Dust Collection System For Garage Floor Uniform,Wood River Jack Plane 60,Jet Planes Lollies History Data - New On 2021
We often see this effect on framing lumber that was left uncovered in storage or at the lumber yard. We may also see reddish-brown to gray oxidized wood surfaces on all sides of rafters in poorly-vented attics that have been very hot. Characteristic of this wood coloration pattern is that just one side of the lumber - that exposed to sunlight - will be dark in color.
A competent onsite inspection by an expert usually finds additional clues that help accurately diagnose a problem. That said, here are some Dust Collection System For Garage Floor Function things to consider:. What the heck - it looks as if that roof is framed over a very very long distance with just 2x6's. I can't be sure from just your photos, but from what I see so far one wonders if the roof is under-framed and lacks proper strength photo above left.
At above right we can see that someone banged in some additional support between existing rafters using what looks like treated lumber. The fact that the dark color is just on one face of some rafters photo at above left and does not extend around the corner from the flat side to the rafter edge is NOT characteristic of in-situ mold growth - more like the wood was left outdoors and weather exposed before it was put to use.
The fact that the dark color also does not grow over from rafter faces onto roof sheathing is a similar argument against mold growth on these surfaces since the time of construction To know for sure what's on the wood surfaces would require a lab test or two. I wouldn't spend the money unless there were other reasons to be concerned about this area. I checked your site and I couldn't find anything on this. This is between the joists in my basement. I removed Sheetrock and insulation and found it.
Thanks - M. I've been thinking about this and your photo - it's not something I've seen inside a building before; the growth pattern looks a bit like algae; but those black dots may be fungal spores or On the side of what looks like a floor joist in your photo is what looks a bit like fungal growth of basidiomycetes - I don't know from such limited data; IF it's fungus there you should be looking for rot and structural damage;.
Is that shiny property in the photo because the surfaces are wet? Where is this - geography, building type? If you can collect suspect material on a tape sample or if not try a razor blade and a clean plastic baggie or hard plastic container you are welcome to send me a couple of samples and I'll take a look in the lab.
For tape samples try the procedure and address. I just saw your image inspectapedia. The fern pattern is where the honey comb connected to the subfloor. Thanks Michael. I took a look at several resources on how people remove honey bee colonies from buildings traps are good but there are also special vacuums that don't harm the bees , before finding one of them, the E.
Mussen U. Davis citation below that included photos not of the marks left behind by a honeybee comb on a building surface but of some feral beehive structures that could have made marks similar to those in the photo above.
Additional information is in a nice article by Keith Delaplane at the University of Georgia, also cited below. In Delaplane's photos we see that some of the bee honeycombs built in a building wall cavity and presumably similarly under a floor as in our photo above are placed on-edge in a manner see Delaplane, Fig.
Watch out : don't kill bees if you find them swarming in or around your home. Given recent decimations of bee populations world wide we desperately need all the bees we can get. If you don't think there is a serious bee shortage, just take a look at people in China climbing trees with Q-tips to pollinate flowers on fruit trees.
Call a bee expert for help. Thanks for the reply. I don't see any structural damage to the floor joist or sub-floor.
Whatever it is, appears to be on the surface. I'm located outside of Hudson, NY. My house was built in the 70's and we have lived here for 4 years.
When I moved in the basement was finished, Hurricane Irene changed that. We got flooded, a significant portion of the foundation cracked and began to collapse. We had mold everywhere. Long story short, we scrapped everything in the basement, gutted it, rebuilt the foundation and started over.
This spot of fungus or mold, however, was not touched by the flood. Which is why I hadn't removed the drywall and insulation until now. And I was surprised to find it, because everything around it is in good shape. The shine in the picture is probably from bleach solution I sprayed on it. However the fungus had a sheen before I sprayed it. It has a waxy appearance, but it's not soft, in fact I had a hard time trying to scrape it with a putty knife.
The bleach solution and scraping have not had much affect. I would like to test this to see what it is. How much do these tests usually cost?
My primary concern is the health of my family, and second I want to remove any problems before I finish my basement. Sharp photos would be helpful, not just closeups, but the situation in the basement and perhaps an outside photo of the house distant enough that I can see what surface drainage looks like. I'll look at your samples pro-bono - in our own forensic laboratory.
If you can't get something on a tape, best possible sample would be a wood scrap not a wood "scraping" that had the material on its surface; second best is to try to carefully cut or slice off a sample and package it in a rigid container so it's not turned into powder before I can see its structural properties.
