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open-hardware-licenses-4d Hardware License TAPR Open является лицензия используется в аппаратных с открытым исходным кодом проектов. Он был создан Tucson Amateur Packet Radio (TAPR), международной радиолюбительской организацией. Версия была опубликована года.  Это добросовестное обязательство - если электронная почта не удалась, вам больше ничего не нужно делать, и вы можете продолжить рассылку. Если вы создаете дизайн, который хотите лицензировать в рамках OHL, вам следует: Включите документ OHL в файл с именем www.- (или www.- ), который включен в пакет документации. Программы Microsoft Open (Open Value и Open Hardware Phones 01 Open License) предоставляют небольшим и средним компаниям простой и экономичный способ приобрести новейшие технологии Майкрософт. Обзор Возможности Заключение и продление соглашения Развертывание. Обзор. Простота и управляемость. Предлагая настраиваемую платформу и выгодные цены для корпоративных покупок, программы Open предоставляют простой и экономичный способ приобрести новейшие технологии Майкрософт. Посмотреть видео со сравнением программ Open (WMV, мин).  Open License. Для многих наших веб-служб больше не требуется покупать пять или более лицензий при первом заказе. Условия участия. Open Hardware Monitor is a system monitoring tool which displays various hardware settings, temperature values and more for CPU chips, memory modules and graphics processors. This download is licensed as freeware for the Windows (bit and bit) operating system/platform without restrictions. Open Hardware Monitor is available to all software users as a free download for Windows. Is Open Hardware Monitor safe to download? We tested the file openhardwaremonitor-vzip with 24 antivirus programs and it turned out % clean. It's good practice to test any downloads from the Internet. This page has been accessed 9, open hardware licenses 4d. LICENSEE shall not directly or indirectly transfer the Software to any country to which such transfer would be prohibited by any applicable export control laws or would be subject to an export license or any administrative authorization, without having firstly obtained such license or authorization. I would like to sell my project as a product and I'm scared of someone becoming a competitor! In the upper right corner, there is an icon for a flyout menu. If somebody has access to information, they can use them and act upon them in any way they like without violating copyright law. Any reproduction whether whole open hardware licenses 4d partial of the Software is only allowed on the absolute condition that it contains all the legal specifications of the Software property. All other trade names and trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Home Tutorials Installation. December 22, Products Mentioned. Email Address. Login Forgot password Create Account. Go Back Continue. Based on all of the discussions that I've been involved in, I believe that there are only two possibilities for a robust legal basis for a license.

The second possibility I think has been little discussed, and appeals to me a lot. Besides potentially addressing the need for open source CAD or at least truly open CAD file formats , this second possibility could create the automatic legal protection for hardware that we have all simply been pretending in this community that we already have. The fact that the source file could be reverse engineered or firewalled is exactly the same risk that exists in software, and the creation of a file format like software source code that makes the use of GPLed software a path of least resistance could apply here as well.

The fact that patent protection would be necessary to protect the underlying ideas absent the reuse of source is a problem and matter of debate in software as well. The first possibility is a less solid one, but much more within reach. It is interesting to me that the OSHW community ignored this possibility by at least initially releasing their logo CC, which would deny them this legal lever for control--indeed perhaps the only one they have.

What I believe that we are in need of here is for some smart law review students to tackle this issue for a note in a legal journal, informed and framed by as much of our experience as possible, to create a roadmap for the best case legal basis that we can come up with.

Because of the difference in skill and mindset between the patent and copyright legal worlds, I think that hardware has been ignored by the open source legal types. I've reached out to the Center for the Public Domain here at Duke, but have been unsuccessful in interesting anyone in discussing this issue. Once it is clear that there is actually a legal basis for any of this, i. Anything else is a waste of time, and stands to cause harm by muddying the legal waters by creating a failed precedent.

Under U. Patents do. The result is that an Open Hardware license can in general be used to restrict the plans but probably not the manufactured devices or even restatements of the same design that are not textual copies of the original.

The applicable section of copyright law is In no case does copyright protection for an original work of authorship extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated, or embodied in such work.

It has no effect on any other patent rights exercised by anyone not using the licensed design. For links, see the web version: [1].

At first sight, the situation in the newly emerging field of free and open hardware might seem similar—here, copyleft licenses such as the GPL and the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License BY-SA are very popular too see below for a more detailed analysis.

But actually, the situation is very different for hardware design, since copyleft relies on copyright, and hardware is in most cases not protected by copyright law.

Anybody who modifies and spreads the design description is bound by them, but people and companies using the design to build and distribute actual hardware are not. Vendors can modify the hardware and sell or distribute the modified hardware without having Hardware Store Open Till 10 50 to publish their modified design, since licenses only govern the design descriptions the instructions on how to build the hardware , not the hardware itself. The problem is that copyright governs only the distribution of information, but not its usage.

