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It had a maximum speed over twice the speed of soundat Mach 2. First flown inConcorde entered service in and operated for 27 years. It is one of only two supersonic transports to have been operated nyv the other is the Soviet-built Tupolev Jet planes nyc ukwhich operated in the late s.

Jet planes nyc uk aircraft were built, including six prototypes and development aircraft. Air France and British Airways were the only airlines to purchase and fly Concorde. The aircraft was used mainly by wealthy passengers who could afford to pay a high price in exchange for the aircraft's speed and luxury service. With only seven airframes each being operated by the British and French, the per-unit cost was impossible to recoup, so the French and British jet planes nyc uk absorbed the development costs.

British Airways and Air France were able to operate Concorde at a profit after purchasing their aircraft from their respective governments at a steep discount in comparison to the program's development and procurement costs. The type was retired inthree years after the crash of Air France Flightin which all passengers and crew jet planes nyc uk killed.

The general downturn in the commercial aviation industry after the September 11 attacks in and the end of maintenance support for Concorde by Airbus also contributed to the retirement. The group met for the first time in February and delivered their first report in April At the time it was known that the drag at supersonic speeds jet planes nyc uk strongly related to the span of the wing.

Jet planes nyc uk team outlined a baseline configuration that looked like an enlarged Avro This same short span produced very little lift at low speed, which resulted in extremely long take-off runs and frighteningly high landing speeds.

This effect had been noticed earlier, notably by Chuck Yeager in the Convair XFbut its qualities had not been fully appreciated. Weber suggested that this was no mere curiosity, and the effect could be deliberately used to improve low speed performance. Although the delta had already been used on aircraft prior to this point, these designs used planforms that were plznes much different from a swept wing of the same span.

Such a layout would still have good supersonic performance inherent to the short span, while also offering reasonable take-off and landing speeds using vortex generation. Test pilot Eric Brown recalls Morgan's reaction to the presentation, saying that he immediately seized on it as the solution to the SST problem.

Brown considers this moment as being the true birth of the Concorde project. At the very first meeting, on 5 Novemberplanse decision was made to fund the development of a test bed aircraft to examine the low-speed performance of the slender delta, a contract that eventually produced the Handley Page HP. This jet planes nyc uk remain economically advantageous as jet planes nyc uk as fuel represented a small percentage of operational costs, as nyf did at the time.

STAC suggested that two designs naturally fell out jet planes nyc uk their work, a transatlantic model flying at about Mach 2, and a shorter-range version flying at perhaps Mach 1. To meet this schedule, development would need to begin jet planes nyc ukwith production contracts let in Ina study contract was awarded to Hawker Siddeley and Bristol for preliminary designs based on the slender delta concept, [23] which developed as the HSA.

Armstrong Whitworth also responded with an internal design, the M-Wing, for the lower-speed shorter-range category. Even at this early time, both the STAC group and the government were looking for partners to develop the designs. Each of these planforms had its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of aerodynamics. As they worked with these nhc, a practical concern grew to become so important that it forced selection of one of these designs.

Generally one wants to have the wing's centre of pressure CP, or "lift point" close to the aircraft's centre of gravity CG, or "balance point" to reduce the amount of jft force required to pitch the aircraft. As the aircraft layout changes during the design phase, it is common for the CG to move fore or aft. With a normal wing design this can be addressed by moving the wing slightly fore or aft to account for this.

Studying the various layouts in terms of CG changes, both during design and changes due to fuel use during flight, the ogee planform immediately came to the fore. While the wing planform was evolving, so was the basic SST concept. Bristol's original Type was a small design with an almost pure slender delta wing, [25] but evolved into the larger Type To test the new wing, NASA privately assisted the team by modifying a Douglas F5D Skylancer with temporary wing modifications to mimic the wing selection.

In the NASA test aircraft net tested the wing, and found that it reduced landing speeds ny over the standard delta wing. NASA Ames test center also ran simulations which showed that the aircraft would suffer a sudden change in pitch when entering ground effect. Ames test pilots later participated in a joint cooperative test with the French and British test pilots and found that the simulations had been correct, and this information was added to pilot training. By this time similar political and economic concerns in France had led to their own SST plans.

In the late s the government requested designs from both the government-owned Sud Aviation and Nord Aviationas well as Dassault.

Of the three, the Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle won the design contest with a medium-range jet planes nyc uk deliberately sized to avoid competition with transatlantic US designs they jet planes nyc uk were already on the drawing board.

As soon as the design was complete, in AprilPierre Satre, the company's technical director, was sent to Jet planes nyc uk to discuss a partnership. Bristol was surprised to find that the Sud team had designed a very similar aircraft after considering the SST problem and coming to the very same conclusions as the Bristol and STAC teams in terms of economics.

Sud made minor changes to the paper, and presented it as their own work. Unsurprisingly, the two teams found much to agree on. The French had no modern large jet engines, and had already concluded they would buy a British design anyway as they had on the earlier subsonic Caravelle. This lower speed would also speed development and allow their design to fly before the Americans. The only disagreements were over the size and range. The UK team jet planes nyc uk still focused on a passenger jet planes nyc uk serving transatlantic routes, while the French jet planes nyc uk deliberately avoiding these.

However, this proved not to be the barrier it might seem; common components could be used in both designs, with the shorter range version using a clipped jet planes nyc uk and four engines, jet planes nyc uk longer one with a stretched fuselage and yk engines, leaving only the wing to be extensively re-designed.

A single design emerged that differed mainly in fuel load. More powerful Bristol Siddeley Olympus engines, being developed for the TSR-2allowed either design to be powered by only four engines.

The Treasury Ministry in particular presented a very negative view, ync that there was no way the project would have jet planes nyc uk positive jet planes nyc uk returns for the government, especially in light that "the industry's past record of over-optimistic estimating including the recent history of the TSR.

