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This steam provides the necessary force to propel the pistons at high speed, slinging the plane forward to generate the necessary lift for takeoff. Initially, the pistons are locked into place, so the cylinders simply build up pressure. The catapult officer carefully monitors the pressure level so it's just right for the particular plane and deck conditions. If the pressure is too low, the plane won't get moving fast enough to take off, and the catapult will throw it into the ocean. If there's too much pressure, the sudden jerk could break the nose gear right off.
When the cylinders are charged to the appropriate pressure level, the pilot blasts the plane's engines. The holdback keeps the plane on the shuttle while the engines generate considerable thrust. The catapult officer releases the pistons, the force causes the holdbacks to release, and the steam pressure slams the shuttle and plane forward.
At the end of the catapult, the tow bar pops out of the shuttle, releasing the plane. This totally steam-driven system can rocket a 45,pound plane from 0 to miles per hour a 20,kg plane from 0 to kph in two seconds! If everything goes well, the speeding plane has generated enough lift to take off. If not, the pilot or pilots activate their ejector seats to escape before the plane goes hurdling into the ocean ahead of the ship this hardly ever happens, but the risk is always there.
Taking off is extremely difficult, but the real trick is coming back in. The crew can then gain altitude and attempt to restart the failed engine, or make an emergency landing, after dumping jettisoning a certain amount of fuel.
In fact the ETOPS norms for twin-engined planes fixes the maximum distance allowed, in minutes, from an emergency airstrip. Input limited to characters.
Enter the characters represented on the image below. This field is not case sensitive. Why retract landing gear just after take-off? A Boeing has how many rivets?
What is the pedestal on a plane? What is the thickness of a commercial aircraft window? Your comments. The F and Jet Planes Landing And Taking Off Point F were also used for zero-length launch experiments, with similarly powerful drop-away booster units to the Soviets' SM experiments. Navy Bureau of Aeronautics. Aerojet claimed that the smaller JATO bottle, delivering pounds of thrust for 12 seconds could help a light private plane, that normally requires almost feet of runway to clear a foot-high obstacle, could do the same with feet of runway with a JATO Jr unit.
In late the United States military operation plan Operation Credible Sport was intended to rescue hostages held by Iran using C cargo planes modified with rocket engines to enable a very short take off and landing. The plan was canceled after an accident occurred during a test landing when the forward-facing JATO units designed to slow the aircraft fired before the downward-facing units designed to cushion the landing did, causing the aircraft to crash-land.
JATO became largely unnecessary as the take-off thrust of jet engines improved and is now rarely used even when operating heavily laden from short runways or in "hot and Jet Planes Landing And Taking Off File high" conditions. It is occasionally used in exceptional circumstances, on specially equipped, mostly military, aircraft.
This story is often given as an example of a Darwin Award ; it appears to be apocryphal, with no basis in fact.
The legend has been examined several times on the Discovery Channel show MythBusters. For the first attempt, in a pilot episode, the crew replicated the scene and the thrust of the JATO with some commercially available amateur rocket motors.
The myth was revisited in , using a different configuration of rockets in an attempt to make the car fly; it exploded before reaching the end of its launch ramp.
The myth was again revisited in in the 1st Episode of Mythbusters Season 12, as a celebration of their 10th year on the air. This was broadcast during The Lawrence Welk Show in the late s. Roosevelt CV , 2 July A rocket-assisted Boeing B B takeoff. A Grumman TBF torpedo bomber taking off with the aid of horsepower jet-assisted unit in about half the normal run. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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