Knowing the history of the house, prior flooding, is helpful in evaluating the risk of hidden mold. About the prior flood and cleanup, you want to be sure that moisture from flooded lower floors didn't create a hidden hazard in upper building wall cavities or ceiling cavities.
I prepared test samples by trying a tape lift from the largest fragments best results and additional samples from pulverized fragments and from dust in the plastic bag containing the original fragments. These samples were mounted in lacto-phenol with a trace of cotton-blue dye and were examined microscopically at various magnifications up to x. Given that I though we were looking at a fern-like bracken mold growth pattern I suspected there may have been an artifact such as a residue left by prior plant material pressed on the subfloor.
It seems I was wrong. And I was surprised to find plenty of fungal spores in the scrapings you sent me, though unfortunately sending scrapings rather than a tape lift of the surface fails to capture the growth patterns themselves - data that would have been most helpful. Spores varied in size, shape and color, probably due to variations in bleach treatment and hydration in my mountant; the most well defined photos below resemble Periconia -like fungal spores, but of a too-light color - a condition that I guess could be due to having applied bleach.
My identification is uncertain due to sample condition, but I've asked a couple of fellow microscopists for help in case anyone has seen this fern-like or bracken-like fungal growth pattern before.
As we can see even in this sample, it does not "kill" every spore - some remain viable - or at least the spore colors and physical condition vary widely from fragments and hyaline spores to dark brown or bleached yellow fungal spores.
More to the point, depending on the species, some fungal spores remain allergenic or toxic even if non-viable bleached to death and may still contain mycotoxins.
Such mold at high levels and particularly if airborne could still be a problem for some people in the building. The proper approach to indoor mold contamination is to remove the mold, clean the surfaces, and fix the original cause for mold growth. Given the conditions you've described I'd not be particularly worried about the remaining spores - once you've cleaned off what can be physically removed, dried, and then sealed the surface your attention needs to be on finding and fixing sources of leaks, water entry, high moisture.
I attach two spore photos for your enjoyment. If you are able to obtain a clear adhesive tape lift of the surface in the actual growth pattern we saw in your original photograph that would be most helpful. At the top of this article we showed another photo of these white deposits on wood floor joists in an older U.
This is not mold but an inorganic deposit, possibly lyme paint or a similar coating. Similar stains or deposits can also be found on wood framing in a more gray color as cement deposit left on wood used first as concrete forms, later salvaged for use in building construction.
There is a white, flaky, crusty substance in my basement on the floor joists around the outside perimeter in the laundry and utility room. The pattern looks like mold, but the color is wrong. I posted photos on my Google Drive for public viewing.
Short URL is One for my pre-inspection before I bought the house, and one before putting the house on the market to sell. Neither one called it out. But I'm over 90 days on the market with no offers, below market price in a good neighborhood, and wondering if this stuff may be scaring people away that are too polite to mention it. The substance on the floor framing in your photos is not mold, it is a flaking-off white spray coating, I suspect either a paint or lyme coating.
Your first photo above shows the white spraypattern taht coated the floor joists, rim joist, wall top framing, and contined across a vertical galvanized metal pipe. It would be instructive to make a good guess at why the spray was applied. If there were insect damage, particularly powder-post beetles or old house borers that I did not see in your photos a coating is sometimes used to make more apparent whether or not the insects are active.
The growth of low-profile ducting has grown significantly due to the reduction of available space in ceiling cavities in an effort to reduce cost. Since the Grenfell Tower fire in there has been a rise in the discovery of noncompliant building materials; many PVC low-profile ducting manufacturers have struggled to gain or maintain compliance, and some building projects have had to resort back to using the more expensive steel option.
A duct system often begins at an air handler. The blowers in the air handler can create substantial vibration , and the large area of the duct system would transmit this noise and vibration to the inhabitants of the building.
To avoid this, vibration isolators flexible sections are normally inserted into the duct immediately before and after the air handler. The rubberized canvas-like material of these sections allows the air handler to vibrate without transmitting much vibration to the attached ducts. The same flexible section can reduce the noise that can occur when the blower engages and positive air pressure is introduced to the ductwork.
Downstream of the air handler, the supply air trunk duct will commonly fork, providing air to many individual air outlets such as diffusers , grilles, and registers. When the system is designed with a main duct branching into many subsidiary branch ducts, fittings called take-offs allow a small portion of the flow in the main duct to be diverted into each branch duct.
