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openvpn-hardware-token OpenVPN - это программное обеспечение, основанное на бесплатном программном обеспечении, которое позволяет нам создавать виртуальную частную сеть (VPN) для удаленного подключения к серверу. Это программное обеспечение позволяет нам настраивать два типа архитектур VPN: VPN с удаленным доступом: у нас есть центральный VPN-сервер и несколько. OpenVPN — кроссплатформенное, гибкое и удобное решение для организации VPN. Для допуска в виртуальную сеть, построенную на базе OpenVPN, клиент должен авторизоваться. В OpenVPN это можно сделать 3 способами: по логину и паролю. по ключу и сертификату в файлах (См. Управление сертификатами и ключами для клиентов OpenVPN). по ключу и сертификату на «борту» криптографического USB-токена или смарт-карты. OpenVPN — широко известный, бесплатный VPN сервер с открытым исходным кодом, который повсеместно используется для предоставления защищенного доступа сотрудников к внутренним ресурсам организации. В качестве проверки подлинности для подключения к VPN серверу, как правило используется комбинация из ключа и логина/пароля пользователя. Get in Touch Have questions about our plans? Each hardware token must be pre-configured by HUIT. Openvpn hardware token About Partnerships Partner with Duo to bring secure access to your customers. This article aims to be a one stop, up-to-date hardening and configuration guide for OpenVPN in Support See All Support Have questions? Branches Tags. Tell us why!

To disable that behaviour, Under Sink Drawer Hardware Technology add the following line to both client and server configs:. The otp-secrets file format is exactly the same as for ppp-otp plugin, which makes it very convenient to have PPP and OpenVPN running on the same machine and using the same secrets file. The secrets file has the following layout:. Examples Kraftmaid Soft Close Drawer Hardware Worker for users bob, alice and john:. The feature needs to be activated in the client configuration file with the static-challenge flag:.

The echo flag indicates whether or not the user's response to the challenge should be echoed. Also, you need to add both plugins to your openvpn server configuration. Having the two auth plugins present, will require that both of them authenticate the user, ie it is not one of the two , it's both.

The input for both fields is combined and passed to both plug-ins as a specially formatted password. If the static-challenge flag is set, passwords Pfsense Openvpn Hardware Requirements that are passed to plugins, will have a special format.

So plug-ins need to be signalled about this in their configuration:. The various settings will pass username, password and the response to the challenge to both plug-ins. The plug-ins will parse this response triggered by the flags in their configuration and each plugin will authenticate the user by looking at the field that's relevant.

The last example user john is probably the most typical use case: a first level of authentication of username and password against the LDAP and then a second level of authenitcation using an OTP, which doesn't require a pin, because the LDAP authentication already uses a password. Please note: the various flags go together, i.

OpenVPN server process should have enough permissions to read and modify files in that directory. For each HOTP entry in the otp-secrets files, we compute the SHA1 checksum of the secret key, and use the resulting lower case string as the filename.

The following command will do the job:. The following exceptions are required for this plugin to work properly on a system with Security Enhanced Linux running in enforcing mode:. In OpenBSD, please use autoconf 2.

You might have to export version numbers before running. You may use oathtool for token verification on your OpenVPN server:. You may also enable debug mode to log user-provided and expected credentials do not use in production environments :. Inspired by ppp-otp plugin written by GitHub user kolbyjack. This plugin written by Evgeny Gridasov evgeny. Skip to content. Some third-party products are not quite upfront about being OpenVPN wrappers, so if you use an SSL VPN Gateway appliance, make sure to double-check the documentation to see if this guide applies to you.

OpenVPN has a pretty staggering amount of them, some of which are deprecated or have subtle security impacts that are not well explained. On top of that, OpenVPN is a pretty old project so there is a lot of advice hanging around on the Internet that is either out of date, incomplete, or just plain wrong. This article aims to be a one stop, up-to-date hardening and configuration guide for OpenVPN in This article will cover a number of hardening options and general best practices broken down into related sections.

