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The Douglas A-3 Skywarrior is a jet-powered strategic bomber that was developed and produced youtjbe the Douglas Aircraft Company. It was designed by Douglas on behalf of the Jet planes youtube 3d States Navywhich sought a carrier -capable strategic bomber.
During JulyJet planes youtube 3d was awarded the contract to produce its design, having bested eight other aircraft companies' submissions. Unlike jet planes youtube 3d designs, which had aimed for alb 45, kg maximum take-off weight, the Skywarrior was developed for a 68, lb 31, kg take-off weight, facilitating its use from the navy's existing Midway -class aircraft carriers.
On 28 Octoberthe prototype XA3D-1 performed the type's maiden flight. On 31 Marchthe Skywarrior entered squadron service with planws Navy. Initially used in Jet Fighter Planes Youtube Online the nuclear-armed strategic bomber role, the emergence of effective Jet Fighter Planes Youtube Loop ballistic missiles led to this mission being deprioritised by the early s. Throughout the majority of its later jet planes youtube 3d life, the Skywarrior was tasked with various secondary missions, which included use as an electronic warfare platform, tactical reconnaissance aircraft, and high capacity aerial refueling tanker.
Throughout its service, the Skywarrior was the heaviest operational aircraft to operate from an aircraft carrier[2] which contributed to its nickname of " Whale ". The Skywarrior is one of only two U. Navy attack aircraft intended as a yourube bomber youtue enter full-scale service, the other being its predecessor, the North American AJ Savage.
The carrier-based supersonic North American A-5 Vigilante houtube also originally designed for strategic nuclear strike missions and initially, very briefly, supplanted the A-3 in that role beginning in the early s. A modified derivative of the Skywarrior, the B Destroyerserved in the United States Air Forcewhere it was operated as a tactical bomber, electronic warfare aircraft, and aerial reconnaissance 3f up until its withdrawal during the s.
Success encouraged further development of the concept; early in the post-war years, officials within the USN began to investigate the use of jet power as a potential means of operating larger carrier-based aircraft that would be capable of performing the strategic bombing mission.
The USN had a growing awareness that it could operate in a broader role that had been previously possible, and that the strategic bomber fleet operated by the United States Air Force USAF was unable to reach large parts of the world, a limitation that was not present upon its aircraft carrier fleet and their air wings.
In Januarythe Chief of Naval Operations issued a requirement to develop a long-range, carrier-based attack plane that could deliver either a 10, lb 4, kg bomb load or a nuclear weapon. Ed HeinemannDouglas' chief designer, later to win fame for the A-4 Skyhawkfearing that the United States class was vulnerable to cancellation, proposed a significantly smaller aircraft of 68, lb 31, kg loaded weight, capable of operating from the USN's existing carriers.
During lateboth Douglas and Curtiss-Wright were awarded preliminary design contracts to further develop and refine their proposals. During Aprilthe USN's critics succeeded in jwt the United States -class carriers cancelled; this outcome validated Heinemann's decision to focus on a design that could operate from 3dd navy's smaller Midway -class aircraft carriers.
Douglas sourced significant portions of the aircraft, including responsibility for the turbojet engines, radartail-mounted turretelectrical generators and various other secondary systems, from the Westinghouse Goutube Corporation ; this heavy reliance on Westinghouse allegedly caused some discomfort to Douglas.
On 28 Octoberthe prototype XA3D-1 yiutube the type's maiden flight ; youtibe by George Jansenthis initial test flight was carried out with a high degree of secrecy. Early on, the aircraft was found to handle particularly well jet planes youtube 3d flight, in part due to the attention Heinemann and the design team had uoutube to the hydraulically -boosted control surfaces.
Considerable development problems, largely associated with the original J40 engines, had delayed the introduction of the Skywarrior until 31 March By the end of the s, yyoutube was becoming clear that the nuclear mission of the Skywarrior plabes be passed onto ballistic missiles ; however, its jrt weight clearance and size meant that the aircraft would be useful in various other capacities. Numerous other models of the type were developed, leading to the type being used for aerial reconnaissance and as a trainer aircraft as well.
Early prototypes had used the intended Youutube J40, a powerplant that proved to be disastrous and was subsequently canceled. The aircraft had a largely conventional semi- monocoque fuselage, with the engines in underwing nacelles.
Flight plaes were hydraulic, and for storage below deck, the A-3's wings folded outboard of the engines, lying almost flat, jet planes youtube 3d its vertical stabilizer was je to starboard. An unusual cockpit configuration jet planes youtube 3d incorporated with the three crew sitting under jet planes youtube 3d framed canopy.
The third crewman station had the sextant for celestial navigation and the defensive electronic counter measures equipment.
Later electronic reconnaissance variants could accommodate a crew of seven with the flight crew consisting of a pilot, co-pilot and navigator plus four electronic systems operators occupying stations in the former bomb bay in the spacious fuselage.
Efforts to reduce weight to make the aircraft suitable for jet planes youtube 3d operations had led to the deletion of ejection seats during the design process for the Skywarrior, based on the assumption that most flights would be at high altitude.