Take-offs may be fitted into round or rectangular openings cut into the wall of the main duct. The take-off commonly has many small metal tabs that are then bent to attach the take-off to the main duct. Round versions are called spin-in fittings. Other take-off designs use a snap-in attachment method, sometimes coupled with an adhesive foam gasket for improved sealing.
The outlet of the take-off then connects to the rectangular, oval, or round branch duct. Ducts, especially in homes, must often allow air to travel vertically within relatively thin walls.
These vertical ducts are called stacks and are formed with either very wide and relatively thin rectangular sections or oval sections.
At the bottom of the stack, a stack boot provides a transition from an ordinary large round or rectangular duct to the thin wall-mounted duct. At the top, a stack head can provide a transition back to ordinary ducting while a register head allows the transition to a wall-mounted air register.
Ducting systems must often provide a method of adjusting the volume of air flow to various parts of the system. Besides the regulation provided at the registers or diffusers that spread air into individual rooms, dampers can be fitted within the ducts themselves.
These dampers may be manual or automatic. Zone dampers provide automatic control in simple systems while variable air volume VAV allows control in sophisticated systems. Smoke and fire dampers are found in ductwork where the duct passes through a firewall or firecurtain.
Smoke dampers are driven by a motor, referred to as an actuator. A probe connected to the motor is installed in the run of the duct and detects smoke, either in the air which has been extracted from or is being supplied to a room, or elsewhere within the run of the duct. Once smoke is detected, the actuator will automatically close the smoke damper until it is manually re-opened. Fire dampers can be found in the same places as smoke dampers, depending on the application of the area after the firewall.
Unlike smoke dampers, they are not triggered by any electrical system which is an advantage in case of an electrical failure where the smoke dampers would fail to close.
Vertically mounted fire dampers are gravity operated, while horizontal fire dampers are spring powered. A fire damper's most important feature is a mechanical fusible link which is a piece of metal that will melt or break at a specified temperature.
This allows the damper to close either from gravity or spring power , effectively sealing the duct, containing the fire, and blocking the necessary air to burn.
Turning vanes are installed inside of ductwork at changes of direction e. The vanes guide the air so it can follow the change of direction more easily. Plenums are the central distribution and collection units for an HVAC system. The return plenum carries the air from several large return grilles vents or bell mouths to a central air handler. The supply plenum directs air from the central unit to the rooms which the system is designed to heat or cool.
They must be carefully planned in ventilation design. While single-zone constant air volume systems typically do not have these, multi-zone systems often have terminal units in the branch ducts. Usually there is one terminal unit per thermal zone. Some types of terminal units are VAV boxes single or dual duct , fan-powered mixing boxes in parallel or series arrangement , and induction terminal units. Terminal units may also include a heating or cooling coil. Air terminals are the supply air outlets and return or exhaust air inlets.
For supply, diffusers are most common, but grilles , and for very small HVAC systems such as in residences registers are also used widely. Return or exhaust grilles are used primarily for appearance reasons, but some also incorporate an air filter and are known as filter returns.
The position of the U. Environmental Protection Agency EPA is that "If no one in your household suffers from allergies or unexplained symptoms or illnesses and if, after a visual inspection of the inside of the ducts, you see no indication that your air ducts are contaminated with large deposits of dust or mold no musty odor or visible mold growth , having your air ducts cleaned is probably unnecessary.
Ideally, the interior surface will be shiny and bright after cleaning. Insulated fiber glass duct liner and duct board can be cleaned with special non-metallic bristles. Actually issued, as applied to securities issued or assumed by the utility, means those which have been sold to bona fide purchasers for a valuable consideration, those issued as dividends on stock, and those which have been issued in accordance with contractual requirements direct to trustees of sinking funds.
Actually outstanding, as applied to securities issued or assumed by the utility, means those which have been actually issued and are neither retired nor held by or for the utility; provided, however, that securities held by trustees shall be considered as actually outstanding. Amortization means the gradual extinguishment of an amount in an account by distributing such amount over a fixed period, over the life of the asset or liability to which it applies, or over the period during which it is anticipated the benefit will be realized.
Associated affiliated companies means companies or persons that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, or are controlled by, or are under common control with the accounting company. Book cost means the amount at which property is recorded in these accounts without deduction of related provisions for accrued depreciation, depletion, amortization, or for other purposes.
