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In the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium Flanders , movies and TV series are shown in their original language with subtitles , with the exception of most movies made for a young audience. In the latter case, sometimes separate versions are recorded in the Netherlands and in Flanders for instance, several Walt Disney films and Harry Potter films.
These dubbed versions only differ from each other in their use of different voice actors and different pronunciation, while the text is almost the same. In the French-speaking part of Belgium Wallonia , the range of French-dubbed versions is approximately as wide as the German range, where nearly all movies and TV series are dubbed.
Children's programs both animated and live-action are airing dubbed in Serbian, Croatian or Bosnian , while every other program is subtitled in Bosnian.
In Croatia , foreign films and TV series are always subtitled, while most children's programs and animated movies are dubbed into Croatian. The practice of dubbing began in the s in some animated shows and continued in 90's, 00's and forward in other shows and films, the latter ones being released in home media. Recently, more efforts have been made to introduce dubbing, but public reception has been poor in some exceptions.
Regardless of language, Croatian audiences prefer subtitling to dubbing, however it is still popular in animated films. Some previously popular shows such as Sailor Moon lost their appeal completely after the practice of dubbing began, and the dubbing was eventually removed from the programs, even though most animated shows shown on television and some on home media have been well received by people watching dubbed versions of them.
This situation is similar with theater movies, with only those intended for children being dubbed such as Finding Nemo and Shark Tale , but nowadays are shown in dubbed versions. Some of Croatian dubbing is also broadcast in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Estonia in cinemas, only children's animated films are dubbed and live-action films are shown in the original English and Russian languages with subtitles at cinemas.
Subtitles are usually presented in both Estonian and Russian languages. Cartoons and animated series voiced by dubbing or voiceover and live-action films and television series only with Estonian subtitles also but with English and Russian Dub Languages. Animated films are commonly shown in both the originals and Russian languages and dubbed into Estonian or Russian in many cinemas.
Most Estonian-language television channels use subtitles English and Russian Audio for foreign-language films and TV channels. However, Russian language channels tend to use dubbing more often, especially for Russian channels broadcast from Russia as opposed to Russian channels broadcast from Estonia.
In Greece , most cartoon films have dubs. Usually when a movie has a Greek dub the dub is shown in cinemas but subtitled versions are shown as well.
Foreign TV shows for adults are shown in their original versions with subtitles, most cartoons, for example, The Flintstones and The Jetsons were always dubbed, while Family Guy and American Dad! However, when Skai TV was re-launched in April , the network opted for dubbing almost all foreign shows in Greek, unlike other Greek channels which had always broadcast most of the programs in their original language with subtitles.
Ireland usually receives the same film versions as the UK. In the Netherlands , for the most part, Dutch versions are only made for children's and family films. Animated movies are shown in theaters with Dutch dubbing, but usually those cinemas with more screening rooms also provide the original subtitled version, such as movies like Finding Nemo , Shrek the Third and WALL-E.
North Macedonia dubbed many cartoons in Macedonian , but they also air some Serbian dubs. Children's programs are airing dubbed in Macedonian or Serbian , while every other program is subtitled in Macedonian.
They use Serbian dubs for Disney movies, because there are no Macedonian Disney dubs. In Poland , cinema releases for general audiences are almost exclusively subtitled, with the exception of children's movies, and television screenings of movies, as well as made-for-TV shows. These are usually shown with voice-over, where a voice talent reads a translation over the original soundtrack. This method, called "juxtareading," is similar to the so-called Gavrilov translation in Russia, with one difference—all dialogues are voiced by one off-screen reader Polish : lektor , preferably with a deep and neutral voice which does not interfere with the pitch of voice of the original speakers in the background.
To some extent, it resembles live translation. Certain highly qualified voice talents are traditionally assigned to particular kinds of production, such as action or drama. Standard dubbing is not widely popular with most audiences, with the exception of cartoons and children's shows, which are dubbed also for TV releases.
It is claimed that, until around , there were no revoiced foreign movies available in Poland. Instead, they were exclusively subtitled in Polish.
Poland's dubbing traditions began between the two world wars. The first film dubbed that year was Russkiy Vopros filmed Polish dubbing in the first post-war years suffered from poor synchronization. Polish dialogues were not always audible and the cinema equipment of that time often made films sound less clear than they were.
In the s, Polish publicists discussed the quality of Polish versions of foreign movies. The number of dubbed movies and the quality improved. Polish dubbing had a golden age between the s and the s. Approximately a third of foreign movies screened in cinemas were dubbed.
The "Polish dubbing school" was known for its high quality. In that time, Poland had some of the best dubbing in the world. The person who initiated high-quality dubbing versions was director Zofia Dybowska-Aleksandrowicz. In that time, dubbing in Poland was very popular. In the s, due to budget cuts, state-run TV saved on tapes by voicing films over live during transmission. Overall, during —, almost 1, films were dubbed in Polish.
In the s, dubbing films and TV series continued, although often also for one emission only. In the s, dubbing was done by the television channel known as Wizja Jeden. Wizja Jeden was closed in One of the major breakthroughs in dubbing was the Polish release of Shrek , which contained many references to local culture and Polish humor.
Since then, people seem to have grown to like dubbed versions more, and pay more attention to the dubbing actors. In the case of DVD releases , most discs contain both the original soundtrack and subtitles, and either voice over or dubbed Polish track.
The dubbed version is, in most cases, the one from the theater release, while voice-over is provided for movies that were only subtitled in theaters. However, when a dub is produced but the film's target audience is not exclusively children, both dubbed and subtitled versions are usually available in movie theaters.
