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carpentry-shop-def-service Carpentry - Wikipedia

Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildingsshipstimber bridgesconcrete formworketc. Carpenters traditionally worked with natural wood and did rougher work such as framing, but today many other materials are carpentry shop def service used [1] and carpentry shop def service the finer trades of cabinetmaking and furniture building are considered carpentry.

In the United States, In in the United States, there were carpentry shop def service 1. Carpenters are usually the first tradesmen on a job and the last to leave. Carpenters learn this trade by being employed through an apprenticeship training—normally 4 years—and qualify by successfully completing that country's competence test in places such as the United Kingdomthe United StatesCanadaSwitzerlandAustralia and South Africa.

In the UKcarpentry is more correctly used to describe the skill involved in first fixing of timber items such as construction of roofs, floors and timber framed buildingsi. An easy way to envisage this is that first fix work is all that is done before carpentry shop def service takes place.

The second fix is done after plastering takes place. Second carpentry shop def service work, the installation of items such as skirting boards, architraves, doors, and windows are generally regarded as carpentry, however, the off-site manufacture and pre-finishing of the items is regarded as joinery. In the UK, the skill of making timber formwork for poured or in situ concrete is referred to as shuttering.

The terms housewright and barn right were used historically. Someone who builds custom concrete formwork is a form carpenter. Wood is one of mankind's oldest building materials. Some of the oldest archaeological evidence of carpentry are water well casings. These include an oak and hazel structure dating from BC, found in Ostrov, Czech Republic, [10] and one built using split oak timbers with mortise and tenon and notched corners excavated in eastern Germanydating from about 7, years ago in the early Neolithic period.

Relatively little information about carpentry is available from pre-history before written language or even recent centuries because the knowledge and skills were passed down person to person, rarely in writing, until the printing press was invented in the 15th century and builders began regularly publishing guides and pattern carpentry shop def service in the carpentry shop def service and 19th centuries.

The oldest surviving complete architectural text is Vitruvius ' ten books collectively titled De architecturawhich discuss some carpentry shop def service. Some of the oldest surviving wooden buildings in the world carpentry shop def service temples in China such as the Nanchan Temple built-inthe Greensted Churchparts of which are from the 11th century, and the stave churches in Norway from the 12th and 13th centuries.

By the beginning of the Ming dynastyemperor Taizu categorized people into different occupations. At this time, all the carpenters throughout the state were registered by the imperial carpentry shop def service, and the occupation remained strictly hereditary, according to the notes from historian Carpentry shop def service Ruitenbeek. Although the restriction regarding the path into the occupation dissolved in later times of the Ming dynasty, approximately starting from the s.

Lu Ban lived in the Zhou dynasty2, years from modern-day and nearly 2, years from the beginning of the Ming dynasty. According to the biography, Lady Yun was "blessed with heavenly skills" [14] and she could produce products with higher quality than those produced by Lu Ban. Being a carpenter requires a set of techniques, especially for the household carpenters. From the first to the last day of the construction, sometimes even long before the beginning of construction, carpenters must treat their work with a lot of care.

With their meticulousness and perseverance, their products were so sophisticated that it appeals to untrained peoples as impossible. Moreover, in Ming times, people believed that certain behaviors bring good or bad fortunes, and the carpenters were responsible for helping their customers to make decisions.

Questions like when to build the house, and which direction should the house face were among some of the most frequently asked. As a result, the techniques were both practical and metaphysical, including accurate calculation, using proper tools, avoiding ominous actions, singing for good fortunes, and choosing ideal locations for houses.

Good fortunes involve a series of good things, including wealth, reputation, social ranking, and the sustainability of families. Historian Ronald Knapp recorded one of them in his book China's Living Houses: The Phoenix does not light where there are no treasures. Today it perches at the end of the ridgepole. With one swing of my axe, the house will be solid forever.

The carpenters in Ming China, and particularly the first century of Ming China, experienced the division of labor process. They were required to do ten days for each month in the imperial palace. According to the difference of their household register, these resident artisans were further categorized as military carpenters and civil carpenters.

The military carpenters belonged to the division of defense and were required to produce useful items for the military, such as bows and cannon supports. The civil carpenters belonged to the Board of Work. Meanwhile, carpenters in Ming China also avoided intrinsic competitions by establishing guilds.

Guilds were long-lasting in premodern China, and by the late Ming times, they developed into institutions with complete regulations seeking to minimize intrinsic competitions. Ruitenbeek provides a framework for the guilds of carpentry in Ming times: There was a system of apprentice, journeyman, and master.

Welfare was an important task of the guilds; it ensured, for example, a decent burial for its poorer members. Speaking of the codes among the carpenters in the Ming dynasty, it included a set of rituals or taboos generated carpentry shop def service people within the occupation.

The Lu Ban Jing also set the rituals for the carpenters when they were given magical spells. Those magical spells, according to Lu Ban Jing, require a complicated process of preparing the materials and praying for their effectiveness.

For instance, carpenters can deliver a curse that forced people to die in rivers or in water wells. Such a curse needs a wooden boat, and the carpenters have to turn the boats upside and bury the wooden boat at the northern corner of the house.

By the 16th century, sawmills were coming into use in Carpentry shop def service. The founding of America was partly based on a desire to extract resources from the new continent including wood for use in ships and buildings in Europe. In the 18th century part of the Industrial Revolution was the invention of the steam engine and cut nails. The 19th century saw carpentry shop def service development of electrical engineering and distribution which allowed the development of hand-held power tools, wire nails, and machines to mass-produce screws.