Commission, means the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Continuing plant inventory record means company plant records for retirement units and mass property that provide, as either a single record, or in separate records readily obtainable by references made in a single record, the following information:.
Cost means the amount of money actually paid for property or services. When the consideration given is other than cash in a purchase and sale transaction, as distinguished from a transaction involving the issuance of common stock in a merger or a pooling of interest, the value of such consideration shall be determined on a cash basis. Cost of removal means the cost of demolishing, dismantling, tearing down or otherwise removing gas plant, including the cost of transportation and handling incidental thereto.
It does not include the cost of removal activities associated with asset retirement obligations that are capitalized as part of the tangible long-lived assets that give rise to the obligation. See General Instruction Debt expense means all expenses in connection with the issuance and initial sale of evidences of debt, such as fees for drafting mortgages and trust deeds; fees and taxes for issuing or recording evidences of debt; cost of engraving and printing bonds and certificates of indebtedness; fees paid trustees; specific costs of obtaining governmental authority; fees for legal services; fees and commissions paid underwriters, brokers, and salesmen for marketing such evidences of debt; fees and expenses of listing on exchanges; and other like costs.
Depletion, as applied to natural gas producing land and land rights, means the loss in service value incurred in connection with the exhaustion of the natural resource in the course of service. Depreciation, as applied to depreciable gas plant, means the loss in service value not restored by current maintenance, incurred in connection with the consumption or prospective retirement of gas plant in the course of service from causes which are known to be in current operation and against which the utility is not protected by insurance.
Among the causes to be given consideration are wear and tear, decay, action of the elements, inadequacy, obsolescence, changes in the art, changes in demand and requirements of public authorities, and, in the case of natural gas companies, the exhaustion of natural resources.
Development costs, when used with respect to hydrocarbons, include all costs incurred in the readying of hydrocarbon deposits for commercial production including developmental well drilling costs.
Discount, as applied to the securities, issued or assumed by the utility, means the excess of the par stated value of no-par stocks or fact value of the securities plus interest or dividends accrued at the date of the sale over the cash value of the consideration received from their sale. Exploration costs, include all costs incurred in proving the existence of hydrocarbon deposits including geological, geophysical, lease acquisition including delay rentals , administrative and general, and exploratory well drilling costs.
Full-cost accounting for exploration and development costs, means the capitalization of all exploration and development costs incurred on or related to hydrocarbon leases, on properties in the contiguous 48 States and the State of Alaska, acquired after October 7, Investment advances means advances, represented by notes or by book accounts only, with respect to which it is mutually agreed or intended between the creditor and debtor that they shall be settled by the issuance of securities or shall not be subject to current settlement.
Lease, capital means a lease of property used in utility or non-utility operations, which meets one or more of the criteria stated in General Instruction Lease, operating means a lease of property used in utility or non-utility operations, which does not meet any of the criteria stated in General Instruction Minor items of property means the associated parts or items of which retirement units are composed.
Natural gas means either natural gas unmixed, or any mixture of natural and artificial gas. Natural gas company means a person engaged in the transportation of natural gas in interstate commerce, or the sale in interstate commerce of such gas for resale.
Net salvage value means the salvage value of property retired less the cost of removal. Nominally issued, as applied to securities issued or assumed by the utility, means those which have been signed, certified, or otherwise executed, and placed with the proper officer for sale and delivery, or pledged, or otherwise placed in some special fund of the utility, but which have not been sold, or issued direct to trustees of sinking funds in accordance with contractual requirements.
Nominally outstanding, as applied to securities issued or assumed by the utility, means those which, after being actually issued, have been reacquired by or for the utility under circumstances which require them to be considered as held alive and not retired, provided, however, that securities held by trustees shall be considered as actually outstanding. Original cost, as applied to gas plant, means the cost of such property to the person first devoting it to public service. Person means an individual, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a joint stock company, a business trust, or any organized group of persons, whether incorporated or not, or any receiver or trustee.
Premium, as applied to securities issued or assumed by the utility, means the excess of the cash value of the consideration received from their sale over the sum of their par stated value of no-par stocks or face value and interest or dividends accrued at the date of sale.
Production, transmission, and distribution plant. For the purposes of this system of accounts:. Production system shall consist of plant and equipment used in the production of gas. It shall include producing lands and leaseholds, gas rights, other land rights, structures, drilling and clearing equipment, gas wells, well head equipment, separation and other facilities used in the production of natural gas.
