Well, the air produced by a jet engine is warmer and more humid than this air.
As a result, the mixing of these two types of air triggers various changes. In other words, contrails are condensation in the sky that manifest as white smoke. Some people mistakenly believe that the white smoke emitted by airplanes is chemtrails.
Rather, the white smoke created in their wake is condensation-based contrails. To recap, airplanes leave behind a trail of white smoke due to the mixing of hot and humid air with cool and dry air. Exhaling causes the hot and humid air in your mouth to mix with the cool and dry air outdoor air, resulting in condensation that looks like white smoke.
Comparison of the 5 Classes of AN Connectors. Overview of Contrails The trail of smoke left in the wake of jet-engine airplanes is colloquially known as a contrail.
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