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Yet here I am, still kicking. In all of these cases the common factor has been money. Or moving money from one country to another country. Thus I get real suspicious of the predictions. Al Gore did not get elected so he found another scam. Made millions in speaking and investments because of his failed, and high inaccurate, climate predictions. According to Al we should have all been suffering through draughts, ice caps completely eradicated, summers where people are dying by the thousands from excess heat.
None of it came true, not one of his predictions. All it did was fatten his wallet. I used to think that old people were just crotchety and bitter because they were old. Now I are one. We are not crotchety and bitter, we are just highly skeptical of anything claimed by the government or others with an agenda and money is involved. Welcome, and thanks for the links. There is a limit of 4 links per comment or you get sent to moderation. Rick or I usually are here to approve the comment IF you comment that you seem to be stuck in moderation in a fresh comment.
Depending on the day though, I might be away from my desk. Best to stick to four per…. So I see a bit of a discussion regarding knives and guns at school. Here are 2-cents from a certified crotchety old man, curmudgeon if you will. All during my K school days, through , I always carried a knife, every boy and most girls did. In fact, my high school and all the high schools in the Northern Chicago suburbs had gun clubs and in-school shooting ranges. There were shooting competitions between the schools, just like the other sports.
I carried my Marlin 22 magnum single-shot bolt-action 3x scope to school every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. I was a pretty good shot and won several inter-school competitions. Like the knives, our guns were taken away in Pipes all seem OK.
Friends that live in Boerne, TX, are still out of water. Count your blessings. It will be fun watching what Dumbocrats will balk. Went to high school in the 60s.
We had a gun club, most pickups had gun racks, and everyone had a pocket knife. Fights in the back parking lot were frequent but no one ever used a weapon. We were a different people then, no school shootings or bombings. In fact, if someone had tried to shoot up our school, the football team would have sought him out and pounded him flat, not hid cowering in the corner.
A different people. Fairly silly considering the small size. Threw one in the trash at a water park rather than walk a mile back to the car. Once at a hockey game but my son-in-law took care of it. Turns out he placed it in a planter outside but we forgot about it after the game. My daughter went by the arena a couple of days later and retrieved it.
All major roads are cleared and power is looking good. Some water mains have burst causing outages but not my neighborhood thankfully.
The worst is behind us. I learned a few lessons. Top item on my list is more reliable power. The threat of legal action apparently lit some fires. MIL is incarcerated according to her at Blue Skys, a senior living facility located west of I on highway She had intermittent power for three days, now power is steady.
Blue Skys is probably the nicest place the MIL has ever lived. But she still complains. Is quickly turning the place into piles of junk just like her old place. Kept stuff from the old place that made absolutely no sense. She kept grocery store receipts from forward. Several bags full of receipts.
But MIL is now in a safe environment. She was no longer capable of taking care of her house and it was really beginning to show.
MIL has a cell phone that after much effort has her old home phone number attached. But she has real problems using the phone. So I purchased the cell land line thingy from Verizon, shipped it to her, with a phone attached. We told her when she receives it to just plug it in. So MIL looks for a phone jack and tells us there is none in the place. After she has the device for a couple of days we will move her cell number old home phone number to the cell device.
Then get a new number for her cell phone. We cannot swap because there are different providers involved. At that point cell phone should only be used when outside the facility and as emergency backup. Everything MIL has done in this entire process has made the process much more difficult than it should have been.
From pushing decisions until it was almost too late, flat out refusing to do some needed actions, keeping stuff that was unnecessary, and generally being a real pain to deal with. I have her taxes ready but she refuses to let me e-file. She has a refund so the deadline is about three years in the future. No do Kalifornia, fcuktard, where you live and work. And, Butto for Governor? Geez, come out of your bubble. Yeah, he poked the pooch on that one. What they do probably qualifies under IRS regulations.
There are a bunch of types of non-profits besides charities: fraternal organizations, social clubs, etc. About the Baen flap. One of the authors that publishes via Baen has written a defense of Baen. What makes this different than most is that Flint is a self-described socialist with the bona fides for that. Triggering events that you have previously set AND discussed with your kids well ahead of time am I eating an entire bunch of bananas at one sitting?
