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open-source-quadcopter-hardware-query The Mainboard uses the ChibiOS 3. It is possible to enable a buzzer that will acoustically warn about the operating state; you need a buzzer having an electronics that is compatible with a 5V power supply, to be connected to the board at the contacts marked as buzzer, and please be careful with respecting the polarity. Hardware on each Quadcopter The hardware architecture on each quadcopter is shown in Figure 2. The gyroscope and the accelerometer are very sensitive to the vibrations, but for our application it is necessary that the data corresponding to their readings are free from alterations and falses due to the noise, and open source quadcopter hardware query to the ones induced by mechanical vibrations, otherwise open source quadcopter hardware query will be impossible to stabilize the flight; if there are too open source quadcopter hardware query vibrations, they will be transmitted to the gyroscope, that will not supply reliable measures any more. A photo of the Main Board is shown in Figure 3. Load More In Quadcopter Diy. The gyroscope is the main sensor and the only essential one: thanks to it, it is possible to compensate possible rotations with respect to the three axes and therefore to prevent that the quadcopter spins around itself or that it turns upside down.

It is possible to enable a buzzer that will acoustically warn about the operating state; you need a buzzer having an electronics that is compatible with a 5V power supply, to be connected to the board at the contacts marked as buzzer, and please be careful with respecting the polarity.

The acoustic warnings consist in a sequence of three beeps having a variable duration, that depend on the operating state. The durations of the beeps and of the pauses are defined as follows:. Each warning has different priorities: the first ones have a greater priority and are:.

Additional acoustic warnings have been provided, that is to say:. In order to use this function you have to remove the comment characters on the define VBAT line of the config. The gyroscope is the main sensor and the only essential one: thanks to it, it is possible to compensate possible rotations with respect to the three axes and therefore to prevent that the quadcopter spins around itself or that it turns upside down.

The gyroscope suffers from a deviation that in time prevents from knowing the absolute angle of the vehicle; for this reason the gyroscope alone does not allow to keep the quadcopter perfectly levelled to the ground. The accelerometer takes care of this problem, by supplying an absolute angle for the bearing and by guaranteeing that the quadcopter remains horizontal, and avoids that it may slip towards some direction. Unluckily, the gyroscope — and even more, the accelerometer — that we use they are MEMS are influenced by vibrations and, as you will see, we will have to take them into account.

In order to better the stability it is possible to filter the values acquired by the IMU module, especially if there are still vibrations, and notwithstanding all the precautions placed in the mechanic Open Source Quadcopter Hardware 25 construction; the line on which to act is the following one:.

The magnetometer, however, determines the magnetic north, which differs from the geographic north because of the magnetic declination: things get more complicated by the fact that the latter changes in time. The magnetic declination is therefore the angle between the direction of the magnetic north and the geographic one; in order to know its value in the point where you stand you may use the service offered by the website.

Once you have set your position, the website will give you the magnetic declination, expressed in degrees and minutes and with a sign that you will have to convert in degrees by means of the following formula:. Please remember that before any measuring you will have to calibrate the sensor. The IMU GY module that is used in this project has — in addition to a gyroscope, an accelerometer and a magnetometer — a barometer that is suitable for measuring the atmospheric pressure.

To entrust this to an automatic function helps quite much and becomes essential when flying with the help of the GPS. Even in this case you may carry out a simple test, thanks to the data from the telemetry: if the reading of the altimeter suffers from too many disturbances, when activating the gas, it is the case to carry out a shielding. It is often possible to see — in some quadcopters — the usage of a GPS with an integrated compass, installed on a high tree, far from all the electric circuitry: it is not a case.

The barometer is used in order to determine the height from the ground, on the basis of the atmospheric pressure, which varies depending on the altitude; the influencing factors — or those that somehow make the pressure change — are many first among them the weather conditions , thus preventing the exact determination of the absolute height. Such a problem is not very relevant if you are flying at a high altitude, but is a critical one if the multicopter is close to the ground: an error of some decimeters is not dramatic at 50 meters from the ground, but it makes the difference between a soft landing and a crash at one meter from the ground.

In order to obtain an accurate indication of the approach to the ground you may use a SONAR ultrasound module, but at the moment we write the software V2.