The dubbed versions are more commonly shown in morning and early afternoon hours, with the subtitled version dominating in the evening. Both can be available in parallel at similar hours in multiplexes. In Portugal , dubbing was banned under a law as a way of protecting the domestic film industry and reduce the access to culture as most of the population was illiterate.
This lack of interest was justified, since there were already quality dubbed copies of shows and movies in Portuguese made by Brazilians. The Lion King was the first feature film to be dubbed in European Portuguese rather than strictly Brazilian Portuguese. Currently, all movies for children are dubbed in European Portuguese. Subtitles are preferred in Portugal, [21] used in every foreign-language documentary , TV series and film. The exception to this preference is when children are the target audience.
While on TV, children's shows and movies are always dubbed, in cinemas, films with a clear juvenile target can be found in two versions, one dubbed identified by the letters V. This duality applies only to juvenile films. Others use subtitles only. While the quality of these dubs is recognized some have already received international recognition and prizes , original versions with subtitles are usually preferred by the adults Bee Movie , for example.
Dubbing cartoons aimed at adults such as The Simpsons or South Park is less common. Presently, live action series and movies are always shown in their original language format with Portuguese subtitles. There are also a few examples of anime who were dubbed in European Portuguese i.
In Romania , virtually all programs intended for children are dubbed in Romanian , including cartoons, live-action movies and TV series on Disney Channel , Netflix , Cartoon Network , Minimax , and Nickelodeon , as well as those shown on general television networks, children-focused series such as Power Rangers , Goosebumps , The New Addams Family , The Planet's Funniest Animals or movies screened on children's television.
Animated movies are shown in theaters with Romanian dubbing. However, those cinemas with more screening rooms usually also provide the original subtitled version. Other foreign TV shows and movies are shown in the original language with Romanian subtitles. Subtitles are usually preferred in the Romanian market. According to "Special Eurobarometer " graph QA However, according to the same Eurobarometer, virtually no Romanian found this method—watching movies in their original version—to be the most efficient way to learn foreign languages, compared to 53 percent who preferred language lessons at school.
TV Paprika used to broadcast voice-overed programmes, but it was replaced with subtitles. Some adverts that are broadcast on TV are also dubbed with voice-over; but the films are subtitled.
Examples shown here, at , , and In Romania, foreign language television programs and films are generally subtitled rather than dubbed. Serbian language dubs are made mainly for Serbia , but they broadcast in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina , too. Children's animated and some live-action movies and TV series are dubbed into Serbian, while live-action films and TV series for adults are always airing subtitled, because in this region people prefer subtitling for live-action formats.
Turkish soap opera Lale Devri started airing dubbed in , on RTV Pink , but because of bad reception, dub failed and rest of TV series was aired subtitled.
These phrases became immensely popular and are still being used for tongue-in-cheek comments in specific situations. These dubs are today considered cult dubs. The only dub made after s and s ones that's considered cult is SpongeBob SquarePants dub, made by B92 in period —, because of a great popularity and memorable translation with local humor phrases, such as s dubs translation.
Some Serbian dubs are also broadcast in North Macedonia , while cult dubs made during Yugoslavia were aired all over the country today's Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Slovenia , North Macedonia and Serbia. In Slovenia , all foreign films and television programs are subtitled with the exception of children's movies and TV shows both animated or live-action.
While dubbed versions are always shown in cinemas and later on TV channels, cinemas will sometimes play subtitled versions of children's movies as well. In the United Kingdom , the vast majority of foreign language films are subtitled, although mostly animated films are dubbed in English.
These usually originate from North America , as opposed to being dubbed locally. Foreign language serials shown on BBC Four are subtitled into English although open subtitles are dropped during dialogues with English language segments already. When airing films on television, channels in the UK often choose subtitling over dubbing, even if a dubbing in English exists.
It is also a fairly common practice for animation aimed at preschool children to be re-dubbed with British voice actors replacing the original voices, such as Spin Master Entertainment's PAW Patrol series, although this is not done with shows aimed at older audiences.
The off-screen narrated portions of some programs and reality shows that originate from North America are also redone with British English voices. The Bavarian show on Netflix, Freud , has also been dubbed to English. Hinterland displays a not so common example of a bilingual production. Each scene is filmed twice, in the English and Welsh languages, apart from a few scenes where Welsh with subtitles is used for the English version.
In the Nordic countries , dubbing is used only in animated features except adult animated features and other films for younger audiences. Some cinemas in the major cities may also screen the original version, usually as the last showing of the day, or in a smaller auditorium in a multiplex.
In television programs with off-screen narration, both the original audio and on-screen voices are usually subtitled in their native languages. The Nordic countries are often treated as a common market issuing DVD and Blu-ray releases with original audio and user choosable subtitle options in Danish , Finnish , Norwegian and Swedish.
The covers often have text in all four languages as well, but are sometimes unique for each country. German, Greek, Hungarian or Italian. Children's films typically have Nordic audio tracks in all four languages, as well as original audio in most cases.
Most DVD and Blu-ray releases usually only have the original audio, except for children's films, which have both Finnish and Swedish language tracks, in addition to the original audio and subtitles in both languages. In Finnish movie theaters, films for adult audiences have both Finnish and Swedish subtitles, the Finnish printed in basic font and the Swedish printed below the Finnish in a cursive font.
In the early ages of television, foreign TV shows and movies were voiced by narrator in Finland. Later, subtitles became a practice on Finnish television. Dubbing of films other than children's films is unpopular in Finland, as in many other countries. A good example is The Simpsons Movie. While the original version was well-received, the Finnish-dubbed version received poor reviews, with some critics even calling it a disaster.