Execute plan x with my blessing; am I leaving the stove lit and unattended y times a week? She will likely be in her thirties when we start our aged decline. Daughter one has a sore throat and feels miserable. No fever, but white patches in the back of the throat. Someone please tell me a single thing he could or should be doing that would make a difference. Cruz made a mistake flying commercial. I recommend to all I know to have these is place — NOW, you never know what might happen.
Your attorneys are not allowed to act whilst you have sound mind, without your agreement. Also, are you aware of? I have done a lot of that with my son. Told him what I want to do, and when it should be done. I have also told that if my future demise goes the way of previous relatives, I will lose my mind first.
I have told him to ignore anything cruel or angry I say to him during those times. It is no longer me he is dealing with as I am no longer myself. It is an unpleasant discussion for certain. Dealing with the aunt taught me a lot, some of it very hurtful, some of it very angry. I also found out the government does not make it easy to do what is right as their interests are not our interests. My grandparents went the same path although I had nothing to do with that, just got the narrative from my mother.
I have informed my son where all the critical papers are located. I have told him how to find financial accounts. He has emergency access to my password file to get passwords and user names to critical accounts. I have told my son that he will not take care of me, as in his home or my home, under any circumstances.
If I need care get a professional facility. I have also told my son that if I become incapacitated that no extraordinary measures will be used to extend my life. I will instead be given medication to eliminate the pain and discomfort, breathing assistance for comfort. No feeding tubes allowed. Water if necessary orally or by IV. More than likely he would have made things worse. He is not an expert, just lip service. Unless he can spew more hot air than normal he would have only gotten in the way.
Others probably left the area for some place with power, why not him? What sets him apart is being sneaky and then back pedaling when caught. A simple honest answer would be refreshing. And I go by what the Old Testament says, if a prophet prophecies do not come true then stone him or her. And I am really tired of this crap. America last!
And, China is a developing nation? WTF, over? Keep in mind the MSM is desperately trying to turn Texas blue. On the momentous day of January 6, as a huge mob of rabid Donald Trump supporters stormed the US Capitol, spurred on by a rogue president set on whipping up mayhem on his way out of Washington, Bill Gates was sitting quietly at home in Seattle, glued to his television. Fourteen hours of TV-watching was a record for me; a day of mostly lows, although the ending was positive.
Telemedicine screen said — treat symptoms unless fever, then come by for an exam. Daughters have been so healthy they really get upset by even very minor sickness.
Hah, first neighborhood group request for a hose bib. I knew they would realize it at some point. Well…he could have stayed in Cancun…one less person using electricity in Texas.
If instead this is a difficulty for him, he should have stayed and accepted this as a learning experience for his own situation preps! Now, Senator Cruz is not guilty of that behavior, but he is coming close and should think on this a bit. The cable guy is usually better equipped than the plumber or the electrician. Not stored in your unairconditioned garage or attic esp.
Triggering events that you have previously set AND discussed with your kids well ahead of time. I maintain that the first sign of civilization is pressurized drinkable water at your house and business.
The second sign of civilization is a Colt Peacemaker. I lost all mine in the Brazod River while canoeing. Yeah, just heard from my DBA friend and he basically told me the same thing.
But Google is often faster than waiting for an over-burdened resource. We went through the multi-thousand dollar electricity bills a couple of years ago in the summer.
Griddy has zero hedging, you pay what any other direct customer pays on the Texas electric grid. Which BTW, is a tenth of a penny right now for each kwh. I had one person tell me he buys Griddy with a home generator and just rushes home and starts the generator every time the prices jump.
That is crazy. And asking the Houston PD for a lights and sirens escort to the airport…and a Police escort out of the airport terminal after his return flight. Just askin for my shaggy-lookin friend Ted here…seems he had to cancel his appointment at the shop in Cancun for some reason.
Those discussions happened several years ago. Relationships are a little better but still on a precipitous edge. Barbershops have been open since … May? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.
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Necessary Necessary. Functional Functional. Performance Performance. Analytics Analytics. The early decades of the province were ones in which issues of land use—specifically, its settlement and development—were paramount. This included expropriation from First Nations people of their land, control over its resources, as well as the ability to trade in some resources such as the fishery.
