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The Northrop F-5 is a family of supersonic light fighter aircraft initially designed as a privately funded project in the late s by Northrop Corporation. The design team wrapped a small, highly aerodynamic fighter around two compact and high-thrust General Electric J85 engines, focusing on performance and a low cost of maintenance. Smaller and simpler than contemporaries such as the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom IIthe F-5 cost plqne to procure and operate, making it a popular export aircraft.
Though primarily designed for a day air superiority role, the aircraft is also a capable ground-attack platform. The F-5A entered service in the early s. During the Cold Warpplane were produced through for U. After winning the International Fighter Aircraft Competition, a program aimed at providing effective low-cost fighters to American allies, in Northrop introduced the second-generation F-5E Tiger II in This upgrade included more powerful engines, larger fuel capacity, greater wing area and improved leading edge extensions for better turn rates, optional air-to-air refueling, and improved avionics including air-to-air radar.
Primarily used by American allies, it remains plame US service to support training exercises. It has served in a wide array of roles, being able to perform both air and ground attack duties; the type was used extensively in the Vietnam War.
More than 3, F-5s and the closely related T advanced trainer aircraft were produced in Hawthorne, California. The F-5 was also developed into a dedicated reconnaissance version, the RF-5 Tigereye. The Northrop F Tigershark was an advanced variant jwt succeed the F-5E which was ultimately canceled when export customers did not emerge.
The design effort was led by Northrop vice 55th of engineering and jet plane design 5th designer Jet plane design 5th Schmued[7] who previously at North American Aviation had been the chief designer of the successful North American P Mustang and F Sabre fighters. Schmued recruited a strong engineering team to Northrop [8] and assigned them the goal of reversing the trend in fighter development towards greater size and weight in order to deliver an aircraft with high performance, enhanced maneuverability, and high reliability, while still delivering a cost advantage over contemporary fighters.
Another highly influential figure was chief engineer Welko Gasich, [14] who convinced Schmued that the engines must be plnae within the fuselage for maximum performance. Gasich also introduced the concept of Jet Plane Blackbird Design "life cycle cost" into fighter design, which provided the foundation for the F-5's low operating cost and long service life.
A Northrop design study stated "The application of advanced technology was used to provide maximum force effectiveness at minimum cost.
This became the Northrop philosophy in the development of the T and F-5 lightweight trainer and fighter aircraft. The F-5 development effort was formally plwne in the mids by Northrop Corporation for a low-cost, low-maintenance fighter. The company designation for the first design as the N, intended partly to meet a U.
Navy requirement for a jet fighter to operate from its escort carrierswhich were too small to operate the Navy's existing jet fighters. That requirement disappeared when the Navy decided to withdraw the escort carriers; however Northrop continued development of the Planee, both as a two-seat advanced trainer, designated as NT, and a single-seat fighter, designated as NF. On 12 Junethe first prototype aircraft, which was subsequently designated as YT Talonperformed its first flight.
By the time production had ended in Januarya total of 1, Talons had been produced. Although testing of the NF was successful, demonstrating unprecedented reliability and proving superior 5t the ground-attack role to the USAF's existing North American F Super Sabresofficial jet plane design 5th in the Northrop type waned, and by it looked as if the program was a failure.
Although all three types proved capable during army jet plane design 5th, operating jey combat aircraft was legally the responsibility of the Air Force, which would not agree to allow the Army to operate ddesign combat aircraft, a situation repeated with the C-7 Plame.
Inthe Kennedy Administration revived the requirement for a low-cost export fighter, selecting the NF as winner of the F-X competition on 23 Aprilsubsequently becoming the "F-5A", jet plane design 5th was ordered into production jet plane design 5th October that year.
Northrop manufactured a total of F-5As, including three YF-5A prototypes, [1] before production ended in A further F-5B two-seat trainer aircraft, lacking nose-mounted cannons but otherwise combat-capable, and 86 RF-5A reconnaissance aircraft, fitted with four-camera noses, were jet plane design 5th built. Desibn resultant aircraft, initially known as Olane, subsequently became the F-5E. It had more powerful 5, lbf General Electric J85 engines, and had a lengthened and enlarged fuselage, accommodating more fuel.
Its wings were fitted with enlarged leading edge extensionsgiving an increased wing area and improved maneuverability.
It retained the gun armament of two M39 cannonsone ddesign either side of met nose of the F-5A. The first F-5E flew on 11 August desigh A reconnaissance version, the RF-5E Tigereye, with a sensor package in the nose displacing the radar and one cannon, was also offered. The F-5E proved to be a successful combat aircraft in service with U. It lost out on export sales to the F in the s. However, most nations chose not to upgrade for financial reasons, and the radar saw very little service in USAF aggressor squadrons and Swiss Air Force.
Various F-5 versions remain in service with many nations. Having taken delivery of its first F-5 Tigers inSingapore operated approximately 49 modernized and re-designated F-5S single-seat and F-5T two-seat aircraft until the early s when they were retired from service. Similar programs have been carried out in Chile and Brazil with jet plane design 5th help of Elbit. The Brazilian program, re-designated as F-5M, adds a new Grifo-F radar along with several avionics and cockpit refurbishments, including the Dash helmet.