In Iceland , the dubbed version of film and TV is usually Danish with some translated into Icelandic. LazyTown , an Icelandic TV show originally broadcast in English, was dubbed into Icelandic, amongst thirty-two other languages. In the Turkish , French , Italian , Spanish , German , Czech , Slovak , Hungarian , Polish , Russian and Ukrainian language -speaking markets of Europe , almost all foreign films and television shows are dubbed the exception being the majority of theatrical releases of adult-audience movies in the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Poland and Turkey and high-profile videos in Russia.
There are few opportunities to watch foreign movies in their original versions. In Spain , Italy , Germany and Austria , even in the largest cities, there are few cinemas that screen original versions with subtitles , or without any translation. However, digital pay-TV programming is often available in the original language, including the latest movies. Prior to the rise of DVDs, which in these countries are mostly issued with multi-language audio tracks, original-language films those in languages other than the country's official language were rare, whether in theaters, on TV, or on home video, and subtitled versions were considered a product for small niche markets such as intellectual or art films.
In France , dubbing is the norm. Most movies with a theatrical release, including all those from major distributors, are dubbed. Those that are not, are foreign independent films whose budget for international distribution is limited, or foreign art films with a niche audience.
A minority of theaters usually small ones screen exclusively in the original language. In addition, dubbing is required [ clarification needed ] for home entertainment and television screenings. However, since the advent of digital television , foreign programs are broadcast to television viewers in both languages sometimes, French with audio description is also aired ; while the French-language track is selected by default, viewers can switch to the original-language track and enable French subtitles.
As a special case, the binational television channel Arte broadcasts both the French and German dubbings and subtitles, in addition to the original-language version. Some voice actors that have dubbed for celebrities in the European French language are listed below. In Italy , dubbing is systematic, with a tradition going back to the s in Rome , Milan , Florence and Turin. In Mussolini's fascist Italy, release of movies in foreign languages was banned in for political reasons.
Rome is the principal base of the dubbing industry, where major productions such as movies, drama, documentaries and some cartoons are dubbed. However, dubbing in Milan is mostly of cartoons and some minor productions.
Practically every foreign film mostly American ones of every genre, for children or adults, as well as TV shows, are dubbed into Italian. In big cities, original-version movies can also be seen in some theaters but it is not so common.
Subtitles may be available on late-night programs on mainstream TV channels, and on pay-TV all movies are available in the original language with Italian subtitles, many shows featuring their original soundtracks. Early in their careers, actors such as Alberto Sordi or Nino Manfredi worked extensively as dubbing actors. At one point, common practice in Italian cinema was to shoot scenes MOS motor only sync or motor only shot and dub the dialogue in post-production.
A notable example of this practice is The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly , in which all actors had to dub in their own voices. Video games are generally either dubbed into Italian for instance, the Assassin's Creed , Halo , and Harry Potter series or released with the original audio tracks providing Italian subtitles. The most important Italian voice actors and actresses, as long as the main celebrities dubbed in their career, are listed below.
In Spain , practically all foreign television programs are shown dubbed in European Spanish , as are most films. Currently, with the spread of digital terrestrial television , viewers can choose between the original and the dubbed soundtracks for most movies and television.
In some communities such as Catalonia , Galicia and Basque Country , some foreign programs are also dubbed into their own languages, different from European Spanish. Films from the Spanish-speaking America shown in these communities are shown in their original language, while strong regional accents from the Spanish-speaking America or from Spain may be subtitled in news and documentaries. The Germanophone dubbing market is the largest in Europe.
In Germany and Austria, practically all films, shows, television series and foreign soap operas are shown in dubbed versions created for the German market. Dubbing films is a traditional and common practice in German-speaking Europe, since subtitles are not accepted and used as much as in other European countries. According to a European study, Austria is the country with the highest rejection rate more than 70 percent of subtitles, followed by Italy, Spain and Germany.
Unlike in Austria and Germany, cinemas in German-speaking Switzerland historically strongly preferred subtitled versions of foreign-language films. Swiss film distributors commissioned dual-language prints with both German and French subtitles as the primary version, with the dubbed version also shown. In recent years, however, there has been a shift towards dubbed versions, which now account for the majority of showings.
Swiss and Austrian television stations have increasingly been broadcasting foreign-language movies and TV programs with multiple soundtracks , allowing the viewer to choose between the original language e. English and the channel's local language German, French, or Italian, according to the location.
Although German-speaking voice actors play only a secondary role, they are still notable for providing familiar voices to well-known actors.
Famous foreign actors are known and recognized for their German voice, and the German audience is used to them, so dubbing is also a matter of authenticity. However, in larger cities, there are theaters where movies can be seen in their original versions, as English has become somewhat more popular among young educated viewers.
On German mainstream television, films are never broadcast with subtitles, but pay-per-view programming is often available in the original language. Subtitled niche and art films are sometimes aired on smaller networks.
German-dubbed versions sometimes diverge greatly from the original, especially in adding humorous elements absent from the original. In extreme cases, such as The Persuaders! Often, translation adds sexually explicit gags the U. For example, in Bewitched , the translators changed "The Do Not Disturb sign will hang on the door tonight" to "The only hanging thing tonight will be the Do Not Disturb sign".
Some movies dubbed in Austria diverge from the German Standard version in addressing other people but only when the movies are dubbed into certain Austrian dialect versions.