Establishing a labour force to develop the province was problematic from the start, and British Columbia was the locus of immigration from Europe, China, Japan and India. The influx of a non- European population stimulated resentment from the dominant ethnic groups, resulting in agitation much of it successful to restrict the ability of Asian people to immigrate to British Columbia through the imposition of a head tax.
This resentment culminated in mob attacks against Chinese and Japanese immigrants in Vancouver in and The subsequent Komagata Maru incident in , where hundreds of Indians were denied entry into Vancouver, was also a direct result of the anti-Asian resentment at the time.
By , almost all Chinese immigration had been blocked except for merchants, professionals, students and investors. Meanwhile, the province continued to grow.
This opened up the North Coast and the Bulkley Valley region to new economic opportunities. What had previously been an almost exclusively fur trade and subsistence economy soon became a locus for forestry, farming, and mining. About 55, of the , British Columbian residents, the highest per-capita rate in Canada, responded to the military needs. Horseriders from the province's Interior region and First Nations soldiers made contributions to Vimy Ridge and other battles.
About 6, men from the province died in combat. When the men returned from the First World War , they discovered the recently enfranchised women of the province had helped vote in the prohibition of liquor in an effort to end the social problems associated with the hard-core drinking Vancouver and the rest of the province was famous for until the war.
Because of pressure from veterans, prohibition was quickly relaxed so the "soldier and the working man" could enjoy a drink, but widespread unemployment among veterans was hardened by many of the available jobs being taken by European immigrants and disgruntled veterans organized a range of "soldier parties" to represent their interests, variously named Soldier-Farmer, Soldier-Labour, and Farmer-Labour Parties. These formed the basis of the fractured labour-political spectrum that would generate a host of fringe leftist and rightist parties, including those who would eventually form the Co-operative Commonwealth and the early Social Credit splinter groups.
The advent of prohibition in the United States created new opportunities, and many found employment or at least profit in cross-border liquor smuggling. Much of Vancouver's prosperity and opulence in the s results from this "pirate economy", although growth in forestry, fishing and mining continued. By the end of the s, the end of prohibition in the U. Compounding the already dire local economic situation, tens of thousands of men from colder parts of Canada swarmed into Vancouver, creating huge hobo jungles around False Creek and the Burrard Inlet rail yards , including the old Canadian Pacific Railway mainline right-of-way through the heart of the city's downtown at Hastings and Carrall.
Increasingly desperate times led to intense political organizing efforts, an occupation of the main Post Office at Granville and Hastings which was violently put down by the police and an effective imposition of martial law on the docks for almost three years. A Vancouver contingent for the On-to-Ottawa Trek was organized and seized a train, which was loaded with thousands of men bound for the capital but was met by a Gatling gun straddling the tracks at Mission ; the men were arrested and sent to work camps for the duration of the Depression.
There were some signs of economic life beginning to return to normal towards the end of the s, but it was the onset of World War II which transformed the national economy and ended the hard times of the Depression. Because of the war effort, women entered the workforce as never before. This closeness has often caused friction between cultures which has sometimes escalated into racist animosity towards those of Asian descent.
This was most manifest during the Second World War when many people of Japanese descent were relocated or interned in the Interior region of the province. Pattullo was unwilling to form a coalition with the rival Conservatives led by Royal Maitland and was replaced by Hart, who formed a coalition cabinet made up of five Liberal and three Conservative ministers. The pretext for continuing the coalition after the end of the Second World War was to prevent the CCF, which had won a surprise victory in Saskatchewan in , from ever coming to power in British Columbia.
The CCF's popular vote was high enough in the election that they were likely to have won three-way contests and could have formed government; however, the coalition prevented that by uniting the anti- socialist vote.
In the reins of the Coalition were taken over by Byron Ingemar Johnson. The Conservatives had wanted their new leader Herbert Anscomb to be premier, but the Liberals in the Coalition refused. This victory was attributable to the popularity of his government's spending programmes, despite rising criticism of corruption and abuse of power. During his tenure, major infrastructures continued to expand, such as the agreement with Alcan Aluminum to build the town of Kitimat with an aluminum smelter and the large Kemano Hydro Project.