The production system ends where the gas enters a gathering system, transmission system or distribution system, as applicable, in accordance with the practices in the pricing area where such system is located.
Transmission system means the land, structures, mains, valves, meters, boosters, regulators, tanks, compressors, and their driving units and appurtenances, and other equipment used primarily for transmitting gas from a production plant, delivery point of purchased gas, gathering system, storage area, or other wholesale source of gas, to one or more distribution areas.
The transmission system begins at the outlet side of the valve at the connection to the last equipment in a manufactured gas plant, the connection to gathering lines or delivery point of purchased gas, and includes the equipment at such connection that is used to bring the gas to transmission pressure, and ends at the outlet side of the equipment which meters or regulates the entry of gas into the distribution system or into a storage area.
It does not include storage land, structures or equipment. Pipeline companies, including those companies which measure deliveries of gas to their own distribution systems, shall include city gate and main line industrial measuring and regulating stations in the transmission function. Distribution system means the mains which are provided primarily for distributing gas within a distribution area, together with land, structures, valves, regulators, services and measuring devices, including the mains for transportation of gas from production plants or points of receipt located within such distribution area to other points therein.
The distribution system owned by companies having no transmission facilities connected to such distribution system begins at the inlet side of the distribution system equipment which meters or regulates the entry of gas into the distribution system and ends with and includes property on the customer's premises.
For companies which own both transmission and distribution facilities on a continuous line, the distribution system begins at the outlet side of the equipment which meters or regulates the entry of gas into the distribution system and ends with and includes property on the customer's premises.
The distribution system does not include storage land, structures, or equipment. Distribution area means a metropolitan area or other urban area comprising one or more adjacent or nearby cities, villages or unincorporated areas, including developed areas contiguous to main highways.
Property retired, as applied to gas plant, means property which has been removed, sold, abandoned, destroyed, or which for any cause has been withdrawn from service. Regulatory Assets and Liabilities are assets and liabilities that result from rate actions of regulatory agencies.
Regulatory assets and liabilities arise from specific revenues, expenses, gains, or losses that would have been included in net income determinations in one period under the general requirements of the Uniform System of Accounts but for it being probable: 1 that such items will be included in a different period s for purposes of developing the rates the utility is authorized to charge for its utility services; or 2 in the case of regulatory liabilities, that refunds to customers, not provided for in other accounts, will be required.
Replacing or replacement, when not otherwise indicated in the context, means the construction or installation of gas plant in place of property retired, together with the removal of the property retired. Such research, development, and demonstration costs should be reasonably related to the existing or future utility business, broadly defined, of the public utility or licensee or in the environment in which it operates or expects to operate.
The term includes preliminary investigations and detailed planning of specific projects for securing for customers non-conventional pipeline gas supplies that rely on technology that has not been verified previously to be feasible. The term does not include expenditures for efficiency surveys; studies of management, management techniques and organization; consumer surveys, advertising, promotions, or items of a like nature.
Retained earnings formerly earned surplus means the accumulated net income of the utility less distribution to stockholders and transfers to other capital accounts. Retirement units means those items of gas plant which, when retired, with or without replacement, are accounted for by crediting the book cost thereof to the gas plant account in which included. Salvage value means the amount received for property retired, less any expenses incurred in connection with the sale or in preparing the property for sale; or, if retained, the amount at which the material recoverable is chargeable to Materials and Supplies, or other appropriate account.
Service life means the time between the date gas plant is includible in gas plant in service, or gas plant leased to others, and the date of its retirement. If depreciation is accounted for on a production basis rather than on a time basis, then service life should be measured in terms of the appropriate unit of production.
Service value means the difference between original cost and net salvage value of gas plant. Unsuccessful exploration and development costs, means exploration and development costs related to efforts which do not directly result in the discovery of commercially recoverable hydrocarbon reserves.
Subsidiary company, means a company which is controlled by the utility through ownership of voting stock. A corporate joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a small group of businesses as a separate and specific business or project for the mutual benefit of the members of the group is a subsidiary company for the purposes of this system of accounts.
Utility, as used herein and when not otherwise indicated in the context, means any natural gas company to which this system of accounts is applicable.
Each natural gas company must apply the system of accounts prescribed by the Commission. Major - Each natural gas company as defined in the Natural Gas Act, whose combined gas sold for resale and gas transported or stored for a fee exceeds 50 million Mcf at This system applies to both Major and Nonmajor natural gas companies. Provisions have been incorporated into this system for those entities which prior to January 1, , were applying the Commission's Uniform System of Accounts Prescribed for Class C and Class D part of this chapter now revoked.