Sometimes even English pronounced first names are translated and are pronounced into the correct German equivalent English name "Bert" became Southern German pronounced name "Bertl" which is an abbreviation for any name either beginning or even ending with "bert", e. Some movies dubbed before reunification exist in different versions for the east and the west. They use different translations, and often differ in the style of dubbing.
In Slovakia , home media market, Czech dubbed versions are widely used, with only children's films and some few exceptions for example Independence Day that have been dubbed for cinema being released with Slovak dubbing. Czech dubbing was also extensively used in the broadcast of Slovak television channels, but since Slovak language laws require any newer shows understood as the first television broadcast in Slovakia to be provided with Slovak localization dubbing or subtitles ; since then, television broadcasts of films, TV series and cartoons have been dubbed into Slovak.
In Hungary , dubbing is almost universally common. Almost every foreign movie or TV show released in Hungary is dubbed into Hungarian. In the socialist era, every film was dubbed with professional and mostly popular actors. Care was taken to make sure the same voice actor would lend his voice to the same original actor. In the early s, as cinemas tried to keep up with showing newly released films, subtitling became dominant in the cinema.
This, in turn, forced TV channels to make their own cheap versions of dubbed soundtracks for the movies they presented, resulting in a constant degrading of dubbing quality. Once this became customary, cinema distributors resumed the habit of dubbing for popular productions, presenting them in a below-average quality. However, every feature is presented with the original soundtrack in at least one cinema in large towns and cities.
However, in Hungary, most documentary films and series for example, those on Discovery Channel , National Geographic Channel are made with voiceovers.
Some old movies and series, or ones that provide non-translatable jokes and conversations for example, the Mr. Bean television series , are shown only with subtitles. There is a more recent problem arising from dubbing included on DVD releases.
Many generations have grown up with an original and, by current technological standards, outdated soundtrack, which is either technologically mono or bad quality stereo sound or legally expired soundtrack license unsuitable for a DVD release. Many original features are released on DVD with a new soundtrack, which in some cases proves to be extremely unpopular, thus forcing DVD producers to include the original soundtrack.
In some rare cases, the Hungarian soundtrack is left out altogether. This happens notably with Warner Home Video Hungary, which ignored the existence of Hungarian soundtracks completely, as they did not want to pay the licenses for the soundtracks to be included on their new DVD releases, which appear with improved picture quality, but very poor subtitling.
Russian television is generally dubbed, but some cases use the voice-over dub technique with only a couple of voice actors, with the original speech still audible underneath.
In the Soviet Union , most foreign movies to be officially released were dubbed. Voice-over dub was invented in the Soviet Union in the s when with the fall of the regime, many popular foreign movies, previously forbidden, or at least questionable under communist rule, started to flood in, in the form of low-quality home-copied videos.
Being unofficial releases, they were dubbed in a very primitive way. For example, the translator spoke the text directly over the audio of a video being copied, using primitive equipment.
The quality of the resulting dub was very low, the translated phrases were off-sync, interfering with the original voices, background sounds leaked into the track, translation was inaccurate and, most importantly, all dub voices were made by a single person who usually lacked the intonation of the original, making comprehension of some scenes quite difficult.
This method of translation exerted a strong influence on Russian pop culture. Voices of translators became recognizable for generations. In modern Russia, the overdubbing technique is still used in many cases, although with vastly improved quality, and now with multiple voice actors dubbing different original voices. Video games are generally either dubbed into Russian such as the Legend of Spyro trilogy, the Skylanders series, the Assassin's Creed saga, the Halo series, the Harry Potter series, etc.
The technique of non-voiceover dubbing, without the original speech still audible underneath, has also gained traction in Russia in the 21st century. Releases of films in cinemas are almost always dubbed in the Russian language. Television series are typically shown as a dubbed or voiceovered translation.
Subtitles are not used at all. For television, TV channels usually release movies and TV-shows with a Ukrainian voiceover, although certain high-profile films and TV shows are dubbed rather than voice-overe'ed.
In the past Russian-language films, TV series, cartoons, animated series and TV programs were usually not dubbed but were shown with the original audio with Ukrainian subtitles.
However, this practice has been slowly abandoned since the late s: all children's films and cartoons regardless of the original language including Russian are always dubbed into Ukrainian; example of the first Russian cartoons dubbed into Ukrainian for the cinematic-release is The Snow Queen 2 , A Warrior's Tail , Volki i Ovtsy: Be-e-e-zumnoe prevrashenie , Ivan Tsarevich i Seryy Volk 3 , Bremenskie razboyniki , The Snow Queen 3: Fire and Ice , Fantastic Journey to OZ , Fixies: Top Secret etc.
In Latvia and Lithuania , only children's movies get dubbed in the cinema, while many live-action movies for an older audience use voice-over. In recent years however, many cartoons have been dubbed into Latvian and Lithuanian for TV. But some other kids shows, like SpongeBob SquarePants , use the voice-over. In the United States and English-speaking Canada, live-action foreign films are usually shown in theaters with their original languages and English subtitles.
It is because live-action dubbed movies rarely did well in United States box office since the s. The United States theatrical release of Wolfgang Peterson's Das Boot was the last major release to go out in both original and English-dubbed versions, and the film's original version actually grossed much higher than the English-dubbed version. On the other hand, anime is almost always released in English-dubbed format, regardless of its content or target age group.
The exceptions to this practice are either when an English dub has not been produced for the program usually in the case of feature films or when the program is being presented by a network that places importance on presenting it in its original format as was the case when Turner Classic Movies aired several of Hayao Miyazaki 's works, which were presented both dubbed and subtitled.