This was the first such nuclear weapon loss in history. Increasing tension between the Liberal and Conservative coalition partners led the Liberal Party executive to vote to instruct Johnson to terminate the arrangement. Johnson ended the coalition and dropped his Conservative cabinet ministers, including Deputy Premier and Finance minister Herbert Anscomb, precipitating the general election of The intent of the ballot, as campaigned for by Liberals and Conservatives, was that their supporters would list the rival party in lieu of the CCF, but this plan backfired when a large group of voters from all major parties, including the CCF, voted for the fringe British Columbia Social Credit Party Socreds , who wound up with the largest number of seats in the House 19 , only one seat ahead of the CCF, despite the CCF having Bennett , formed a minority government backed by the Liberals and Conservatives with 6 and 4 seats respectively.
Secure with that majority, Bennett returned the province to the first-past-the-post system thereafter, which is still in use. With the election of the Social Credit Party, British Columbia embarked on a phase of rapid economic development. Bennett and his party governed the province for the next twenty years, during which time the government initiated an ambitious programme of infrastructure development, fuelled by a sustained economic boom in the forestry, mining, and energy sectors.
During these two decades, the government nationalized British Columbia Electric and the British Columbia Power Company, as well as smaller electric companies, renaming the entity BC Hydro. West Kootenay Power and Light remained independent of BC Hydro, being owned and operated by Cominco , though tied into the regional power grid.
By the end of the s, several major dams had been begun or completed in—among others—the Peace , Columbia, and Nechako River watersheds the Nechako Diversion to Kemano , was to supply power to the Alcan Inc.
The province's economy was also boosted by unprecedented growth in the forest sector, as well as oil and gas development in the province's northeast. The s and s were also marked by development in the province's transportation infrastructure. In , the government established BC Ferries as a crown corporation , to provide a marine extension of the provincial highway system, also supported by federal grants as being part of the Trans-Canada Highway system.
That system was improved and expanded through the construction of new highways and bridges, and paving of existing highways and provincial roads. Vancouver and Victoria became cultural centres as poets, authors, artists, musicians, as well as dancers, actors, and haute cuisine chefs flocked to its scenery and warmer temperatures, with the cultural and entrepreneurial community bolstered by many Draft dodgers from the United States.
Tourism also played a role in the economy. The rise of Japan and other Pacific economies was a boost to British Columbia's economy, primarily because of exports of lumber products and unprocessed coal and trees. Politically and socially, the s brought a period of significant social ferment. The divide between the political left and right, which had prevailed in the province since the Depression and the rise of the labour movement , sharpened as so-called free enterprise parties coalesced into the de facto coalition represented by Social Credit—in opposition to the social democratic New Democratic Party , the successor to the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation.
As the province's economy blossomed, so did labour-management tensions. Tensions emerged, also, from the counterculture movement of the late s, of which Vancouver and Nanaimo were centres. The conflict between hippies and Vancouver mayor Tom Campbell was particularly legendary, culminating in the Gastown riots of By the end of the decade, with social tensions and dissatisfaction with the status quo rising, the Bennett government's achievements could not stave off its growing unpopularity.
On August 27, , the Social Credit Party was re-elected in a general election for what would be Bennett's final term in power. At the start of the s, the economy was quite strong because of rising coal prices and an increase in annual allowable cuts in the forestry sector, but BC Hydro reported its first loss, which was the beginning of the end for Bennett and the Social Credit Party. Under Barrett, the large provincial surplus soon became a deficit, [ citation needed ] although changes to the accounting system makes it likely some of the deficit was carried over from the previous Social Credit regime and its " two sets of books ", as WAC Bennett had once referred to his system of fiscal management.
The brief three-year "Thousand Days" period of NDP governance brought several lasting changes to the province, most notably the creation of the Agricultural Land Reserve, intended to protect farmland from redevelopment, and the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia , a crown corporation charged with a monopoly on providing single-payer basic automobile insurance. Perceptions the government had instituted reforms either too swiftly or that were too far-reaching, coupled with growing labour disruptions led to the ouster of the NDP in the general election.
