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Silverline 1. Calculate the speed and percentage change in torque if the load is reduced so that the motor is taking 30 A. Total resistance of the armature and field circuits is 0. Assume flux is proportional to the field current. Find approximate time to attain full speed when starting from rest against full-load torque if starting current varies between 1. Let us suppose that the starting current has a steady value of 1.

The moment of inertia of the rotating system is 7. If the starting current is 1. Electrical Technology, Gujarat Univ. Speed of a D. Motor From the voltage equation of a motor Art. Speed Regulation The term speed regulation refers to the change in speed of a motor with change in applied load torque, other conditions remaining constant. By change in speed here is meant the change which occurs under these conditions due to inherent properties of the motor itself and not those changes which are affected through manipulation of rheostats or other speed-controlling devices.

The speed regulation is defined as the change in speed when the load on the motor is reduced from rated value to zero, expressed as percent of the rated load speed. Torque and Speed of a D. Motor It will be proved that though torque of a motor is admittedly a function of flux and armature current, yet it is independent of speed.

In fact, it is the speed which depends on torque and not vice- versa. It cannot be so because torque always tends to produce rotation. If torque increases, motor speed must increase rather than decrease. The apparent inconsistency between the above two equa- tions can be reconciled in the following way : Suppose that the flux of a motor is decreased by decreasing the field current.

Then, following sequence of events take place : 1. Moreover, a small reduction in flux produces a proportionately large increase in armature current. This increase in Ta produces an increase in motor speed.

It is seen from above that with the applied voltage V held constant, motor speed varies inversely as the flux. However, it is possible to increase flux and, at the same time, increase the speed provided Ia is held constant as is actually done in a d. A 4-pole series motor has wave-connected armature conductors. At a certain load, the flux per pole is Calculate the line current taken by the motor and the speed at which it will run with an applied voltage of V.

Total motor resistance is 3 ohm. A V shunt motor runs at r. The total armature and shunt field resistances are respectively 0. Calculate the speed when loaded and taking 50 A. Assume the flux to be constant. Its armature circuit resistance is 0. Find the speed at which the motor runs at a line current of 25 A, assuming that the flux at this current is 45 per cent of the flux at A. Electrical Machinery - I, Banglore Univ.

At no load, the speed is 1, r. On application of rated load, the speed drops to 1, r. Determine the line current and power input when the motor delivers rated load. Technology, Kerala Univ. A belt-driven kW, shunt generator running at r.

What will be its speed? C Winter Solution. Motor I sh Effective armature resistance is 0. Calculate speed of machine as a motor taking 40 A at V.

Electrical Machines-I, Gujarat Univ. Consider the case when the machine runs as a motor on no-load. When it generates E b0 A V shunt motor giving If the flux is reduced by 20 percent of its normal value before the speed changes, find the instantaneous value of the armature current and the torque.

Determine the final value of the armature current and speed. A V, d. The resistance of armature at standstill gives a drop of 6 volts across armature terminals when 10 A were passed through it. Calculate a speed on load b torque in N-m and c efficiency. The normal input of the motor is 8 kW. Electrotechnics-II; M. N N0 Eb0 The input to V, d. Calculate a the torque developed b the efficiency c the speed at this load.

Technology ; Bombay University Solution. The armature circuit resistance of a When the motor takes 80 A, speed is r. Calculate the speed when the current is A. B, Solution. A volt d. Calculate at what speed the motor will run when developing half the torque. Total resistance of the armature and field is 0. Assume that the magnetic circuit is unsaturated. Machines ; A.

The armature is lap-wound with conductors and flux per pole is expressed by the relation. If supply voltage and torque are both halved, calculate the speed at which the motor will run. Ignore stray losses. Machines, Nagpur Univ.

Let us first find Ra. Calculate the torque in newton-metre developed by a V d. A 4-pole, lap-connected d. If the flux per pole is 0. When connected to constant V bus-bars and driven as a generator at r. Calculate its speed when running as a motor and absorbing kW from the same bus-bars. The armature current of a series motor is 60 A when on full-load. If the load is adjusted to that this current decreases to A, find the new torque expressed as a percentage of the full-load torque.

A 4-pole, d. Brush contact drop is 1V per brush. Determine the speed of the machine when running a as a motor taking 60 A and b as a generator supplying A.

The terminal voltage in each case is V. A kW shunt generator is delivering full output to V bus-bars and is driven at r. The belt breaks suddenly but the machine continues to run as a motor taking 25 kW from the bus-bars. At what speed does it run? Take armature resistance including brush contact resistance as 0. Technology, Andhra Univ. The flux per pole is 20 mWb and the armature has a resistance of 0. Calculate the motor speed when the machine is operating from a V supply and taking a current of 60 A.