Therefore you should modify the firmware by yourself. The IMU module that has been chosen for this project is a 10DOF 10 degrees of freedom , a very complete one, equipped with the last generation digital sensors, that are high accuracy and low noise ones. As hinted before, it includes a gyroscope, an accelerometer and a magnetometer with all the three axes in addition to a high sensitivity barometer.

Please insert the IMU module in the specific connector and make sure that the connection is excellent. In order to be sure that the IMU module does not suffer from vibrations or that it may move, it is appropriate that it is fixed to the printed circuit board; please do not use metal elements but prefer plastic ones, such as for example some small nylon screws.

At a first impression it may appear chaotic and complicated, but you will see that you will soon become familiar with its various functions. As you may see, the software supports even a GPS, a sonar and an optical sensor.

Please keep the board in front of you, with the arrow pointed onwards; by rotating it towards right and towards left, the ROLL indicator will change accordingly. For this project we used a cheap — but anyway complete — six-channel remote control, signed as FS-CT6B.

It is a remote control operating on the 2. Before using it, you will have to modify the remote control, by removing the potentiometer on the left of the antenna and by mounting a 3-position unipolar deviator, to which you will connect — between the centre and the ends — two 2.

The MODE2 is also the mode used on the toys, and it is therefore the most familiar one in this kind of applications. The transmitter, the receiver, the cable for the connection to the PC and the software for Windows are included in the package: the batteries are not, however.

Since the 2. Please make sure that the transmitter is turned off, then insert 8 Mignon batteries also known as AA batteries in the battery holder: it is better if they are of the rechargeable kind. Please turn off the receiver, remove the jumper and connect a test servo to one of the channels, and verify by means of the remote control that everything works properly. The correct procedure for booting the system always consists in turning on the transmitter first, and only later the receiver in this case, the quadcopter ; vice versa, in order to turn the system off please start from the receiver and turn off the transmitter last.

Please connect the receiver to the board by using eight small cables with a female-female end, accordingly to the instructions in Table 3. Arducopter is an open source project started at DIY quadcopter.

Arducopter is able to be a complete UAV solution capable of both remote control and fully autonomous waypoint based flight. Ardcopter is an easy to use quadcopter which is supported by Adrupilot APM.

It comes with a lot of features like automatic take off and landing, unlimited GPS waypoints, and fully scriptable camera controls. Charging time: 50 — 60mins Flying time: Open Source Quadcopter Hardware 12 5 — 7mins Control distance: About 20m Working frequency: 2.

This is a basic qadcopter that can be used by beginners. The quadcopter is speciafically for indoor use only so first time users can try their hands on this before purchasing the more advanced options. It is easy on the pocket and can be managed by the Silverxxx h —acro firmware. To conclude, open source qaudcopters are exciting and interesting would be an understatement.

Whether you are a beginner or an advanced user, you can choose the best open source quadcopters from the above as per your requirements. How to choose it? Read Here […]. In my opinion, if all web owners and bloggers made excellent content material as you probably did, the net will likely be much more useful than ever before. Your email address will not be published.

Home Quadcopter Diy The best open source quadcopter — Diy quadcopter. Load More Related Articles. The Technology Behind a Racing Drone Drones or commonly known quadcopters is one of the most spectacular inventions of modern s….

October 15, Try to apply it to various positions after all it is easily removed until you find the point in which the vibrations are minimal and then try to work on the quantities, so to eliminate them. Once the best balancing possible has been found, you may verify the correct rotation of the motors: the one in front and the rear one will have to rotate in a clockwise direction, while the right and left one will have to rotate in a counterclockwise direction. The next step is the installation of the propellers, an important step given the intrisic danger of having four propellers, sharp as razors, that spin at ten thousands revolutions per minute!

The front and the rear propellers have to rotate in a clockwise direction CW while the right and the left ones will have to rotate in a counterclockwise direction CCW ; please remember that when the propeller rotates, it must push the air downwards. Please activate one motor at the time, and bring the stick to about halfway; please pay the highest attention since the quadcopter will start to take off and therefore you will have to try to somehow hold it down in order to avoid it causing damages or, worse, to hurt yourself!

In this case, the insulating tape must be applied to the back of the propeller. It is possible to enable the wireless telemetry by means of a Bluetooth communication, in a simple and fast way, thus allowing the compatibility with PCs, smartphones and tablets. The essential step is to modify the communication speed, by bringing it to Kb, the assigned name is inconsequential.