Social Credit, under W. Bennett's son, Bill Bennett , was returned to office. Towards the end of his tenure in power, Bennett oversaw the completion of several megaprojects meant to stimulate the economy and win votes — unlike most right-wing parties, British Columbia's Social Credit actively practised government stimulation of the economy. Most notable of these was the winning of a world's fair for Vancouver, which came in the form of Expo 86 , to which was tied the construction of the Coquihalla Highway and Vancouver's SkyTrain system.
The Coquihalla Highway project became the subject of a scandal after revelations the premier's brother bought large tracts of land needed for the project before it was announced to the public, and also because of graft investigations of the huge cost overruns on the project. Both investigations were derailed in the media by a still further scandal, the Doman Scandal , in which the premier and millionaire backer Herb Doman were investigated for insider-trading and securities fraud.
Nonetheless, the Socreds were re-elected in under Bennett, who led the party until As the province entered a sustained recession , Bennett's popularity and media image were in decline. On April 1, , Premier Bennett overstayed his constitutional limits of power by exceeding the legal tenure of a government, and the Lieutenant-Governor , Henry Pybus Bell-Irving , was forced to call Bennett to Government House to resolve the impasse, and an election was called for April 30, while in the meantime government cheques were covered by special emergency warrants as the Executive Council no longer had signing authority because of the constitutional crisis.
Campaigning on a platform of moderation, Bennett won an unexpected majority. After several weeks of silence in the aftermath, a sitting of the House was finally called and in the speech from the throne the Socreds instituted a programme of fiscal cutbacks dubbed "restraint", which had been a buzzword for moderation during the campaign.
The programme included cuts to "motherhood" issues of the left, including the human rights branch, the offices of the Ombudsman and Rentalsman, women's programs, environmental and cultural programs, while still supplying mass capital infusions to corporate British Columbia. This sparked a backlash, with tens of thousands of people in the streets the next day after the budget speech, and through the course of a summer repeated large demonstrations of up to , people.
This became known as the Solidarity Crisis , from the name of the Solidarity Coalition , a huge grassroots opposition movement mobilized, consisting of organized labour and community groups, with the British Columbia Federation of Labour forming a separate organization of unions, Operation Solidarity , under the direction of Jack Munro , then-President of the International Woodworkers of America IWA , the most powerful of the province's resource unions.
Tens of thousands participated in protests and many felt a general strike would be the inevitable result unless the government backed down from its policies they had claimed were only about restraint and not about recrimination against the NDP and the left. Just as a strike at Pacific Press ended, which had crippled the political management of the public agenda by the publishers of the province's major papers, the movement collapsed after an apparent deal was struck by union leader and IWA president, Jack Munro and Premier Bennett.
A tense winter of blockades at various job sites around the province ensued, as among the new laws were those enabling non-union labour to work on large projects and other sensitive labour issues, with companies from Alberta and other provinces brought in to compete with union-scale British Columbia companies. Despite the tension, Bennett's last few years in power were relatively peaceful as economic and political momentum grew on the megaprojects associated with Expo, and Bennett was to end his career by hosting Prince Charles and Lady Diana on their visit to open Expo His retirement being announced, a Social Credit convention was scheduled for the Whistler Resort, which came down to a three-way shooting match between Bud Smith, the Premier's right-hand man but an unelected official, Social Credit party grande dame Grace McCarthy , and the charismatic but eccentric Bill Vander Zalm.
Bill Vander Zalm became the new Socred leader when Smith threw his support to him rather than see McCarthy win, and led the party to victory in the election later that year. Vander Zalm was later involved in a conflict of interest scandal following the sale of Fantasy Gardens , a Christian and Dutch culture theme park built by the Premier, to Tan Yu , a Filipino Chinese gambling kingpin.
There were also concerns over Yu's application to the government for a bank licence, and lurid stories from flamboyant realtor Faye Leung of a party in the "Howard Hughes Suite" on the top two floors of the Bayshore Inn , where Tan Yu had been staying, with reports of a bag of money in a brown paper bag passed from Yu to Vander Zalm during the goings-on.
These scandals forced Vander Zalm's resignation, and Rita Johnston became premier of the province. Johnston presided over the end of Social Credit power, calling an election which led to the reducing of the party's caucus to only two seats, and the revival of the long-defunct British Columbia Liberal Party as Opposition to the victorious NDP under former Vancouver mayor Mike Harcourt. Johnston lost the general election to the NDP, under the leadership of Mike Harcourt, a former mayor of Vancouver.
