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3-oak-dowel-effect The results show that plain beech dowels reached the lowest values in all humidity levels. Yapici, F. İmirzi, H. Tempe tempe woodworkerssource. The hardness of wood varies with the direction of the wood grain, and varies from piece to piece. Weight stabilization was considered to have been achieved when the weight of two consecutive weighings after 3 oak dowel effect h did not differ by more than 0. Oak and beech dowels were selected for the research because they are the two most common types of hardwood in Central Europe, and the dowels of these oam 3 oak dowel effect are used in joints most often.

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Large Order Quotation. Refine Selection. Pine Dowel 6mm. VAT ex. VAT Inc. Buy View Request a Sample. Pine Quadrant Beading 6mm x 6mm. Pine Quadrant Beading 9mm x 9mm. Pine Dowel 9mm. Weight stabilization was considered to have been achieved when the weight of two consecutive weighings after 24 h did not differ by more than 0. The moisture content for the corresponding stage was then calculated using Eq.

The failure mode of the joint was also visually assessed according to the percentage representation of the given failure in the joint.

Table 1. Effect of dowel type and conditioning conditions on withdrawal strength. The results show that plain beech dowels reached the lowest values in all humidity levels. In case of plain dowels, the shear strength of the adhesive is particularly important, as can be seen from the detailed analysis of failure modes. The failure modes of tested dowels are given in Table 2.

The values in the table represent the average values obtained by visual assessment of each test specimen. A detailed analysis of the failure modes shows that each evaluated parameter contributes to the failure in a different way.

Some parameters may also interact, and the dowel diameter, or the thickness of the bonded joint may also affect the withdrawal strength. Due to the fact that the used dowels were manufactured via machine production, the diameters of dowels had small coefficient of variations 0.

In addition, the diameter of plain oak dowels 7. Decreases in the strength of the bonded joint can be explained by the loss of adhesion of the PVAc adhesive, which occurred as wood moisture increased Bomba et al. One of the main factors influencing the withdrawal strength was therefore relative humidity, or wood moisture due to hygroscopicity of wood. This principle was to ensure the maximum adherent bonded surface in the hole and result in a rigid bonded joint.

Therefore, the dowels remained intact and the remainder of the adhesive was visible on the surface of the dowels. Through an overall comparison of the withdrawal strength of plain and spiral-grooved dowels for both wood species Fig.

According to the diameter of the dowels and the different surface structures of the dowels, it was possible to derive the principle of adhesive distribution during the insertion of dowels into the hole for the individual variants Fig. The diagram was created based on a visual observation of the test specimens. For plain dowels, the adhesive was usually wiped from the wall into the hole, where it was then air-locked. This was case of plain beech dowels, whose diameter was 7.

At the same time, a thin bond line was formed between the dowels and the 8 mm hole, which was not even the minimum 0. There was also a partial backward push of the dowels out of the hole, which was prevented by the withdrawal of the test specimens by clamps during the curing period of the adhesive. The smaller diameter of plain oak dowels 7. Then, the bond line thickness for these plain dowels was greater. Therefore, it was likely that the diameters of tested dowels contributed to the overall higher strength of plain oak dowels.

In the second case, the pressure relief was facilitated by the grooves of the spiral dowels regardless of the outer diameter of the dowel.

At the same diameter, during the insertion of the dowel into the hole, along with the air, the adhesive was led away from the hole via gaps in the grooves of the spiral dowels Fig. Due to the grooves, the adhesive was also evenly distributed over the walls of the hole. This can explain why spiral-grooved dowels generally had better results compared to the plain dowels, both oak and beech. Furthermore, the higher resistance of spiral dowels can by influenced by additional mechanical transfer of load by surface projections.

For these reasons, it was not at all suitable to use plain dowels when bonding, and why grooved dowels e. Although the chamfered edges of plain dowels helped remove the adhesive together with the air to the side, if the dowel had a larger diameter, then the adhesive was pushed from the hole.

However, this may be an advantage compared to spiral dowels when they are, for example, used for particle boards, where the pressing of the adhesive between chips likely leads to strengthening the joint, which leads to higher withdrawal strength Eckelman and Cassens In contrast, the overall impact of dowel wood species on withdrawal strength Fig. İmirzi et al. Berglund, L. Bomba, J. DOI: Chans, D. Eckelman, C. Frihart, C. İmirzi, H. Jensen, J. Landrock, A. Ebnesajjad ed. Podlena, M. Rammer, D.

Seref, K. Tankut, A. Tankut, N.

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