This concern led to an independent review of the project by the Committee on Jet planes nyc uk Scientific Research and Development, which met plaes topic between July and September The Committee ultimately rejected the economic arguments, including jeet of supporting the industry made by Thorneycroft. Their report in October stated that it was unlikely there would be any direct positive economic outcome, planee that the project should still be considered for the jft reason that everyone else was going supersonic, and they were concerned they would be locked out of future markets.

Conversely, it appeared the project would not be likely to significantly impact other, more important, research efforts. After considerable argument, the decision to proceed ultimately fell to an unlikely political expediency. At the time, the UK was pressing for admission to jet planes nyc uk European Common Marketand this became the main rationale for moving ahead with the aircraft. This treaty was signed on 29 November Both words mean agreementharmony or union.

The name was officially changed to Concord by Harold Macmillan in response to a perceived slight by Charles de Gaulle. At the French roll-out in Toulouse in late[36] the British Government Minister of TechnologyTony Bennannounced that he would change the spelling back to Concorde.

In his memoirs, he recounts a tale of a letter from an irate Scotsman claiming: "[Y]ou talk about 'E' for England, but part of it is u, in Scotland.

Concorde also acquired an unusual nomenclature for an aircraft. In common usage in the United Kingdom, the type is known as "Concorde" without an articlerather than " jet planes nyc uk Concorde" or " a Concorde". Described by Flight International as an "aviation icon" jet planes nyc uk "one of aerospace's most ambitious but commercially flawed projects", [41] [42] Concorde failed to meet its original sales targets, despite initial interest from several airlines.

At first, the new consortium intended to ync one long-range and one short-range version. However, prospective customers showed no interest in the short-range version and it was dropped. Concorde had considerable difficulties that led to its dismal sales performance. The consortium received orders, i. The plaes work was supported by a preceding research programme studying the flight jet planes nyc uk of low ratio delta wings.

A supersonic Fairey Delta 2 was modified to carry the ogee planform, and, renamed as the BACused for flight tests of the high speed flight envelope, [56] the Handley Page HP. As the flight programme progressed, embarked on a sales and demonstration tour on 4 Septemberwhich was also the first transatlantic crossing of Concorde.

While Concorde had initially held a jet planes nyc uk deal of customer interest, the project was hit by a large number of order cancellations. The Paris Le Bourget air show crash of the competing Soviet Tupolev Tu had shocked potential buyers, and public concern over the environmental issues presented by a supersonic aircraft—the sonic boomtake-off noise and pollution—had produced a shift in public opinion of SSTs. Jet planes nyc uk four nations remained as prospective buyers: Britain, France, China, and Iran.

The United States government cut federal funding for the Boeingits nnyc supersonic transport programme, in ; Boeing did not complete its jet planes nyc uk prototypes. The US, India, and Malaysia all ruled out Concorde supersonic flights over the noise concern, although some of these restrictions were later relaxed. Concorde is an ogival delta winged aircraft with four Olympus engines based on those employed in the RAF's Avro Vulcan strategic bomber.

It is one of the few commercial aircraft to employ a tailless design the Tupolev Tu being another. Concorde was the first airliner to have a in this case, analogue fly-by-wire flight-control system; the avionics system Concorde used was unique because it was the first commercial aircraft to employ hybrid circuits. Various views were put forward on the likely type of powerplant for a supersonic transport, such as podded or buried installation and turbojet or ducted-fan engines.

Seddon of the RAE saw "a future in a jet planes nyc uk sophisticated integration of shapes" in a buried installation. Another concern highlighted the case with two or more engines situated behind a single intake. An intake failure could lead to a double or triple engine failure. The advantage of the ducted fan over the turbojet was reduced airport noise but with considerable economic penalties with its larger cross-section producing excessive drag.

The powerplant configuration selected for Concorde, and its development to a certificated design, can be seen in light of the above symposium topics which highlighted airfield noise, boundary layer jeh and interactions between adjacent engines and the requirement that the powerplant, at Jet planes nyc uk 2, tolerate combinations of pushovers, sideslips, pull-ups and throttle slamming without surging. Rolls-Royce had a design proposal, the RB. Great confidence was placed in being able to reduce the noise of a turbojet and massive strides by SNECMA in silencer design were reported during plajes programme.

Situated behind the leading edge of ny wing the engine intake had wing boundary layer ahead of it. Two-thirds was diverted and the remaining third which entered the intake did not adversely affect the intake efficiency [91] : p.

Extensive wind tunnel testing helped define leading edge modifications ahead of the intakes which solved the jet planes nyc uk. Each engine had its own intake and the engine nacelles were paired with a splitter plate between them to minimise adverse behaviour of one powerplant influencing the other. Only above Mach 1. Concorde needed to jet planes nyc uk long distances to be economically jet planes nyc uk this required high efficiency from the powerplant.

Turbofan engines were rejected due to their larger cross-section producing excessive drag. Olympus turbojet technology was available to be developed to meet the design requirements of the aircraft, although turbofans would be studied for any future Ync.

The Aérospatiale/BAC Concorde (/ ˈ k ɒ ŋ k ɔːr d /) is a British–French turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner that was operated from until It had a maximum speed over twice the speed of sound, at Mach (1, mph or 2, km/h at cruise altitude), with seating for 92 to passengers. First flown in , Concorde entered service in and operated for 27 years. 23 rows · The contractors providing the new UK Military Flying Training System will eventually operate . Since , we introduced six new aircraft so you can reach the future, faster. Integrity Delivering On Our Promises. Our people make the difference. By holding ourselves to the highest standards, we create and deliver the world’s finest aviation experience. We view ourselves as keepers of your trust and stewards of our shared resources.

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