If somebody has access to information, they can use them and act upon them in any way they like without violating copyright law. If a bookseller publishes a book describing how to build a product X, the bookseller cannot prevent me from using this information to build and sell X. The book is protected by copyright laws, but the factual information contained in it is not, and my use of that factual information falls outside of copyright laws.

The GPL relaxes the restrictions of copyright, giving me more freedom to use copyrighted information than I would usually have, but of course it cannot deny me the freedoms which I always have, even with full copyright in force.

I know of only one license that is specifically targeted at open hardware and tries to work around this issue by relying not only on copyright, but also on a mutual patent immunity clause: the TAPR Open Hardware License, published in May Version 1. The idea is that the licensor grants everybody who complies with the terms of the license the right to use any relevant patents they control.

Relying on patent law instead of copyright law for hardware makes sense, since patent law is made for hardware, while copyright law is made for information. Most peer projects will be unable or unwilling to apply for a patent, so the TAPR licenses will hardly be suitable for them.

This might be extremely impractical for large version histories think of hundreds or thousands of versions , and it makes the creation of printed versions of modified hardware documentation practically impossible. Most open hardware projects seem to care little about the specific issues of hardware licensing.

Another solution is to forgo copyleft altogether and just use a permissive license such as the modified BSD license. This allows everybody to use the provided information in any way they like, without having to keep modifications or improvements open. There even is a hardware-specific non-copyleft license, the Balloon Licence.

As can be seen from the list below, there is a clear tendency of projects to use standard copyleft the GPL or the CC BY-SA , protecting the design information itself but not any physical hardware built on their basis. Does this mean that projects are willing to live with a limited copyleft, or are they just unaware of the problem?

In any case, no convincing solutions seem to exist. The TAPR license, the only license that tries the address the problem of extending copyleft to the hardware itself, never became very popular—almost nobody outside the TAPR project seems to be using it. And indeed, its reliance on patent law makes the license very impractical to use for all but the biggest projects. In the case of the RONJA project, this difference between hardware builders not giving back but the project maintainers expecting them to do so, has already caused tensions that contributed to the downfall of the project.

Whether similar problems will appear in other projects and weaken the open hardware community, remains to be seen Some are not enforceable, because it would be impossible to determine, practically speaking, whether someone is violating that term. Other attributes are simply not enforceable because they may be inconsistent with government permissible activity.

Violating the terms may be punishable by imprisonment, or fines, or a slap on the wrist depending on your jurisdiction and the severity of the penalty. No matter what anyone says, there is no simple, straightforward answer to this question.

It depends on the audience, the target, and the nature of the work. This is a topic of significance on many web forums, where the debate has been waged for years. As you no doubt can tell, this is an emotionally charged issue. Some licenses are better than others, some explicitly address the attributes and dimensions above, while other licenses brush over the surface, skip, ignore, or only briefly touch on the dimensions.

This can create ambiguity, and ambiguous contracts breed abuse and hurt feelings. Instead, most of the open source hardware licenses in wide use today are merely repurposed open source software licenses! This is a serious problem. Creative Commons or GPL licenses only apply to works that can be copyrighted for example theater plays, pictures, films, musical works, etc. Creative Common licenses do not apply to the Open Hardware Definition Jobs idea presented in the file.

The only way to protect an idea is to patent it. So, by using a CC license for releasing an schematic we are really releasing the drawing of the schematic, not the circuit that can be done with it. There is still another question: copyright rights apply directly: this means that if you compose a song, your authorship is recognized automatically; however, the only way of getting rights over a utilitarian design or an invention is by a patent.

So… you all might have released something that theoretically is not yours! Now you may wonder, what would happen if someone else patented my design? As they say in their website, they grant permission for anyone to use the OHL as the license for their hardware project, provided only that it is used in unaltered form. While copyright protects documentation from unauthorized copying, modification, and distribution, it has little to do with your right to make, distribute, or use a product based on that documentation.

For better or worse, patents play a significant role in those activities. Although it does not prohibit anyone from patenting inventions embodied in an Open Hardware design, and of course cannot prevent a third party from enforcing their patent rights, those who benefit from an OHL design may not bring lawsuits claiming that design infringes their patents or other intellectual property. The OHL addresses unique issues involved in the creation of tangible, physical things, but does not cover software, firmware, or code loaded into programmable devices.

A copyright-oriented license such as the GPL better suits these creations. How can you use the OHL, or a design based upon it? While the numbered sections of the agreement take precedence over this preamble, here is a summary:. This is a good faith obligation — if the email fails, you need do nothing more and may go on with your distribution. PDF that is included in the documentation package.

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