Most anime DVDs contain options for original Japanese, Japanese with subtitles, and English-dubbed, except for a handful of series that have been heavily edited or Americanized. In addition, Disney has a policy that makes its directors undergo stages to perfect alignment of certain lip movements so the movie looks believable. In addition, a small number of British films have been re-dubbed when released in the United States, due to the usage of dialects which Americans are not familiar with for example, Kes and Trainspotting.
However, British children's shows such as Thomas and Friends and Bob the Builder have historically always been re-dubbed with American voice actors in order to make the series more understandable for American children. This slowly fell out of practice since the late s.
With the rising popularity of British children's shows such as Peppa Pig , which airs undubbed on Nick Jr. The most recent of such re-dubs is season 9 of Fireman Sam , whose dub is currently an Amazon Prime exclusive - on linear TV, the show airs undubbed.
Conversely, British programs shown in Canada are not re-dubbed. Some live-action television shows shown in the US have Spanish dubs. These are accessible though the SAP secondary audio program function of the television unit. Occasionally, the dubbing of a series or a movie, such as The Simpsons , is made using the more widely spoken joual variety of Quebec French.
Dubbing has the advantage of making children's films and TV series more comprehensible to younger audiences. In addition, all films are shown in English, as well in certain theaters especially in major cities and English-speaking areas such as the West Island , and some theatres, such as the Scotiabank Cinema Montreal , show only movies in English. Most American television series are only available in English on DVD , or on English-language channels, but some of the more popular ones have French dubs shown on mainstream networks, and are released in French on DVD as well, sometimes separately from an English-only version.
Formerly, all French-language dubbed films in Quebec were imported from France and some still are. Such a practice was criticized by former politician Mario Dumont after he took his children to see the Parisian French dub of Shrek the Third , which Dumont found incomprehensible. In addition, because Canadian viewers usually find Quebec French more comprehensible than other dialects of the language, some older film series that had the French-language versions of previous installments dubbed in France have had later ones dubbed in Quebec, often creating inconsistencies within the French version of the series' canon.
Lucasfilm 's Star Wars and Indiana Jones series are examples. However, later films in both series released and later were dubbed in Quebec, using different voice actors and "reversing" name changes made in France's dubbings due to the change in studio. For Spanish-speaking countries, all foreign-language programs, films, cartoons and documentaries shown on free-to-air TV networks are dubbed into Standard Spanish , while broadcasts on cable and satellite pan-regional channels are either dubbed or subtitled.
In theaters, children's movies and most blockbuster films are dubbed into Standard Spanish also known as Mexican Spanish , and are sometimes further dubbed into regional dialects of Spanish where they are released. In Mexico , by law, films shown in theaters must be shown in their original version. Films in languages other than Spanish are usually subtitled. Only educational documentaries and movies rated for children, as well as some movies that are expected to have a wide audience for example, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King or The Avengers may be dubbed, but this is not compulsory, and some animated films are shown in theaters in both dubbed and subtitled versions for instance, some DreamWorks productions.
Nonetheless, a recent trend in several cinemas is to offer the dubbed versions only, with a stark decrease in the showing of the original ones. Dubbing must be made in Mexico by Mexican nationals or foreigners residing in Mexico. Most movies released on DVD feature neutral Spanish as a language option, and sometimes feature a specific dub for Mexican audiences for example, Rio. Foreign programs are dubbed on broadcast TV , while on pay TV most shows and movies are subtitled.
In a similar way to cinemas, in the last few years many channels on pay TV have begun to broadcast programs and films only in their dubbed version.
Dubbing became very popular in the s with the rise in popularity of anime in Mexico. The popularity of pay TV has allowed people to view several series in their original language rather than dubbed.
Dubbing has been criticized for the use of TV or movie stars as voice actors such as Ricky Martin in Disney's Hercules , or Eugenio Derbez in DreamWorks' Shrek , or for the incorrect use of local popular culture that sometimes creates unintentional jokes or breaks the feeling of the original work such as translating Sheldon Cooper 's "Bazinga!
Several video games have been dubbed into neutral Spanish, rather than European Spanish, in Mexico such as the Gears of War series, Halo 3 , Infamous 2 and others. Sony recently announced that more games such as God of War: Ascension will be dubbed into neutral Spanish. In Peru , all foreign series, movies, and animated programming are shown dubbed in Latin American Spanish, with dubs imported from Mexico, Chile, Colombia and Venezuela on terrestrial and pay-television.
Most movies intended for kids are being offered as dub-only movies, while most films aimed at older audiences are being offered dubbed and subtitled in Spanish. Also, at most theaters, kids films on rare occasions subtitled are commonly shown at nighttime.
Most subtitled Pay-TV channels show both dubbed and subtitled version of every film they broadcast, being offered with a separate subtitle track and a second audio track in English. There is an increase of people preferring subtitle films and series rather than dubbed starting the lates, as Peruvians viewers tend to get used to their original version. Peru used to do not produce their own dubs since dubbing studios never existed in that country until , when the company "Big Bang Films" started to dub movies and series, however, since a group of dubbing actors created a group called "Torre A Doblaje", who is a group of actors who gives dubbing and locution service.
In Brazil , foreign programs are invariably dubbed into Brazilian Portuguese on free-to-air TV , with only a few exceptions. Films shown at cinemas are generally offered with both subtitled and dubbed versions, with dubbing frequently being the only choice for children's movies.