Each section will include some background, an explanation of the rationale for the specific options it recommends, and a sample configuration snippet that implements it, culminating in a full sample configuration file at the end of the article. Configuration parameters are passed either through the command line or, more commonly, through a profile file, a plain text file with the.

Configuration directives are given one per line, with arguments if any for each separated by spaces. Double quotes are used for strings, and lines that begin with or ; are comments; the OpenVPN manual recommends that be used for text comments and ; be used to comment out directives, but the two characters are otherwise interchangeable.

Some options that accept file paths as an argument, such as the client certificate, can be embedded inside the configuration file. This is advantageous since it reduces the number of files you have to manage.

To embed them, you can use an XML-like tag such as this:. Key distribution can also be a challenge. Since keys can be embedded in OpenVPN configuration files, one option is to email each user their config file in an encrypted zip file and transmit the password to them in another manner such as SMS, but overall this is something that will have to be decided for each individual environment depending on existing infrastructure and policies.

Here is the most basic OpenVPN server configuration file:. Here is the most basic OpenVPN client configuration file:. These are taken from the OpenVPN sample configuration files and are missing a number of desirable options security and non-security related , so check out the sample file or keep reading for more info.

Using UDP produces higher throughput and lower latency as it avoids the TCP Meltdown Problem but may not work very well on restrictive networks such as coffee shops.

Our example will use UDP on the default port , but swapping to, e. In general, use TUN mode — it provides better performance and is the only supported mode on mobile platforms — unless you explicitly need a Layer 2 link such as for carrying Layer 2 broadcast traffic or non-IP protocols for instance.

On both server and client:. On the server only:. This will cause the OpenVPN process to drop all its privileges after starting, which makes it more difficult to attack the rest of the server or escalate privileges if the process is compromised due to successful exploitation of a vulnerability e.

This is unfortunately not feasible to set on clients for a number of reasons, such as lack of support on non-Linux OSs. Compression over VPN links is of very minimal benefit since most traffic is either already compressed such as images or video , or incompressible encrypted data such as HTTPS connections.

OpenVPN uses TLS for its control channel; the data channel where your packets actually go is multiplexed over the same connection but uses a separate cipher and key negotiated over the control channel.

TLS offers essentially 4 points of configuration:. In general, you want to use the best possible option for each, taking into account what will be available on your clients. We will, therefore, set TLS 1. Because of the changes in TLS 1. Both options are Authenticated Encryption schemes, which provide both message secrecy and message integrity at the same time, and as a result, are faster and more secure than having a separate integrity mechanism.

We recommend a bit key length for AES as opposed to the default bit one. If that bothers you, feel free to swap to bit instead. When using ECDHE, clients have to additionally negotiate which elliptic curve to use for key exchange out of a large number of standardized curves chosen by different organizations and with different security properties.

A discussion of the relative merits of different curves would require a large amount of background on how elliptic curve cryptography works and is not relevant for this document. Putting it all together on both server and client:.

OpenVPN uses mutual certificate authentication… which means you have to deal with all the complexities that entails. First off, that means having a way to revoke compromised certificates, which gets very complicated very fast.

OpenVPN allows you to specify a CRL certificate revocation list file in the configuration, which will contain a list of revoked certificates; connections using those certificates will be rejected. Depending on the level of security appropriate for your use, you could just leave it there and acknowledge the chance that your server could be compromised and its certificate stolen.

In that case, the attacker who stole it could perform a man-in-the-middle attack on your clients, potentially compromising them or stealing sensitive data. Doing so would mean that a compromised certificate would have a small window of opportunity for use, and an attacker would need to maintain persistent access to a server which you would hopefully detect and remove in order to keep getting valid certificates.

Considering this, some thought will have to be put into how to do this in each environment. The example configuration in this document will simply not handle revocations at all on clients and use a static CRL file on the server. First, OpenVPN does not perform verification of certificates beyond checking the certificate is signed by the right CA by default..

For a hardened setup, you need to set it to do 2 additional verifications. First, that the remote certificate is being used for its intended purpose using the certificates Extended Key Usage flags. Second, that the client is talking to the right server. For now, use this on the server:.

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