The PC on which the MultiWiiConf software will run must have an appropriate integrated Bluetooth module or a dongle, inserted in a USB port, that will be able to connect to the board; given that the communication is in transparent-mode, nothing changes in the software management.

Please start a software for the serial communication, such as Termite free software that does not need an installation or, in a much simpler way, you may use Arduino IDE. The abovesaid settings may be carried out only with a disconnected module. The red LED is turned on along with the powered module, while the blue LED flashes while waiting for a connection; it remains with a fixed light when the module is connected and ready for the transmission.

From the remote device it is necessary that you execute the association with the Bluetooth device: the password to be typed in, when required, is As an alternative, on the board there is a socket on which it is possible to directly weld the HC module.

If you have equipped the board with a Bluetooth module, you may activate the wireless telemetry by means of a smartphone or tablet via a specific app.

The convenience offered by such an option is to have a compact and light device available, one to carry with us in the flight field. With this app you will be able to visualize the status of all the parameters in real time, and to remotely set the PID parameters in a safe way, during the flight a vocal assistant will inform you of the operating state, and refer about possible alarms; still by means of this app, assisted flight with the help of GPS and the mission planner are possible.

In order to use the telemetry via Bluetooth, as a first thing please associate your BT module with your device, be it a smartphone or a tablet: at a later time download and start the EZ-GUI app. The first setting required is the name of the BT module to which to connect, different other settings follow, but the default values are fine as well. The app has three sections: the first one is named Dashboard and it allows the visualization of all the flight parameters, the second one is named settings that allows to set the values for the PID and the AUX inputs, the third section is named Configurations and allows to set the app functions.

We will not describe all the details of the application, also because it proves to be very simple and intuitive; we advice only the activation of the vocal assistant, a very useful function given the impossibility to take off the eyes from the quadcopter.

This application also manages the mission planner with the assisted flight via GPS. The version for Multiwii 2. Well, given that the topic of the software has been exhausted and that the construction of the quadcopter has been defined, we will cover now the real purpose of this article: to have a RC model to fly.

Please raise the quadcopter by picking it up from the fulcrums of two motors taken on a diagonal, so to verify that the weight is perfectly balanced: if it leans from a side, please move the battery until you sense that it is balanced. Please place the quadcopter in a perfectly levelled zone, and calibrate all the sensors, then move in the flight area: grass lawn would be better, as it may soften a possible fall.

Please make sure that all around you there are no persons or animals, and place yourself in a position of the maximum security; also, please pay attention to the flight rules imposed by Local Authorities. Please remember that each aircraft flies with respect to the air and not to the ground, therefore in the presence of wind the quadcopter will tend to follow the direction of the latter, and even small gusts may seriously influence his stability; we advice, therefore, to carry out the first flights in the absence of wind.

Please disable all the flight modes, so to leave only the gyroscope active, and arm the quadcopter. Please activate the acceleration stick slowly, and make the quadcopter take off — still paying the highest attention, since you are using the default PID values and it is not said they are correct ones.

Within 50 cms from the ground, the air turbulences may significantly influence the flight, therefore be ready to compensate the possible deviations, and as soon as you can let the quadcopter climb more. In our first flights we used the ANGLE mode, that uses the accelerometer in order to stabilize the flight and make the piloting easier, even for the beginners. At a meter of height, the quadcopter is not affected by turbulences and the flight is more regular, but the risks of causing damages in the case of a fall increase; if you see that the quadcopter behaves strangely or that it tends to get too far too quickly, do not panic and slowly reduce the acceleration in order to make it descend.

Once you have obtained a satisfactory stabilization, and only small adjustments of the sticks are needed in order to keep it in position, you may activate the magnetometer and the barometer as well. Please activate the BARO function once you have reached the desired altitude and you want to keep it ; in that moment the reference value will be memorized and you will be able to take away the finger from the throttle stick.

You will still have the control via the stick, but if you want to land you will have to disable the function. The P Proportional parameter is the gain, that is to say how much the stabilization sensors intervene; it is important that it is as high as possible, so to have a very stable vehicle that tends to contrast decisively every attitude variation, but it must not be an excessive value, otherwise the vehicle will enter an oscillation state.

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