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1950-jet-planes-valuation A jet airliner or jetliner is an airliner powered by jet engines (passenger jet aircraft). Airliners usually have two or four jet engines; three-engined designs were popular in the s but are less common today. Airliners are commonly classified as either the large wide-body aircraft, medium narrow-body aircraft and smaller regional jet. Most airliners today are powered by jet engines, because they are capable of safely operating at high speeds and generate sufficient thrust to power large-capacity. Палубная авиация в е гг. достигла, вероятно, своего зенита. Корабли-авианосцы имели Австралия, Канада, Франция, Голландия, Англия и США. Неоднократно эти суда применялись для распространения силы на расстояния во многие тысячи километров: Корея и Суэц лишь два тому примера.  В начале х гг. характеристики реактивных самолетов еще мало отличались от машин с поршневыми двигателями, но уже в конце десятилетия военно-морских сил США получили сверхзвуковой самолет («Воут» F-8U «Крузейдер»), и ожидали машину со скоростью, вдвое превышающей звуковую — «Макдоннелл Дуглас» F-4 «Фантом II». A реактивный авиалайнер или реактивный лайнер - авиалайнер с реактивными двигателями (пассажирский реактивный самолет). Авиалайнеры обычно имеют два или четыре реактивных двигателя; Трехмоторные конструкции были популярны в х годах, но сегодня они менее распространены. Авиалайнеры обычно классифицируются как длинномасштабные широкофюзеляжные или узкофюзеляжные. Archived from the original on 2 January Lavochkin La Anaconda. Kamov Ka Tupolev Tu Bear. Lockheed XFV Salmon.

CAC Winjeel. Canadair CL Sabre. Canadair CP Argus. Canadair CT Silver Star. Cessna Skyhawk. Cessna Skylane. Cessna O-1 Bird Dog L Cessna T Tweet. Dassault MD. Dassault Super Mystere. Dornier Do 28 Skyservant.

Douglas A2D Skyshark. Douglas A-3 Skywarrior. Douglas A-4 Skyhawk. Douglas C Globemaster II. Douglas C Cargomaster. Douglas DC Douglas F5D Skylancer. Douglas F6D Missileer. Douglas X-3 Stiletto. English Electric Canberra. Fairchild C Provider. Fairey E. Fairey Gannet. FFA P Fiat Aeritalia G. Fiat G. Fletcher FD Defender. Fokker F27 Friendship. Fokker S. Fouga CM. Gloster Javelin. Goodyear GA Grumman AF Guardian. Grumman F9F Cougar.

Grumman OV-1 Mohawk. Grumman S-2 Tracker S2F. Grumman Sapphire Cougar. Grumman XF10F Jaguar. Handley Page Victor. Hawker Armstrong Whitworth Sea Hawk. Hawker Hunter. Hawker P. Ilyushin IL Coot. Ilyushin IL Brawny. Kaman HH Huskie.

Kamov Ka Hen. Kamov Ka Hog. Kamov Ka Lavochkin La Anaconda. Lockheed C Hercules. Lockheed F Starfighter. Lockheed F Starfire. Lockheed Martin U-2 Dragon Lady. Lockheed XFV Salmon. Martin B Canberra. Martin P4M Mercator. Martin P5M Marlin. Martin P6M SeaMaster.

McDonnell F Voodoo. McDonnell F3H Demon. McDonnell Model McDonnell RF Voodoo. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG Fresco. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG Farmer. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG Fishbed. Mikoyan-Gurevich SN. Mil Mi-1 Hare. Mil Mi-4 Hound. Nord Griffon. Nord Nord Harpon. North American F Super Sabre. North American FJ-4 Fury. The Mach 2 Concorde entered service in and flew for 27 years. The fastest military jet aircraft was the SR Blackbird at Mach 3. Most people use the term 'jet aircraft' to denote gas turbine based airbreathing jet engines , but rockets and scramjets are both also propelled by jet propulsion.

Cruise missiles are single-use unmanned jet aircraft, powered predominately by ramjets or turbojets or sometimes turbofans, but they will often have a rocket propulsion system for initial propulsion. The fastest airbreathing jet aircraft is the unmanned X scramjet at around Mach 9— The fastest manned rocket aircraft is the X at Mach 6. The Space Shuttle , while far faster than the X or X, was not regarded as an aircraft during ascent as it was carried ballistically by rocket thrust, rather than the air.

During re-entry it was classed like a glider as an unpowered Jet2 New Planes Valuation aircraft. The first flight was in The Bell , Lockheed XH , and Sikorsky S are examples of compound helicopter designs where jet exhaust added to forward thrust. Jet-powered wingsuits exist - powered by model aircraft jet engines - but of short duration and needing to be launched at height. Because of the way they work, the typical exhaust speed of jet engines is transonic or faster, therefore most jet aircraft need to fly at high speeds, either supersonic or speeds just below the speed of sound " transonic " so as to achieve efficient flight.

Aerodynamics is therefore an important consideration. Jet aircraft are usually designed using the Whitcomb area rule , which says that the total area of cross-section of the aircraft at any point along the aircraft from the nose must be approximately the same as that of a Sears-Haack body. A shape with that property minimises the production of shockwaves which would waste energy. Rockets are the oldest type and are mainly used when extremely high speeds or extremely high altitudes are needed.

Due to the extreme, typically hypersonic , exhaust velocity and the necessity of oxidiser being carried on board, they consume propellant extremely quickly. For this reason, they are not practical for routine transportation. Turbojets are the second oldest type; it has a high, usually supersonic, exhaust speed and low frontal cross-section, and so is best suited to high-speed, usually supersonic, flight.

Although once widely used, they are relatively inefficient compared to turboprop and turbofans for subsonic flight. The last major aircraft to use turbojets were Concorde and Tu supersonic transports. Low bypass turbofans have a lower exhaust speed than turbojets and are mostly used for high sonic, transonic, and low supersonic speeds.

High bypass turbofans are used for subsonic aircraft and are quite efficient and are widely used for airliners. One difference is that jet engines respond relatively slowly. This complicates takeoff and landing maneuvers. In particular, during takeoff, propeller aircraft engines blow air over their wings and that gives more lift and a shorter takeoff.

It can also be stated as the proportion of the mechanical energy actually used to propel the aircraft. In addition, propulsive efficiency is greatly dependent on air density 1950 Jet Planes Kitchen and airspeed. The cycle efficiency, in percent, is the proportion of energy that can be derived from the energy source that is converted to mechanical energy by the engine. For jet aircraft the propulsive efficiency essentially energy efficiency is highest when the engine emits an exhaust jet at a speed that is the same as, or nearly the same as, the vehicle velocity.

The exact formula for air-breathing engines as given in the literature, [17] [18] is. For a long range jet operating in the stratosphere , the speed of sound is constant, hence flying at fixed angle of attack and constant Mach number causes the aircraft to climb, without changing the value of the local speed of sound.

In this case:. The range equation can be shown to be:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the Rumania Montevideo album, see Jet Plane. Aircraft class powered by jet propulsion engines. Main article: Jet engine. Main article: Propulsive efficiency. Main article: Range aircraft. Archived from the original on 20 October Retrieved 6 May Retrieved: 26 September Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, ISBN IEEE Spectrum. Archived from the original on 30 January Retrieved 1 August Archived from the original on 2 January

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