The NDP's unprecedented creation of new parkland and protected areas was popular and helped boost the province's growing tourism sector, although the economy continued to struggle against the backdrop of a weak resource economy. Housing starts and an expanded service sector saw growth overall through the decade, despite political turmoil.
Harcourt ended up resigning over " Bingogate "—a political scandal involving the funnelling of charity bingo receipts into party coffers in certain ridings. Harcourt was not implicated, but he resigned nonetheless Woodworkers Journal Change Of Address 12 in respect of constitutional conventions calling for leaders under suspicion to step aside. More scandals dogged the party, most notably the Fast Ferry Scandal involving the province trying to develop the shipbuilding industry in British Columbia.
An allegation never substantiated that the premier had received a favour in return for granting a gaming licence led to Clark's resignation as premier. He was succeeded on an interim basis by Dan Miller who was in turn followed by Ujjal Dosanjh following a leadership convention.
Campbell instituted various reforms and removed some of the NDP's policies including scrapping the "fast ferries" project, lowering income taxes, and the controversial sale of BC Rail to Canadian National Railway. Campbell was also the subject of criticism after he was arrested for driving under the influence during a vacation in Hawaii, but he still managed to lead his party to victory in the general election against a substantially strengthened NDP opposition.
Campbell won a third term in the provincial election , marking the first time in 23 years a premier has been elected to a third term. The province won a bid to host the Winter Olympics in Vancouver and Whistler. As promised in his re-election campaign, Vancouver Mayor Larry Campbell staged a non-binding civic referendum regarding the hosting of the Olympics. In February , Vancouver's residents voted in a referendum accepting the responsibilities of the host city should it win its bid.
Sixty-four percent of residents voted in favour of hosting the games. After the Olympic joy had faded, Campbell's popularity started to fall. His management style, the implementation of the Harmonized Sales Tax HST against election promises and the cancelling of the BC Rail corruption trial led to low approval ratings and loss of caucus support.
He resigned in November and called on the party to elect a new leader. Though she was not a sitting MLA, she went on to win the seat left vacant by Campbell. For the next two years, she attempted to distance herself from the unpopularity of Campbell and forge an image for the upcoming election. Among her early accomplishments were raising the minimum wage, creating a new statutory holiday in February called "Family Day", and pushing the development of BC's liquefied natural gas industry.
In the lead-up to the election, the Liberals lagged behind the NDP by a double-digit gap in the polls, but were able to achieve a surprise victory on election night, winning a majority and making Clark the first woman to lead a party to victory in a general election in BC.
Her government went on to balance the budget, implement changes to liquor laws and continue with the question of the proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines. In the election , the NDP formed a minority government with the support of the Green Party through a confidence and supply agreement. He was the province's first NDP premier in 16 years. British Columbia was significantly affected by demographic changes within Canada and around the world.
Vancouver and to a lesser extent some other parts of British Columbia was a major destination for many of the immigrants from Hong Kong who left the former UK colony either temporarily or permanently in the years immediately prior to its handover to China. British Columbia has also been a significant destination for internal Canadian migrants.
This has been the case throughout recent decades, [ when? These two metropolitan regions have traditionally dominated the demographics of BC. By , housing prices in Vancouver were the second-least affordable in the world, behind only Hong Kong. The high price of residential real estate has led to the implementation of an empty homes tax, a housing speculation and vacancy tax, and a foreign buyers' tax on housing. The net number of people coming to BC from other provinces in was almost four times larger than in BC was the largest net recipient of interprovincial migrants in Canada in the first quarter of with half of the 5, people coming from Alberta.
The metropolitan area has seventeen Indian reserves , but they are outside of the regional district's jurisdiction and are not represented in its government.
The metropolitan area also includes several Indian reserves the governments of which are not part of the regional district. Almost half of the Vancouver Island population is in Greater Victoria. British Columbia is the most diverse province in Canada; as of , the province had the highest proportion of visible minorities in the country.
All items are self-identified. The largest denominations by number of adherents according to the census were Christianity with 1,, Of the 4,, population counted by the census, 4,, people completed the section about language. Of these, 4,, gave singular responses to the question regarding their first language. The languages most commonly reported were the following:.