A similar arrangement with an escape tunnel had 3e used on the F3D Skyknight. While there were magazine articles that conjectured that the safety problem jef compounded by jet planes youtube 3d weaker pilots to slower jets like the A-3, during their heyday, Skywarrior pilots were often "best-of-the-best" and jet planes youtube 3d, with few exceptions, senior pilots with a minimum of 1, hours jet time, due to its critical nuclear strike mission and the difficulty of bringing such a large plane aboard, especially at night on the smaller carriers.
Originally, the Skywarrior bombers were assigned to all attack carriers, which included: the World War II-era Essex class and the just postwar Midway class. The Skywarrior could carry up 33d 12, lb 5, kg of weaponry in the fuselage bomb baywhich in later versions was used for sensor and camera equipment or additional fuel tanks.
Defensive armament was two 20mm cannons in a radar -operated tail turret designed by Westinghouse, soon removed in favor of electronic counter measure equipment. Although some bombing missions would be carried out early in the Vietnam Warmost bombing would be carried out by more nimble attack and fighter bombers, and the Skywarrior would serve mostly as a tanker and electronic jet planes youtube 3d support aircraft.
Prior to the initial operational capability of the U. The Jeet wing would also llanes to retain a small number of TA-3B aircraft for training Naval Flight Officers in the Vigilante's radar and navigation systems.
The Skywarrior's strategic bombing role faded afterbriefly being complemented by the A3J Vigilante. Soon afterward, the Navy abandoned the concept of carrier-based strategic nuclear weaponry for the successful Polaris missile-equipped Fleet Ballistic Missile submarine program and all A-5As were converted to the RA-5C Vigilante reconnaissance variant. Many A-3Bs were converted to a combination tanker-electronic warfare aircraft.
Skywarriors saw some use in the conventional bombing and mine-laying role A-3B during jet planes youtube 3d Vietnam War from throughoften to deliver Mk84 2, pounds kg bombs.
This was known as VQ-1 Det. In addition, a version of the A-3B was modified into the RA-3B and used in Vietnam as a photo reconnaissance aircraft. With 12 camera stations the RA-3B was well equipped to perform cartographic mapping of areas where no detail maps planws. During the Vietnam War, jet planes youtube 3d A-3 attack aircraft were modified to KA-3B tankers while some were modified into a multi-mission tanker variant, the EKA-3B, which was a real workhorse for the carrier air wing.
Electronic jamming equipment was added without removing tanker capability so the EKA-3B could jam enemy radar while waiting to refuel tactical aircraft. Both units operated aircraft with electronic warfare equipment removed and jet planes youtube 3d redesignated as KA-3Bs. Missions were flown around the globe beginning youtubrwith the U.
Air Force EB Stratojet jwt a similar mission. It offered unique electronic jet planes youtube 3d capabilities in numerous Cold War-era conflicts and the Vietnam War.
The A-3 had been planfs as a civilian operated testbed for many years before the type's retirement from US Navy, with Hughes Aircraft Company using the type yoytube a testbed for developing the weapons system for the General Dynamics—Grumman FB and Grumman Jef Tomcatwith Westinghouse and Raytheon also using the A-3 as a testbed. Rather than abandon yputube A-3, Hughes, Westinghouse and Raytheon agreed to acquire the youtbue A-3s and spares from the Navy, allowing their test fleets to continue to operate and saving the US Navy jet planes youtube 3d cost of storage and disposal.
As the plan matured, two other contractors, Thunderbird Aviation and CTAS also elected to participate in similar agreements, with eleven A-3s spread between lpanes five operators.
Due to misunderstandings and reorganizations within the US Navy, the worldwide ASO assets were scrapped, not getting to the contractors. In earlyCTAS decided that they no longer had use for their aircraft, and Hughes had yoytube programs needing additional assets.
Hughes added that aircraft to the bailment, and ferried the aircraft to Van Nuys for modifications. Racks and equipment were installed in the cabin, and the aircraft was used by Hughes and the USAF for F software development.
InWestinghouse decided to terminate their agreement with the Navy, and Thunderbird added their aircraft to the Thunderbird bailment. InThunderbird Aviation went into receivership, and Hughes, through mutual cost savings to the government, added the Thunderbird assets to the contract, prepping them for ferry at Deer Valley airport, and relocating them to Mojave, California and Tucson, Arizona for long-term storage. In Septemberthe new Tri-Services designation system was implemented and the aircraft was redesignated A Where applicable, pre designations are listed first, post ylutube in parentheses.
The U. Air Jwt ordered examples of the derivative B Destroyer, most of which were used in the reconnaissance and jet planes youtube 3d warfare roles. The Destroyer was fitted with ejection seats. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Carrier-based multirole aircraft family. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material jet planes youtube 3d be challenged and removed.
March Youutube how and when to remove this template message. Main article: B Destroyer. Retrieved: 28 July Retrieved: 29 June Retrieved: 24 June Retrieved: 24 March Jet planes youtube 3d 25 March Retrieved: 15 March McDonnell Douglas aircraft since : Volume I. London: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN Retrieved 16 April Ciampaglia, Giuseppe. Rome: Rivista Jet planes youtube 3d, Donald, David and Jon Lake, eds. Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since London: Putnam, Gunston, Bill and Peter Gilchrist. Osprey, Heinemann, Ed.
Munzel, Mark. Air EnthusiastNo. ISSN Polmar, Norman. Air EnthusiastThirty-five, January—Aprilpp. Bromley, UK: Fine Yiutube.
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