Subtitling was primarily for adult audience movies until Since then, dubbed versions also became available for all ages. As a result, in recent years, more cinemas have opened in Brazil, attracting new audiences to the cinema who prefer dubbing. By the end of the s, most of the movies, TV series and cartoons on television in Brazil were shown in its original sound and subtitles.
This measure boosted the growth of dubbing in Brazil, and has led to several dubbing studios since then. In the 90s, with Saint Seiya, Dragon Ball and other anime shows becoming popular in Brazilian TVs, the voice actors and the dubbing career gained a higher space in Brazilian culture. Pay TV commonly offers both dubbed and subtitled movies, with statistics showing that dubbed versions are becoming predominant. Most video games are dubbed in Brazilian Portuguese rather than having European Portuguese dubs alone.
This is because despite the dropping of the dubbing law in Portugal in , most companies in that country use the Brazilian Portuguese because of traditional usage during the days of the dubbing rule, along with these dubbings being more marketable than European Portuguese.
A list that showcases Brazilian Portuguese voice artists that dub for actors and actresses are displayed here. However, there can also be different official dub artists for certain regions within Brazil. China has a long tradition of dubbing foreign films into Mandarin Chinese , starting in the s. While during the Republic of China era Western motion pictures may have been imported and dubbed into Chinese, since Soviet movies , dubbed primarily in Shanghai, became the main import.
The Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio has been the most well-known studio in the film dubbing industry in China. In order to generate high-quality products, they divide each film into short segments, each one lasting only a few minutes, and then work on the segments one-by-one.
In addition to the correct meaning in translation, they make tremendous effort to match the lips of the actors to the dialogue. As a result, the dubbing in these films generally is not readily detected. The cast of dubbers is acknowledged at the end of a dubbed film. In recent years, however, especially in the larger cities on the east and south coasts, it has become increasingly common for movie theaters to show subtitled versions with the original soundtracks intact.
Motion pictures are also dubbed into the languages of some of China's autonomous regions. In the early decades, it would dub 25 to 30 movies each year, the number rising to by the early s.
Chinese television dramas are often dubbed to Standard Mandarin by professional voice actors for a number of reasons. Taiwan dubs some foreign films and TV series in Mandarin Chinese. Until the mids, the major national terrestrial channels both dubbed and subtitled all foreign programs and films and, for some popular programs, the original voices were offered in second audio program.
Gradually, however, both terrestrial and cable channels stopped dubbing for prime time U. In the s, the dubbing practice has differed depending on the nature and origin of the program. Animations, children's shows and some educational programs on PTS are mostly dubbed. English live-action movies and shows are not dubbed in theaters or on television. Japanese TV dramas are no longer dubbed, while Korean dramas, Hong Kong dramas and dramas from other Asian countries are still often dubbed.
Korean variety shows are not dubbed. Japanese and Korean films on Asian movie channels are still dubbed. In theaters, most foreign films are not dubbed, while animated films and some films meant for children offer a dubbed version. Hong Kong live-action films have a long tradition of being dubbed into Mandarin, while more famous films offer a Cantonese version. In Hong Kong , foreign television programs, except for English-language and Mandarin television programs, are dubbed in Cantonese.
English-language and Mandarin programs are generally shown in their original with subtitles. Foreign films, such as most live-action and animated films such as anime and Disney , are usually dubbed in Cantonese.
However most cinemas also offer subtitled versions of English-language films. For the most part, foreign films and TV programs, both live-action and animated, are generally dubbed in both Mandarin and Cantonese.
For the Cantonese localization, there were actually two dubs for Hong Kong and Macau. In Israel , only children's movies and TV programming are dubbed in Hebrew. In programs aimed at teenagers and adults, dubbing is rarely considered for translation, not only because of its high costs, but also because the audience is mainly multi-lingual.
Most viewers in Israel speak at least one European language in addition to Hebrew, and a large part of the audience also speaks Arabic. Therefore, most viewers prefer to hear the original soundtrack, aided by Hebrew subtitles. Another problem is that dubbing does not allow for translation into two different languages simultaneously, as is often the case of Israeli television channels that use subtitles in Hebrew and another language like Russian simultaneously.
In Japan, many television programs appear on Japanese television subtitled or dubbed if they are intended for children. When the American film Morocco was released in Japan in , subtitles became the mainstream method of translating TV programs and films in Japan. Later, around the s, foreign television programs and films began to be shown dubbed in Japanese on television.
The first ones to be dubbed into Japanese were the s Superman cartoons in Due to the lack of video software for domestic television, video software was imported from abroad. When the television program was shown on television, it was mostly dubbed. There was a character limit for a small TV screen at a lower resolution, and this method was not suitable for the poor elderly and illiterate eye, as was audio dubbing. Presently, TV shows and movies both those aimed at all ages and adults-only are shown dubbed with the original language and Japanese subtitles, while providing the original language option when the same film is released on VHS , DVD and Blu-ray.
Laserdisc releases of Hollywood films were almost always subtitled, films alike Godzilla: King of the Monsters. South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut was dubbed in Japanese by different actors instead of the same Japanese dubbing-actors from the cartoon because it was handled by a different Japanese dubbing studio, and it was marketed for the Kansai market.
In Japanese theaters, foreign-language movies, except those intended for children, are usually shown in their original version with Japanese subtitles.
Foreign films usually contain multiple Japanese-dubbing versions, but with several different original Japanese-dubbing voice actors, depending upon which TV station they are aired.
As for recent foreign films being released, there are now some film theaters in Japan that show both dubbed and subtitled editions. On 22 June , 20th Century Fox 's Japanese division has opened up a Blu-ray lineup known as "Emperor of Dubbing", dedicated at having multiple Japanese dubs of popular English-language films mostly Hollywood films as well as retaining the original scripts, releasing them altogether in special Blu-ray releases.