The class to which any natural gas company belongs shall originally be determined by its annual gas volume in each of the last three consecutive years, or, in the case of a newly established entity, the projected data shall be the basis. Subsequent changes in classification shall be made when the volume for each of the three immediately preceding years exceeds the upper limit, or is less than the lower limit of the classification previously applicable to the natural gas company.
Any utility may, at its option, adopt the system of accounts prescribed by the Commission for any larger class of utilities. Each utility shall keep its books of account, and all other books, records, and memoranda which support the entries in such books of account so as to be able to furnish readily full information as to any item included in any account. Each entry shall be supported by such detailed information as will permit ready identification, analysis, and verification of all facts relevant thereto.
The books and records referred to herein include not only accounting records in a limited technical sense, but all other records, such as minute books, stock books, reports, correspondence, memoranda, etc.
No utility shall destroy any such books or records unless the destruction thereof is permitted by rules and regulations of the Commission. In addition to prescribed accounts, clearing accounts, temporary or experimental accounts, and subdivisions of any accounts, may be kept, provided the integrity of the prescribed accounts is not impaired.
All amounts included in the accounts prescribed herein for gas plant and operating expenses shall be just and reasonable and any payments or accruals by the utility in excess of just and reasonable charges shall be included in account The arrangement or sequence of the accounts prescribed herein shall not be controlling as to the arrangement or sequence in report forms which may be prescribed by the Commission.
Numbering system. The account numbering plan used herein consists of a system of three-digit whole numbers as follows:. In certain instances, numbers have been skipped in order to allow for possible later expansion or to Dust Collection System For Garage Floor 40 permit better coordination with the numbering system for other utility departments. The numbers prefixed to account titles are to be considered as part of the titles. Each utility, however, may adopt for its own purposes a different system of account numbers See also general instruction 2D provided that the numbers herein prescribed shall appear in the descriptive headings of the ledger accounts and in the various sources of original entry; however, if a utility uses a different group of account numbers and it is not practicable to show the prescribed account numbers in the various sources of original entry, such reference to the prescribed account numbers may be omitted from the various sources of original entry.
Moreover, each utility using different account numbers for its own purposes shall keep readily available a list of such account numbers which it uses and a reconciliation of such account numbers with the account numbers provided herein.
It is intended that the utility's records shall be so kept as to permit ready analysis by prescribed accounts by direct reference to sources of original entry to the extent practicable and to permit preparation of financial and operating statements directly from such records at the end of each accounting period according to the prescribed accounts.
Accounting period. Each utility shall keep its books on a monthly basis so that for each month all transactions applicable thereto, as nearly as may be ascertained, shall be entered in the books of the utility. Amounts applicable or assignable to specific utility departments shall be so segregated monthly. Each utility shall close its books at the end of each calendar year unless otherwise authorized by the Commission. Submittal of questions. To maintain uniformity of accounting, utilities shall submit questions of doubtful interpretation to the Commission for consideration and decision.
Item lists. The lists are intended to be representative, but not exhaustive. The appearance of an item in a list warrants the inclusion of the item in the account mentioned only when the text of the account also indicates inclusion inasmuch as the same item frequently appears in more than one list.
The proper entry in each instance must be determined by the texts of the accounts. Extraordinary items. It is the intent that net income shall reflect all items of profit and loss during the period with the exception of prior period adjustments as described in paragraph 7. Those items related to the effects of events and transactions which have occurred during the current period and which are of unusual nature and infrequent occurrence shall be considered extraordinary items.
Accordingly, they will be events and transactions of significant effect which are abnormal and significantly different from the ordinary and typical activities of the company, and which would not reasonably be expected to recur in the foreseeable future. In determining significance, items should be considered individually and not in the aggregate. However, the effects of a series of related transactions arising from a single specific and identifiable event or plan of action should be considered in the aggregate.
To be considered as extraordinary under the above guidelines, an item should be more than approximately 5 percent of income, computed before extraordinary items.
Commission approval must be obtained to treat an item of less than 5 percent, as extraordinary. See accounts and Items of profit and loss related to the following shall be accounted for as prior period adjustments and excluded from the determination of net income for the current year. All other items of profit and loss recognized during the year shall be included in the determination of net income for that year.
