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jet-plane-taking-off-zone Categories : Aviation risks Air traffic control Turbulence Aircraft wing design. With others, I struggle. Experience has shown that the K values on which the formula was developed are not applicable for newer aircraft with very large footprint pressures. This section has multiple issues. If there is more than one runway pointing in the same direction parallel runwayseach runway is identified jet plane taking off zone appending left Lcenter C and right R to the end of the runway number to identify its position when facing its zoone —for example, runways one-five-left 15Lone-five-center 15Cand one-five-right 15R.

Aviation Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for aircraft pilots, mechanics, and enthusiasts. It only takes a minute to sign up. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. If you have a friend in the USA who owns a lot of land that is suitable for landing a plane, and you own a private jet with 2 pilots in Norway, can you take off in private property without notifying anybody on what you have on the plane and where you are going or anything like that and fly to the USA and land on the property of your friend?

Is that legal to do? Yes, it is possible to land an airplane in the US at a private airport when you have taken off from a foreign airport. Doing Jet Plane Taking Off Used this is a federal crime. Since you are smuggling something, you may not care about the legality. When you are eventually caught, you will go to prison. Your assets will be confiscated by and forfeited to the government. And once you are released from prison, you will be deported and blacklisted from entering the US ever again.

Your gold will not be returned to you. It is not worth the risk. Especially when the gold is worthless unless you can convert it to money. Even money gotten through illegal means is forfeited to the government. No matter from where you takeoff, nor in what country your aircraft is registered, if you cross the US Air Defense Identification Zone, you have to land at an Airport of Entry before proceeding elsewhere.

You have to declare any goods or monetary instruments even gold you are transporting to Customs and Border Protection located at the AOE.

There are trade laws, aviation laws, customs laws, banking laws, tax laws, Anti-terrorist laws, etc. This is true regardless of whether traveling by land, sea or air. Trying to enter other than at a PoE is usually a serious crime , and in the case of flying without a proper flight plan, may even get you shot down. In the US specifically, you can request for a fee that these officers meet your flight at an airport other than a designated PoE, which is a really convenient perk for GA pilots.

As far as I know, they will only agree to do this at public airports, and if you ask about a private airport such as your friend's farm, they'll tell you to land at a public airport first to legally enter the country and then continue to the private one as a domestic flight. If you have friend in the USA that owns a lot of land that is suitable for landing a plane, and you own a private jet with 2 pilots in Colombia , can you takeoff in private property without notifying anybody on what you have on the plane and where you are going or anything like that and fly to USA and land on the property of your friend?

But would anybody notice that I'm transferring cocaine if the cocaine is hidden and I put the cocaine there long before the actual travel. And would I need to arrange customs to come to me? And how would I do that. This is just me wondering if this is actually possible. I'll bet you can answer this question all by yourself without even consulting additional sources.

If not, you can probably put on your Customs and Border Patrol hat and ask yourself: "What would I think of a covert flight of this nature crossing into my airspace? Ordinary turbulence is not unusual, particularly in the approach phase.

A pilot who suspects wake turbulence is affecting his or her aircraft should get away from the wake, execute a missed approach or go-around and be prepared for a stronger wake encounter. The onset of wake can be insidious and even surprisingly gentle. There have been serious accidents see the next section where pilots have attempted to salvage a landing after encountering moderate wake only to encounter severe wake turbulence that they were unable to overcome.

Pilots should not depend on any aerodynamic warning, but if the onset of wake is occurring, immediate evasive action is vital. Wake turbulence can be measured using several techniques.

Currently, ICAO recognizes two methods of measurement, sound tomography, and a high-resolution technique is Doppler lidar , a solution now commercially available. Techniques using optics can use the effect of turbulence on refractive index optical turbulence to measure the distortion of light that passes through the turbulent area and indicate the strength of that turbulence.

Wake turbulence can occasionally, under the right conditions, be heard by ground observers. This is the strong core of the vortex. If the aircraft produces a weaker vortex, the breakup will sound like tearing a piece of paper. Often, it is first noticed some seconds after the direct noise of the passing aircraft has diminished.

The sound then gets louder. Nevertheless, being highly directional, wake turbulence sound is easily perceived as originating a considerable distance behind the aircraft, its apparent source moving across the sky just as the aircraft did. It can persist for 30 seconds or more, continually changing timbre, sometimes with swishing and cracking notes, until it finally dies away. In a subsequent incident, he is caught in an enemy fighter's jetwash, but manages to recover safely.

In the movie Pushing Tin , air traffic controllers stand just off the threshold of a runway while an aircraft lands in order to experience wake turbulence firsthand. However, the film dramatically exaggerates the effect of turbulence on persons standing on the ground, showing the protagonists being blown about by the passing aircraft.

In reality, the turbulence behind and below a landing aircraft is too gentle to knock over a person standing on the ground. In contrast, jet blast from an aircraft taking off can be extremely dangerous to people standing behind the aircraft.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. June Learn how and when to remove this template message.