While these languages all reflect the last centuries of colonialism and recent immigration, British Columbia is also home to 34 Indigenous languages. BC's economy is diverse, with service-producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the province's GDP.
Its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism , though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction , principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the province's largest city, serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies. It also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average. While the coast of British Columbia and some valleys in the south-central part of the province have mild weather, the majority of its land mass experiences a cold-winter-temperate climate similar to the rest of Canada.
The Northern Interior region has a subarctic climate with very cold winters. The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities, with nighttime January temperatures averaging above the freezing point.
British Columbia has a history of being a resource dominated economy, centred on the forestry industry but also with fluctuating importance in mining. The economic history of British Columbia is replete with tales of dramatic upswings and downswings , and this boom and bust pattern has influenced the politics, culture and business climate of the province. Economic activity related to mining in particular has widely fluctuated with changes in commodity prices over time, with documented costs to community health.
During the absence of the Lieutenant-Governor , the Governor General in Council may appoint an administrator to execute the duties of the office. In practice, this is usually the Chief Justice of British Columbia. British Columbia has an member elected Legislative Assembly, elected by the plurality voting system , though from to there was significant debate about switching to a single transferable vote system called BC-STV. The government of the day appoints ministers for various portfolios, what are officially part of the Executive Council , of whom the premier is chair.
No party met the minimum of 44 seats for a majority, therefore leading to the first minority government since Following the election, the Greens entered into negotiations with both the Liberals and NDP, eventually announcing they would support the current NDP minority.
Previously, the right-of-centre British Columbia Liberal Party governed the province for 16 years between and , and won the largest landslide election in British Columbia history in , with 77 of 79 seats.
The legislature became more evenly divided between the Liberals and NDP following the 46 Liberal seats of 79 and 49 Liberal seats of 85 provincial elections. The NDP and its predecessor the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation CCF have been the main opposition force to right-wing parties since the s and have ruled with majority governments in — and — The Green Party plays a larger role in the politics of British Columbia than Green parties do in most other jurisdictions in Canada.
After a breakthrough election in Instead, the BC Liberal party is a rather diverse coalition, made up of the remnants of the Social Credit Party, many federal Liberals , federal Conservatives , and those who would otherwise support right-of-centre or free enterprise parties. Historically, there have commonly been third parties present in the legislature including the Liberals themselves from to ; the BC Green Party are the current third party in British Columbia, with three seats in the legislature.
While sharing some ideology with the current Liberal government, they were more right-wing although undertook nationalization of various important monopolies, notably BC Hydro and BC Ferries. British Columbia is known for having politically active labour unions who have traditionally supported the NDP or its predecessor, the CCF.
British Columbia's political history is typified by scandal and a cast of colourful characters, beginning with various colonial-era land scandals and abuses of power by early officials such as those that led to McGowan's War in — A variety of scandals plagued the — Liberal government, including Premier Gordon Campbell's arrest for drunk driving in Maui and the resignation of various cabinet ministers because of conflict-of-interest allegations.
A Christmas Eve [ which? The case, currently in preliminary hearings in the courts and relating to the sale of BC Rail to CN Rail, may not reach trial because of the mass of evidence and various procedural problems.
British Columbia is underrepresented in the Senate of Canada , leading Premier Christy Clark to refuse to cooperate with the federal government's reforms for senate appointments to be made based on the recommendations of a new advisory board that would use non-partisan criteria. Hours after that plan was unveiled in Ottawa on December 3, , Clark issued a statement that it did "not address what's been wrong with the Senate since the beginning". The imbalance in representation in that House is apparent when considering population size.
The six senators from BC constitute only one for every , people vs. The government of British Columbia has designated several official symbols : [91]. The flag of British Columbia is not protected and is in the public domain, but the coat of arms is protected by law.
British Columbia was the second Canadian jurisdiction after Ontario to legalize same-sex marriage. Housing affordability is of concern to British Columbians. In April the government of British Columbia declared a public health emergency due to overdoses on the illicit opioid Fentanyl. As of November [update] , there had been cases of Fentanyl overdose. There was a reported increase in the number of overdoses with extreme fentanyl concentration in April, May and June compared to previous months.