In the 20th century, portland cement came into common use and concrete foundations allowed carpenters to do away with heavy timber sills. Also, drywall plasterboard came into carpentry shop def service use replacing lime plaster on wooden lath. Plywood, engineered lumber, and chemically treated lumber also came into use.

For types of carpentry used in America see American historic carpentry. Carpentry requires training which involves both acquiring knowledge and physical practice.

In formal training a carpenter begins as an apprenticethen becomes a journeymanand with enough experience and competency can eventually attain the status of a master carpenter. Today pre-apprenticeship training may be gained through non-union vocational programs such as high school shop classes and community colleges. Informally a laborer may simply work alongside carpenters for years learning skills by observation and peripheral assistance.

While such an individual may obtain journeyman status by paying the union entry fee and obtaining a journeyman's card which provides the right to work on a union carpentry crew the carpenter foreman will, carpentry shop def service necessity, dismiss any worker who presents the card but does not demonstrate the expected skill level. Carpenters may work for an employer or be self-employed.

No matter what kind of training a carpenter has had, some U. Formal training in the carpentry trade is available in seminars, certificate programs, high-school programs, online classes, in the new construction, carpentry shop def service, and preservation carpentry fields. In the modern British construction industry, carpenters are trained through apprenticeship schemes where general certificates of secondary education GCSE in MathematicsEnglish, and Technology help but are not essential.

However, this is deemed the preferred route, as young people can earn and gain field experience whilst training towards a nationally recognized qualification. There are two main divisions of training: construction-carpentry and cabinetmaking. During pre-apprenticeship, trainees in each of these divisions spend 30 hours a week for 12 weeks in classrooms and indoor workshops learning mathematics, trade terminology, and skill carpentry shop def service the use of hand and power tools.

Construction-carpentry trainees also participate in calisthenics to prepare for the physical aspect of the work. Upon completion of pre-apprenticeship, trainees who have successfully passed the graded curriculum taught by highly experienced journeyman carpenters are assigned to a local union and to union carpentry crews at work on construction sites or in cabinet shops as First Year Apprentices.

Over the next four years, as they progress in status to Second Year, Third Year, and Fourth Year Apprentice, apprentices periodically return to the training facility carpentry shop def service three months for a week of more detailed training in specific aspects of the trade. Tradesmen in countries such as Germany and Australia are required to fulfill a formal apprenticeship usually three to four years to work as a professional carpenter.

Upon graduation from the apprenticeship, he or she is known as a carpentry shop def service carpenter. Up through the 19th and even the early 20th century, the journeyman traveled to another region of the country to learn the building styles and techniques of that area before usually returning home. In modern times, journeymen are not required to travel, and the term now refers to a level of proficiency and skill.

Union carpenters in the United States, that is, members of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of Americaare required to pass a skills test to be granted official journeyman status, but uncertified professional carpenters may also be known as journeymen based on their carpentry shop def service level, years of experience, or carpentry shop def service because they support themselves in the trade and not due to any certification or formal woodworking education.

Professional status as a journeyman carpenter in the United States may be obtained in a number of ways. Formal training is acquired in a four-year apprenticeship program administered by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, in which journeyman status is obtained after successful completion of twelve weeks of pre-apprenticeship training, followed by four years of on-the-job field training working alongside journeyman carpenters.

The Timber Framers Guild also has a formal apprenticeship program for traditional timber framing. In Canada, each province sets its own standards for apprenticeship. The average length of time is four years and includes a minimum number of hours of both on-the-job training and technical instruction at a college or other institution.

Depending on the number of hours of instruction an apprentice receives, he or she can earn a Certificate of Proficiency, making him or her a journeyman, or a Certificate of Qualification, which allows him or her to practice a more limited amount of carpentry.

Canadian carpenters also have the option of acquiring an additional Interprovincial Red Seal that allows them to practice anywhere in Canada. The Red Seal carpentry shop def service the completion carpentry shop def service an apprenticeship and an additional carpentry shop def service. After working as a journeyman for a while, a carpenter may go on to study or test as a master carpenter.

In some countries, such as Germany, Iceland and Japanthis is an arduous and expensive process, requiring extensive knowledge including economic and legal knowledge and skill to achieve master certification; these countries generally carpentry shop def service master status for anyone employing and teaching apprentices in the craft.

In others, like the United States, carpentry shop def service carpenter' can be a loosely used term to describe any skilled carpenter. Fully trained carpenters and joiners will often move into related trades such as shop fittingscaffoldingbench joinerymaintenance and system installation. Carpenters traditionally worked with natural wood which has been prepared by splitting rivinghewingor sawing with a pit saw or sawmill called lumber American English or timber British English.

Today natural and engineered lumber and many other building materials carpenters may use are typically prepared by others and delivered to the job site. In the carpenters union in America used the term carpenter for a catch-all position.

Tasks performed by union carpenters include installing " Carpentry is often hazardous work. Types of woodworking and carpentry hazards include Machine hazards, flying materials, tool projection, fire and explosion, electrocution, noise, vibration, dust, and chemicals. However, self-employed workers are not covered by the OSHA act.

At the same time, U. In general construction "employers must provide working conditions that are free of known dangers. Keep floors in work areas in a clean and, so far as possible, dry condition.

Select and provide required personal protective equipment at no cost to workers.

Definition of carpentry 1: the art or trade of a carpenter specifically: the art of shaping and assembling structural woodwork 2: timberwork constructed by a carpenter. AP Carpentry Shop and Services, Laoag City. likes. Home Improvement5/5. A service is a transaction in which no physical goods are transferred from the seller to the buyer. The benefits of such a service are held to be demonstrated by the buyer's willingness to make the exchange. Public services are those that society (nation state, fiscal union or region) as a whole pays for.

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