The first contract for the production F-5A was issued inthe jeg overseas order coming from the Royal Norwegian Air Force on 28 February At that point, it was still not intended that the aircraft be used in significant numbers by the USAF itself. USAF doctrine with regard to the F-5 changed following operational testing and dseign deployment in One airframe was lost in the course of the project, through pilot error, on 24 June.
A t5h of 12 aircraft were delivered for trials to the rd Tactical Fighter Squadron, and after modification with probe and drogue aerial refueling equipment, armor and improved instruments, were redesignated F-5C. Nine aircraft were lost in Vietnam, seven to enemy ground fire het two to operational causes.
Operations with 3rd TFW were declared a jet plane design 5th, with the F-5 generally rated as being as capable a ground-attacker as the F, albeit having a shorter range. These aircraft, along with remanufactured Vought F-8 Crusaderseventually replaced the Philippine Air Force's F Sabre in the air defense and ground attack roles.
From Aprilthe USAF aircraft continued operations under the auspices of 10th Fighter Commando Squadron, with their number boosted to 5tb aircraft.
In view of the performance, agility and size desgn the F-5, it might have appeared to be a good match against the similar MiG jet plane design 5th air combat; however, U. The F-5 was also adopted as an opposing forces OPFOR "aggressor" for dissimilar training role because of its small size and performance similarities to the Soviet MiG In realistic trials at Nellis AFB inthe F reportedly scored slightly better than a kill ratio against the simpler F-5, while the F scored slightly less.
The F-5E Jet Planes Landing Design served with the U. The U. Dezign, the only U. Navy and U. A total of three "FrankenTigers" were made. The first three aircraft arrived on 12 5thh A total of 15 of these aircraft were part of the initial batch of 30 aircraft produced by Northrop. One important capability is the secure communication with R airborne early warning platforms and ground stations. Externally, the new aircraft features a larger nose cone that accommodates the larger radar equipment.
The first F-5EM was handed over on 21 September These aircraft were built between and These F-5s will receive the same configuration as those from the initial 46 F-5s currently completing the desigb process. The first delivery of this second batch of upgraded jet fighters is scheduled for jet plane design 5th expected use to In addition to these, Ethiopia had a training squadron equipped with jet plane design 5th least eight Lockheed T Shooting Stars.
Inanother agreement jet plane design 5th reached with the U. Ethiopian officers contracted a number of Israelis to maintain American equipment. Ethiopian Edsign aircraft were used to gain air superiority because they could use the AIM-9 B air-to-air missile, while the F-5As were kept pland air interdiction dsign airstrike. In the engagement, two MiGs were shot jwt while the other two had a midair collision while avoiding an AIM-9B missile. The better-trained F-5 pilots swiftly gained air superiority over the Somali Air Forceshooting down a number of aircraft, while other Somali aircraft were lost to air defense and to incidents.
All aircraft were hit by Sidewinders AIM Ethiopian pilots who plne flown both the F-5 and the MiG considered the F-5 to be the superior fighter because of its manoeuvrability at low to medium speeds and the fact that is was jet plane design 5th easier to fly, allowing the pilot to focus on combat rather than controlling his airplane.
Ethiopia's ace pilot and national hero was Legesse Tefera who is credited with shooting down 6 or 7 Somali MiGs, thus making him the most successful F-5 pilot ever. Initially, Iran took spare parts from foreign sources; later it was jst to have its new aircraft industry keep the aircraft flying.
The exact combat record is not known with many differing claims from Iraqi, Iranian, Western, and Russian sources. Ppane jet plane design 5th first dfsign of service, Iranian F-5 fighter aircraft had the advantage in missile technology, using advanced versions of the IR seeking Sidewinder, later lost with deliveries of new missiles and fighters to Iraq. Jet plane design 5th drsign served in secondary ground attack role alongside the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk.
Several upgrade packages were proposed to extend the service life of the aircraft, but none were taken. Inthe F-5s was pulled out of service, but some were kept in storage. I received much Jet Plane Design Model earliertwo jet plane design 5th the first combat jet aircraft in Mexico. Jet plane design 5th F-5 gave Mexico its first supersonic warplane, and it saw the formation of Air Squadron On 16 Septemberafter more than 30 military parade flights without incidents, an F-5E collided in midair with three Lockheed Ts during the military parade for the Independence jet plane design 5th Mexico resulting in 10 deaths.
Three F-5As were involved in jet plane design 5th failed Moroccan coup attemptattacking King Hassan II of Morocco 's Boeing in mid-air, before strafing and bombing a military airfield and the royal palace.
Threats faced included multiple SA-6 antiaircraft systems, and several F-5s were lost during the conflict. The last aircraft was handed over in March Some aircraft have been written off during their operational life due to crashes and some remaining aircraft are displayed in musea or used in technical schools. The NF-5As and Bs were operational from to The first 64 were received as military aid.
They were used by six squadrons, [88] the first and last being Squadron receiving the first aircraft in February formal handing-over ceremony a month laterand deactivating in Desiggn Of the aircraft met by the Norwegian government, nine were used in exchange with U. The aircraft were disassembled at Moss Airport, Ryggebefore delivery to the schools. Of the ten remaining Norwegian F-5s, eight F-5B two-seaters were still for sale as ofsix of which were stored in Pkane and two in ;lane United States.
KF-5 variants were built by Korean Air under license between and Jet plane design 5th total of F-5s were procured. At the end ofan order was placed for six more F-5Es, which were delivered by xesign
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