Airplane flyover followed by wake turbulence. A subtle rustling and cracking sound caused by the wake vortices after airplane flyover. It starts at 0'50 and lasts to the end of the recording. This Section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations.

Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. September Learn how and when to remove this template message. Retrieved 22 April AOL Defense. Archived from the original on 23 September Flight International. Archived from the original on 5 September Runways are named by a number between 01 and 36, which is generally the magnetic azimuth of the runway's heading in deca degrees.

This heading differs from true north by the local magnetic declination. A runway can normally be used in both directions, and is named for each direction separately: e. For clarity in radio communications, each digit in Jet Planes Landing And Taking Off File the runway name is pronounced individually: runway one-five, runway three-three, etc.

A leading zero, for example in "runway zero-six" or "runway zero-one-left", is included for all ICAO and some U. However, most U. This American anomaly may lead to inconsistencies in conversations between American pilots and controllers in other countries. It is very common in a country such as Canada for a controller to clear an incoming American aircraft to, for example, runway 04, and the pilot read back the clearance as runway 4. In flight simulation programs those of American origin might apply U.

For example, runway 05 at Halifax will appear on the program as the single digit 5 rather than Military airbases may include smaller paved runways known as "assault strips" for practice and training next to larger primary runways. If there is more than one runway pointing in the same direction parallel runways , each runway is identified by appending left L , center C and right R to the end of the runway number to identify its position when facing its direction —for example, runways one-five-left 15L , one-five-center 15C , and one-five-right 15R.

In some countries, regulations mandate that where parallel runways are too close to each other, only one may be used at a time under certain conditions usually adverse weather. At large airports with four or more parallel runways for example, at Chicago O'Hare , Los Angeles , Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County , Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta , Denver , Dallas-Fort Worth and Orlando , some runway identifiers are shifted by 1 to avoid the ambiguity that would result with more than three Jet Planes Landing And Taking Off Line parallel runways.

Suffixes may also be used to denote special use runways. Airports that have seaplane waterways may chose to denote the waterway on charts with the suffix W; such as Daniel K. Runway designations may change over time because Earth's magnetic lines slowly drift on the surface and the magnetic direction changes.

Depending on the airport location and how much drift occurs, it may be necessary to change the runway designation. Because magnetic drift itself is slow, runway designation changes are uncommon, and not welcomed, as they require an accompanying change in aeronautical charts and descriptive documents.

When a runway designation does change, especially at major airports, it is often done at night, because taxiway signs need to be changed and the numbers at each end of the runway need to be repainted to the new runway designators. There exist standards for runway markings. There are runway markings and signs on most large runways. Larger runways have a distance remaining sign black box with white numbers. This sign uses a single number to indicate the remaining distance of the runway in thousands of feet.

For example, a 7 will indicate 7, ft 2, m remaining. The runway threshold is marked by a line of green lights. Waterways may be unmarked or marked with buoys that follow maritime notation instead. A line of lights on an airfield or elsewhere to guide aircraft in taking off or coming in to land or an illuminated runway is sometimes also known as a flare path.

Runway lighting are used at airports for use at night and low visibility. Seen from the air, runway lights form an outline of the runway. A runway may have some or all of the following: [27]. According to Transport Canada 's regulations, [28] the runway-edge lighting must be visible for at least 2 mi 3 km.

Additionally, a new system of advisory lighting, runway status lights , is currently being tested in the United States. Typically the lights are controlled by a control tower , a flight service station or another designated authority.

This also avoids the cost of having the lighting system on for extended periods. Smaller airports may not have lighted runways or runway markings. Particularly at private airfields for light planes, there may be nothing more than a windsock beside a landing strip.

Types of runway safety incidents include:. The choice of material used to construct the runway depends on the use and the local ground conditions. For a major airport, where the ground conditions permit, the most satisfactory type of pavement for long-term minimum maintenance is concrete.

Although certain airports have used reinforcement in concrete pavements, this is generally found to be unnecessary, with the exception of expansion joints across the runway where a dowel assembly, which permits relative movement of the concrete slabs, is placed in the concrete. Where it can be anticipated that major settlements of the runway will occur over the years because of unstable ground conditions, it is preferable to install asphaltic concrete surface, as it is easier to patch on a periodic basis.

Fields with very low traffic of light planes may use a sod surface. Some runways make use of salt flats. For pavement designs, borings are taken to determine the subgrade condition, and based on the relative bearing capacity of the subgrade, the specifications are established.

For heavy-duty commercial aircraft, the pavement thickness, no matter what the top surface, varies from 10 in mm to 4 ft 1 m , including subgrade. Airport pavements have been designed by two methods. The first, Westergaard , is based on the assumption that the pavement is an elastic plate supported on a heavy fluid base with a uniform reaction coefficient known as the K value. Experience has shown that the K values on which the formula was developed are not applicable for newer aircraft with very large footprint pressures.

The second method is called the California bearing ratio and was developed in the late s.

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