Unaudited items. Whenever a financial statement is required by the Commission, if it is known that a transaction has occurred which affects the accounts but the amount involved in the transaction and its effect upon the accounts cannot be determined with absolute accuracy, the amount shall be estimated and such estimated amount included in the proper accounts.
The utility is not required to anticipate minor items which would not appreciably affect the accounts. Distribution of pay and expenses of employees. The charges to gas plant, operating expense and other accounts for services and expenses of employees engaged in activities chargeable to various accounts, such as construction, maintenance, and operations, shall be based upon the actual time engaged in the respective classes of work, or in case that method is impracticable, upon the basis of a study of the time actually engaged during a representative period.
Payroll distribution. Underlying accounting data shall be maintained so that the distribution of the cost of labor charged direct to the various accounts will be readily available. Such underlying data shall permit a reasonably accurate distribution to be made of the cost of labor charged initially to clearing accounts so that the total labor cost may be classified among construction, cost of removal, gas operating functions manufactured gas production, natural gas production and gathering, products extraction, underground storage, transmission, distribution, etc.
Accounting to be on accrual basis. The utility is required to keep its accounts on the accrual basis. This requires the inclusion in its accounts of all known transactions of appreciable amount which affect the accounts. If bills covering such transactions have not been received or rendered, the amounts shall be estimated and appropriate adjustments made when the bills are received.
When payments are made in advance for items such as insurance, rents, taxes or interest, the amount applicable to future periods shall be charged to account , Prepayments, and spread over the periods to which applicable by credits to account , and charges to the accounts appropriate for the expenditure. Records for each plant.
Separate records shall be maintained by gas plant accounts of the book cost of each plant owned, including additions by the utility to plant leased from others, and of the cost of operating and maintaining each plant owned or operated. A natural gas company may, with the approval of the Commission, group certain of its systems of gathering lines and wells, small compressor stations, systems of underground storage lines and wells, and systems of interconnected transmission mains for the purpose of complying with the portion of this instruction requiring a segregation of the cost of operating and maintaining each plant.
Where manufactured gas is produced by two or more processes at one location, each process shall be accounted for separately. Each natural gas company shall maintain operating or accounting records for each well showing a acreage on which drilled, b dates of drilling period, c cost of drilling, d depth of well, e particulars and depth of each stratum drilled through, f geological formation from which gas is obtained, g initial rock pressure and open flow capacity, h sizes of casing used and the lengths of each size, i total cost of well as recorded in gas plant accounts, j date well abandoned, for wells once productive, k date transferred to underground storage plant, for wells converted to storage use, and l date drilling discontinued, for wells determined to be nonproductive.
The foregoing data, as appropriate, shall also be maintained for each subsequent change in the depth of each well. Accounting for other departments. If the utility also operates other utility departments, such as electric, water, etc. It is not intended that proprietary and similar accounts which apply to the utility as a whole shall be departmentalized. Transactions with associated companies. Each utility shall keep its accounts and records so as to be able to furnish accurately and expeditiously statements of all transactions with associated companies.
The statements may be required to show the general nature of the transactions, the amounts involved therein and the amounts included in each account prescribed herein with respect to such transactions. Transactions with associated companies shall be recorded in the appropriate accounts for transactions of the same nature. Nothing herein contained, however, shall be construed as restraining the utility from subdividing accounts for the purpose of recording separately transactions with associated companies.
Contingent assets and liabilities. Contingent assets represent a possible source of value to the utility contingent upon the fulfillment of conditions regarded as uncertain. Contingent liabilities include items which may under certain conditions become obligations of the utility but which are neither direct nor assumed liabilities at the date of the balance sheet.
The utility shall be prepared to give a complete statement of significant contingent assets and liabilities including cumulative dividends on preference stock in its annual report and at such other times as may be requested by the Commission.
Long-term debt: Premium, discount and expense, and gain or loss on reacquisition - A. Premium, discount and expense. A separate premium, discount and expense account shall be maintained for each class and series of long-term debt including receivers' certificates issued or assumed by the utility. The premium will be recorded in account , Unamortized Premium on Long-Term Debt, the discount will be recorded in account , Unamortized Discount on Long-Term Debt - Debit, and the expense of issuance shall be recorded in account , Unamortized Debt Expense.
The premium, discount and expense shall be amortized over the life of the respective issues under a plan which will distribute the amounts equitably over the life of the securities. The amortization shall be on a monthly basis, and amounts thereof relating to discount and expense shall be charged to account , Amortization of Debt Discount and Expense. The amounts relating to premium shall be credited to account , Amortization of Premium on Debt - Credit.