Transportation played a huge role in British Columbia's history. The Rocky Mountains and the ranges west of them constituted a significant obstacle to overland travel until the completion of the transcontinental railway in The Peace River Canyon through the Rocky Mountains was the route the earliest explorers and fur traders used. Fur trade routes were only marginally used for access to British Columbia through the mountains.
Travel from the rest of Canada before meant the difficulty of overland travel via the United States, around Cape Horn or overseas from Asia. Nearly all travel and freight to and from the region occurred via the Pacific Ocean, primarily through the ports of Victoria and New Westminster. Until the s, rail was the only means of overland travel to and from the rest of Canada; travellers using motor vehicles needed to journey through the United States. With the construction of the Inter-Provincial Highway in now known as the Crowsnest Pass Highway , and later the Trans-Canada Highway , road transportation evolved into the preferred mode of overland travel to and from the rest of the country.
Because of its size and rugged, varying topography, British Columbia requires thousands of kilometres of provincial highways to connect its communities. British Columbia's roads systems were notoriously poorly maintained and dangerous until a concentrated programme of improvement was initiated in the s and s.
Much of the rest of the province, where traffic volumes are generally low, is accessible by well-maintained generally high-mobility two-lane arterial highways with additional passing lanes in mountainous areas and usually only a few stop-controlled intersections outside the main urban areas. A couple of busy intercity corridors outside Greater Vancouver feature more heavily signalized limited-mobility arterial highways that are mostly four-lane and often divided by portable median traffic barriers.
Numerous traffic lights operate in place of interchanges on both arterials as long-term cost-cutting measures. Signalization along both these highways is heaviest through urban areas and along inter-urban sections where traffic volumes are similar to and sometimes higher than the freeways, but where funding is not available for upgrades to interchanges or construction of high-mobility alternative routes or bypasses. The building and maintenance of provincial highways is the responsibility of the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure.
There are only five major routes to the rest of Canada. There are also several highway crossings to the adjoining American states of Washington, Idaho, and Montana. The longest highway is Highway 97, running 2, kilometres 1, mi from the British Columbia-Washington border at Osoyoos north to Watson Lake, Yukon and which includes the British Columbia portion of the Alaska Highway. Prior to , surface public transit in the Vancouver and Victoria metropolitan areas was administered by BC Hydro, the provincially owned electricity utility.
Subsequently, the province established BC Transit to oversee and operate all municipal transportation systems. BC Transit has recently expanded to provide intercity routes, [] particularly in the Northern region of British Columbia.
Other intercity routes were introduced connecting southern communities in preparation of the cancellation of Greyhound Canada 's pullout from Western Canada, [] though options for intercity bus travel are still extremely limited.
Public transit in British Columbia consists mainly of diesel buses, although Vancouver is also serviced by a fleet of trolleybuses. Several experimental buses are being tested such as hybrid buses that have both gasoline and electric engines. In , the Canada Line SkyTrain was completed, linking Vancouver International Airport and the city of Richmond to downtown Vancouver bringing the total to three operating metro lines.
Turnstiles have been added to all existing stations in the system. In the past, SkyTrain used a proof of payment honour system. In the capital city of Victoria BC Transit and the provincial government's infrastructure ministry are working together to create a bus rapid transit from the Westshore communities to downtown Victoria. Rail development expanded greatly in the decades after the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed, in , and was the chief mode of long-distance surface transportation until the expansion and improvement of the provincial highways system began in the s.
The British Columbia Electric Railway provided rail services in Victoria and Vancouver between the nineteenth century and mid twentieth century. The Pacific Great Eastern line supplemented this service, providing a north—south route between interior resource communities and the coast. Service along the route is now minimal. Vancouver Island was also host to the last logging railway in North America until its closure in Current passenger services in British Columbia are limited.
Via Rail Canada operates six long-distance trains on two lines. Amtrak runs international passenger service between Vancouver, Seattle , and intermediate points. BC Ferries was established as a provincial crown corporation in to provide passenger and vehicle ferry service between Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland as a cheaper and more reliable alternative to the service operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway and other private operators.
It now operates 25 routes among the islands of British Columbia , as well as between the islands and the mainland.
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