These also feature a new dub created exclusively for that release as a director's cut, or a new dub made with a better surround sound mix to match that of the original English mix as most older Japanese dubbings were made on mono mixes to be aired on TV.
Other companies have followed practice, like Universal Pictures's Japanese division NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan opening up "Reprint of Memories", along with Warner Bros Japan having "Power of Dubbing", which act in a similar way by re-packaging all the multiple Japanese dubs of popular films and putting them out as Special Blu-ray releases.
In South Korea, anime that are imported from Japan are generally shown dubbed in Korean on television. However, some anime is censored, such as Japanese letters or content being edited for a suitable Korean audience. Several English-language mostly American live-action films are dubbed in Korean , but they are not shown in theaters. This may be due to the fact that the six American major film studios may not own any rights to the Korean dubs of their live-action films that the Korean television networks have dubbed and aired.
Sometimes, video games are dubbed in Korean. In Thailand , foreign television programs are dubbed in Thai , but the original soundtrack is often simultaneously carried on a NICAM audio track on terrestrial broadcast, and alternate audio tracks on satellite broadcast.
Previously, terrestrial stations simulcasted the original soundtrack on the radio. Movie theaters in Bangkok and some larger cities show both the subtitled version and the dubbed version of English-language movies. In big cities like Bangkok, Thai-language movies have English subtitles.
This list features a collection of Thai voice actors and actresses that have dubbed for these featured performers.
Unlike movie theaters in most Asian countries, those in Indonesia show foreign movies with subtitles. Then a few months or years later, those movies appear on TV either dubbed in Indonesian or subtitled. Kids shows are mostly dubbed, though even in cartoon series, songs typically aren't dubbed, but in big movies such as Disney movies, both speaking and singing voice were cast for the new Indonesian dub even though it took maybe a few months or even years for the movie to come out.
Adult films was mostly subtitled, but sometimes they can be dubbed as well and because there aren't many Indonesian voices, especially in dubbed movies, three characters can have the exact same voice.
Reality shows are never dubbed in Indonesian, because they are not a planned interaction like with movies and TV shows, so if they appear in TV, they will be appear with subtitles.
In the Philippines, media practitioners generally have mixed practices regarding whether to dub television programs or films, even within the same kind of medium. TV or film, free or pay-TV. The prevalence of media needing to be dubbed has resulted in a talent pool that is very capable of syncing voice to lip, especially for shows broadcast by the country's three largest networks.
It is not uncommon in the Filipino dub industry to have most of the voices in a series dubbing by only a handful of voice talents. Programs originally in English used to usually air in their original language on free-to-air television. Animated Disney films are often dubbed in Filipino except for the singing scenes, which are shown in their original language though in recent years, there has been an increase in number of Disney musicals having their songs also translated such as Frozen.
Dramas from Asia particularly Greater China and Korea and Latin America called Asianovelas , and Mexicanovelas , respectively have always been dubbed into Filipino or another Philippine regional language, and each program from these genres feature their unique set of Filipino-speaking voice actors.
However, some pay-TV channels specialize in showing foreign shows and films dubbed into Filipino. Nat Geo Wild airs most programs dubbed into Filipino for Philippine audiences, being one of the few cable channels to do so. The defunct channel HERO TV , which focuses on anime and tokusatsu shows and now a web portal, dubs all its foreign programs into Filipino.
This is in contrast to Animax, where their anime programs are dubbed in English. Foreign films, especially English films shown in local cinemas, are almost always shown in their original language. Non-English foreign films make use of English subtitles. Unlike other countries, children's films originally in English are not dubbed in cinemas. In India , where "foreign films" are synonymous with " Hollywood films ", dubbing is done mostly in Hindi , Tamil and Telugu.
Dubbing is rarely done with the other major Indian languages, namely Malayalam and Bengali , due to lack of significant market size. Despite this, some Kannada and Malayalam dubs of children television programs can be seen on the Sun TV channel.
The dubbed versions are released into the towns and lower tier settlements of the respective states where English penetration is low , often with the English-language originals released in the metropolitan areas. In all other states, the English originals are released along with the dubbed versions, where often the dubbed version collections are more outstanding than the originals.
Spider-Man 3 was also done in the Bhojpuri language , a language popular in eastern India in addition to Hindi, Tamil and Telugu. A Good Day to Die Hard , the most recent installment in the Die Hard franchise, was the first ever Hollywood film to receive a Punjabi language dub as well.
Most TV channels mention neither the Indian-language dubbing credits, nor its staff, at the end of the original ending credits, since changing the credits casting for the original actors or voice actors involves a huge budget for modifying, making it somewhat difficult to find information for the dubbed versions.
The same situation is encountered for films. Sometimes foreign programs and films receive more than one dub, such as for example, Jumanji , Dragonheart and Van Helsing having two Hindi dubs. Information for the Hindi, Tamil and Telugu voice actors who have done the voices for specific actors and for their roles on foreign films and television programs are published in local Indian data magazines, for those that are involved in the dubbing industry in India.
But on a few occasions, there are some foreign productions that do credit the dubbing cast, such as animated films like the Barbie films, and some Disney films. Disney Channel original series released on DVD with their Hindi dubs show a list of the artists in the Hindi dub credits, after the original ending credits.