Reacquisition, without refunding. When long-term debt is reacquired or redeemed without being converted into another form of long-term debt and when the transaction is not in connection with a refunding operation primarily redemptions for sinking fund purposes , the difference between the amount paid upon reacquisition and the face value; plus any un- amortized premium less any related unamortized debt expense and reacquisition costs; or less any unamortized discount, related debt expense and reacquisition costs applicable to the debt redeemed, retired and canceled, shall be included in account , Unamortized Loss on Reacquired Debt, or account , Unamortized Gain on Reacquired Debt, as appropriate.
The utility shall amortize the recorded amounts equally on a monthly basis over the remaining life of the respective security issues old original debt. The amounts so amortized shall be charged to account Reacquisition, with refunding. When the redemption of one issue or series of bonds or other long-term obligations is financed by another issue or series before the maturity date of the first issue, the difference between the amount paid upon refunding and the face value; plus any unamortized premium less related debt expense or less any unamortized discount and related debt expense, applicable to the debt refunded, shall be included in account , Unamortized Loss on Reacquired Debt, or account , Unamortized Gain on Reacquired Debt, as appropriate.
The utility may elect to account for such amounts as follows:. Once an election is made, it shall be applied on a consistent basis. The amounts in 1 , 2 , or 3 above shall be charged to account Under methods 2 and 3 above, the increase or reduction in current income taxes resulting from the reacquisition should be apportioned over the remainder of the original life of the issue retired or over the life of the new issue, as appropriate, as directed more specifically in paragraphs E and F below.
When the utility recognizes the loss in the year of reacquisition as a tax deduction, account When the utility chooses to recognize the gain in the year of reacquisition as a taxable gain, account When the utility chooses to use the optional privilege of deferring the tax on the gain attributable to the reacquisition of debt by reducing the depreciable basis of utility property for tax purposes, pursuant to Section of the Internal Revenue Code, the related tax effects shall be deferred as the income is recognized for accounting purposes, and the deferred amounts shall be amortized over the life of the associated property on a vintage year basis.
Account Account shall be debited and account The tax effects relating to gain or loss shall be allocated as above to utility operations except in cases where a portion of the debt reacquired is directly applicable to nonutility operations.
In that event, the related portion of the tax effects shall be allocated to nonutility operations. Where it can be established that reacquired debt is generally applicable to both utility and nonutility operations, the tax effects shall be allocated between utility and nonutility operations based on the ratio of net investment in utility plant to net investment in non- utility plant.
Premium, discount, or expense on debt shall not be included as an element in the cost of construction or acquisition of property tangible or intangible , except under the provisions of account , Allowance for Borrowed Funds Used During Construction - Credit. Alternate method.
Where a regulatory authority or a group of regulatory authorities having prime rate jurisdiction over the utility specifically disallows the rate principle of amortizing gains or losses on reacquisition of long-term debt without refunding, and does not apply the gain or loss to reduce interest charges in computing the allowed rate of return for rate purposes, then the following alternate method may be used to account for gains or losses relating to reacquisition of long-term debt, with or without refunding.
Comprehensive interperiod income tax allocation. Where there are timing differences between the periods in which transactions affect taxable income and the periods in which they enter into the determination of pretax accounting income, the income tax effects of such transactions are to be recognized in the periods in which the differences between book accounting income and taxable income arise and in the periods in which the differences reverse using the deferred tax method. In general, comprehensive interperiod tax allocation should be followed whenever transactions enter into the determination of pretax accounting income for the period even though some transactions may affect the determination of taxes payable in a different period, as further qualified below.
Utilities are not required to utilize comprehensive interperiod income tax allocation until the deferred income taxes are included as an expense in the rate level by the regulatory authority having rate jurisdiction over the utility.
Where comprehensive interperiod tax allocation accounting is not practiced the utility shall include as a note to each financial statement, prepared for public use, a footnote explanation setting forth the utility's accounting policies with respect to interperiod tax allocation and describing the treatment for ratemaking purposes of the tax timing differences by regulatory authorities having rate jurisdiction.
Should the utility be subject to more than one agency having rate jurisdiction, its accounts shall appropriately reflect the ratemaking treatment deferral or flow through of each jurisdiction.
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maria
26.04.2021 at 15:28:57
Roska
26.04.2021 at 12:48:56