When loaded and taking a total input of 25 kW, it runs at r. Find the speed at which it must be driven as a shunt generator to supply a power output of 25 kW at a terminal voltage of V. Calculate the speed at which it will run from a V supply when taking an armature current of 15 A.

The resistance of the armature circuit is 0. A shunt machine connected to A mains has an armature resistance of 0. Find the ratio of the speed of the machine as a generator to the speed as a motor, if line current is 80 A in both cases.

A kW d. Calculate the speed at which the machine will run as a motor taking an input of 20 kW from a V d. Engg-I Bombay Univ. A 4-pole, V, d. Calculate the torque developed by the armature and the useful torque in newton-metre when the current taken by the motor is 30A. The rotational losses amount to W. Motor Motor Characteristics The characteristic curves of a motor are those curves which show relationships between the following quantities.

Torque and armature current i. It is known as electrical characteristic. Speed and armature current i. Speed and torque i. It is also known as mechanical characteristic. It can be found from 1 and 2 above. Characteristics of Series Motors 1. But as Ia increases, Ta increases as the square of the current.

So the characteristic becomes a straight line. The shaft torque Tsh is less than armature torque due to stray losses. It is shown dotted in the figure. So we conclude that prior to magnetic saturation on heavy loads, a series motor exerts a torque proportional to the square of armature current. Hence, in cases where huge starting torque is required for accelerating heavy masses quickly as in hoists and electric trains etc.

Hence, speed varies inversely as armature current as shown in Fig. When load is heavy, Ia is large. Hence, speed is low this decreases Eb and allows more armature current to flow. But when load current and hence Ia falls to a small value, speed becomes danger- ously high.

Hence, a series motor should never be started without some mechanical not belt-driven load on it otherwise it may develop excessive speed and get damaged due to heavy centrifugal forces so produced. It should be noted that series motor is a variable speed motor. It is found from above that when speed is high, torque is low and vice-versa.

The relation between the two is as shown in Fig. Characteristics of Shunt Motors 1. Hence, the electrical characteristic as shown in Fig.

Shaft torque is shown dotted. Since a heavy starting load will need a heavy starting current, shunt motor should never be started on heavy load.

As Eb is also practically constant, speed is, for most purposes, constant Fig. Hence, the actual speed curve is slightly drooping as shown by the dotted line in Fig. But, for all practical purposes, shunt motor is taken as a constant-speed motor. Because there is no appreciable change in the speed of a shunt motor from no-load to full- load, it may be connected to loads which are totally and suddenly thrown off without any fear of excessive speed resulting.

Due to the constancy of their speed, shunt motors are suitable for driving shafting, machine tools, lathes, wood-working machines and for all other purposes where an approximately constant speed is required.

Compound Motors These motors have both series and shunt windings. If series excitation helps the shunt excitation i. If on the other hand, series field opposes the shunt field, then the motor is said to be differentially compounded. The characteristics of such motors lie in between those of shunt and series motors as shown in Fig. Motor the load is likely to be removed totally Series such as in some types of coal cutting Field machines or for driving heavy machine tools which have to take sudden cuts Shunt quite often.

Due to shunt windings, Field speed will not become excessively high but due to series windings, it will be able to take heavy loads. In conjunc- a b tion with fly-wheel functioning as load equalizer , it is employed where there Fig.

The fly-wheel supplies its stored kinetic energy when motor slows down due to sudden heavy load. And when due to the removal of load motor speeds up, it gathers up its kinetic energy. Compound-wound motors have greatest application with loads that require high starting torques or pulsating loads because such motors smooth out the energy demand required of a pulsating load.

They are used to drive electric shovels, metal-stamping machines, reciprocat- ing pumps, hoists and compressors etc. Due to this reason, there is a decrease in the rate at which the motor torque increases with load. Such motors are not in common use.

But because they can be designed to give an accurately constant speed under all conditions, they find limited application for experimental and research work.

One of the biggest drawback of such a motor is that due to weakening of flux with increases in load, there is a tendency towards speed instability and motor running away unless designed properly. The following results were obtained from a static torque test on a series motor : Current A : 20 30 40 50 Torque N - m : Resistance of armature and field winding is 0. Ignore iron and friction losses.

A fan which requires 8 h. Calculate the input to the motor when the supply voltage is V, assuming that power required for fan varies as the cube of the speed. For the purpose of obtaining the magnetisation characteristics, the motor was running as a self-excited generator at r. London Solution. Let us, by way of illustration, calculate the speed and output when motor is running off a V supply and taking a current of 7A.

For a speed of r. Input currrent A 7 V Motor E. V Speed N r. Since motor output equals the input to fan, hence the intersection point of these curves gives the value of motor input current under the given conditions.

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