Theatrical releases and VCD releases of foreign films do not credit the dubbing cast or staff. The DVD releases, however, do have credits for the dubbing staff, if they are released multilingual. As of recently, information for the dubbing staff of foreign productions have been expanding due to high demands of people wanting to know the voice actors behind characters in foreign works.
In Pakistan "foreign films", and cartoons are not normally dubbed locally. Instead, foreign films, anime and cartoons, such as those shown on Nickelodeon Pakistan and Cartoon Network Pakistan , are dubbed in Hindi in India, as Hindi and Urdu , the national language of Pakistan, are mutually intelligible. However, soap operas from Turkey are now dubbed in Urdu and have gained increased popularity at the expense of Indian soap operas in Hindi.
In Vietnam , foreign-language films and programs are subtitled on television in Vietnamese. They were not dubbed until , but are briefly translated with a speaker before commercial breaks. Rio was considered to be the very first American Hollywood film to be entirely dubbed in Vietnamese. Since then, children's films that came out afterwards have been released dubbed in theaters.
HTV3 has dubbed television programs for children, including Ben 10 , and Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide , by using various voice actors to dub over the character roles.
Sooner afterwards, more programs started to get dubbed. HTV3 also offers anime dubbed into Vietnamese. Sailor Moon also recently has been dubbed for HTV3 in early In multilingual Singapore , dubbing is rare for western programs. English-language programs on the free-to-air terrestrial channels are usually subtitled in Chinese or Malay.
Chinese, Malay and Tamil programs except for news bulletins , usually have subtitles in English and the original language during the prime time hours. Dual sound programs, such as Korean and Japanese dramas, offer sound in the original languages with subtitles, Mandarin-dubbed and subtitled, or English-dubbed.
The deliberate policy to encourage Mandarin among citizens made it required by law for programs in other Chinese dialects Hokkien , Cantonese and Teochew to be dubbed into Mandarin, with the exception of traditional operas.
In a recent development, news bulletins are subtitled. In Iran , foreign films and television programs are dubbed in Persian. Dubbing began in with the advent of movies and cinemas in the country. Since then, foreign movies have always been dubbed for the cinema and TV.
Using various voice actors and adding local hints and witticisms to the original contents, dubbing played a major role in attracting people to the cinemas and developing an interest in other cultures. The dubbing art in Iran reached its apex during the s and s with the inflow of American, European and Hindi movies.
The most famous musicals of the time, such as My Fair Lady and The Sound of Music , were translated, adjusted and performed in Persian by the voice artists. Since the s, for political reasons and under pressure from the state, the dubbing industry has declined, with movies dubbed only for the state TV channels.
During recent years, DVDs with Persian subtitles have found a market among viewers for the same reason, but most people still prefer the Persian-speaking dubbed versions. Recently, privately operated companies started dubbing TV series by hiring famous dubbers. However, the dubs which these companies make are often unauthorized and vary greatly in terms of quality. In Georgia , original soundtracks are kept in films and TV series, but with voice-over translation.
There are exceptions, such as some children's cartoons. In Algeria , Morocco , and Tunisia, most foreign movies especially Hollywood productions are shown dubbed in French. These movies are usually imported directly from French film distributors. The choice of movies dubbed into French can be explained by the widespread use of the French language.
Another important factor is that local theaters and private media companies do not dub in local languages in order to avoid high costs, but also because of the lack of both expertise and demand.
However, dubbed films are still imported, and dubbing is performed in the Levant countries with a strong tradition of dubbing mainly Syria , Lebanon and Jordan. Egypt was the first Arabian country in charge of dubbing Disney movies in and used to do it exclusively in Egyptian Arabic rather than Modern Standard Arabic until , and since then many other companies started dubbing their productions in this dialect.
In Tunisia , the Tunisia National Television TNT , the public broadcaster of Tunisia, is not allowed to show any content in any language other than Arabic, which forces it to broadcast only dubbed content this restriction was recently removed for commercials.
However, in the private sector, television channels are not subject to the language rule. In South Africa , many television programs were dubbed in Afrikaans , with the original soundtrack usually in English, but sometimes Dutch or German " simulcast " in FM stereo on Radio As a result of the boycott by the British actors' union Equity , which banned the sale of most British television programs, the puppet series The Adventures of Rupert Bear was dubbed into South African English , as the original voices had been recorded by Equity voice artists.
This practice has declined as a result of the reduction of airtime for the language on SABC TV, and the increase of locally produced material in Afrikaans on other channels like KykNet.
Similarly, many programs, such as The Jeffersons , were dubbed into Zulu , [68] but this has also declined as local drama production has increased. However, some animated films, such as Maya the Bee , have been dubbed in both Afrikaans and Zulu by local artists. Kara Sevda which is Bittersoet. They also have Istanbullu Gelin which is Deur dik en deun. They have Yasak Elma which is Doodsondes.
They also have Elif. Uganda's own film industry is fairly small, and foreign movies are commonly watched. The English sound track is often accompanied by the Luganda translation and comments, provided by an Ugandan "video jockey" VJ.
VJ's interpreting and narration may be available in a recorded form or live. In common with other English-speaking countries, there has traditionally been little dubbing in Australia , with foreign language television programs and films being shown usually on SBS with subtitles or English dubs produced in other countries.
Moreover, the off-screen narration portions of some non-fiction programs originating from the UK or North America are re-dubbed by Australian voice talents to relay information in expressions that Australians can understand more easily.
Subtitles can be used instead of dubbing, as different countries have different traditions regarding the choice between dubbing and subtitling.
On DVDs with higher translation budgets, the option for both types will often be provided to account for individual preferences; purists often demand subtitles.
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