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open-hardware-association-kernel GitHub - OpenMandrivaAssociation/kernel-release: Heart of OpenMandriva Linux operating system

Open hardware association kernel hardware OSH consists of physical artifacts of technology designed and offered by the open-design movement. Both free and open-source software FOSS and open-source hardware are created by this open-source culture movement and apply a like concept to a variety of components. It is sometimes, thus, referred to as FOSH free and open-source hardware.

The term usually means that information about the open hardware association kernel is easily discerned so that others can make it — coupling it closely to the harrdware movement. The original sharer gains feedback and potentially improvements on the design from the FOSH community. There is now significant evidence that such sharing can drive a high return Open Hardware Association 3d Model on investment for the scientific community. Since the rise of reconfigurable programmable logic devicessharing of logic designs has been a form of open-source hardware.

Instead of the schematics, hardware description language HDL code is shared. HDL modules, when distributed, are called semiconductor intellectual property cores open hardware association kernel, also known as IP cores.

Open-source hardware also helps alleviate the issue of proprietary device drivers for the free and open-source software community, ekrnel, it is not a pre-requisite for it, and should not be confused with the concept of open documentation for proprietary hardware, which is already sufficient for writing FLOSS device drivers and complete operating systems. The first hardware focused " open source " activities were started around by Bruce Perenscreator of the Open Source Definitionco-founder of the Open Source Initiativeand a ham radio operator.

He launched the Open Hardware Certification Program, which had the goal of allowing hardware manufacturers to self-certify their products as open. Shortly after the launch of the Open Hardware Certification Program, David Ope announced the Open Hardware Specification Project OHSpecanother attempt at licensing hardware components whose interfaces are available publicly and of creating an entirely new computing platform as an alternative to hardqare computing systems.

However, most of these activities faded out after a few years. The FreeIO project advocated open hardware association kernel concept of Free Hardware and proposed four freedoms that such hardware azsociation to users, based on the similar freedoms provided by free software licenses. Martin's projects attracted a variety of hardware and software developers as well as other volunteers.

Development of new open hardware designs at FreeIO ended in when Martin died of pancreatic cancer but the existing designs remain available from the organization's website. By the mid s open-source hardware again became a hub of activity due to the emergence of several major open-source hardware projects and companies, such as OpenCoresRepRap 3D printingArduinoAdafruit hardwarf SparkFun.

InPerens reactivated the openhardware. Following the Open Graphics Projectan effort to design, implement, and manufacture a free and open 3D graphics chip set and reference graphics card, Timothy Miller suggested the creation of hardward organization to safeguard the interests of the Open Graphics Project community. Raymond expressed some concerns about certain aspects of the OHL and decided to not review the license.

Around in context of the Freedom Defined project, the Open Hardware Definition was created as collaborative work of many [14] and is accepted as of by dozens of organizations and companies. Javier Serrano, an open hardware association kernel at CERN's Beams Department and the founder ksrnel the Open Hardware Repository, explained: "By sharing designs openly, CERN expects to improve the quality of designs through peer review and to guarantee open hardware association kernel users — including commercial companies — the freedom to study, modify and manufacture them, leading to better hardware and less duplication of efforts".

Following the Open hardware association kernel Hardware Summit, and after heated debates on licenses and what constitutes open-source hardware, Bruce Perens abandoned the OSHW Definition and the concerted efforts of those involved open hardware association kernel it.

FSF's Replicant project suggested in an alternative "free hardware" definition, derived from the FSF's four freedoms. The term hardware in open-source hardware has open hardware association kernel historically used in opposition to the term software of open-source software.

That is, open hardware association kernel refer to the electronic hardware on which the software runs see previous section. However, as more and more non-electronic hardware products are made open source hardaare example Wikihouse, OpenBeam or Hovalinthis hrdware tends to be used open hardware association kernel in its broader sense of "physical product".

The field of open-source hardware has been shown to go beyond electronic hardware and to cover a larger range of product categories associatiom as machine tools, vehicles and open hardware association kernel equipment. hwrdware to a mixture of privacy, security, and environmental concerns, a number of projects have started that aim to deliver a variety of open-source computing devices.

Several retrocomputing hobby groups have created numerous recreations or adaptations of the early home computers of the s and associatipn, some of which include improved functionality and more modern components such as surface-mount ICs and SD card readers. Miniaturised recreations of vintage computers have also been created. Electronics is one of the most popular types of open-source hardware. There are many companies that provide large varieties of open-source electronics assocciation as SparkfunAdafruit and Seeed.

In addition, there are NPOs and companies that provide a specific open-source electronic component such as the Arduino electronics prototyping platform. There are many examples of specialty open-source electronics such as low-cost voltage and current GMAW open-source 3-D printer open hardware association kernel [34] [35] and a robotics-assisted mass spectrometry assay platform.

A large range of open-source mechatronic products have been developed including mechanical components, machine kermel, vehicles, musical instruments, and medical equipment. Examples hardwsre open source medical equipment include open-source ventilatorsthe hardwware echOpen and a wide range of prosthetic hands listed in the review study by Ten Kate et. Rather than creating a new license, some open-source hardware projects use existing, free and hadrware software licenses.

Later, several new licenses were proposed, designed to address open hardware association kernel specific to hardware design. Despite superficial similarities to software licensesmost hardware licenses are fundamentally different: by nature, they typically kerne more heavily on patent law than on copyright law, as many hardware designs are not copyrightable.

The Open Source Hardware Association recommends seven licenses which follow their open-source hardware definition. Organizations tend to rally around a shared license. The adjective "open-source" not only refers to a specific set of freedoms applying to a product, but associatioon generally presupposes that the open hardware association kernel is the object or the result of a "process that relies on the contributions of open hardware association kernel dispersed developers via the Internet.

One of the major differences between developing open-source software and developing open-source hardware is that hardware results in tangible outputs, which cost money to prototype and manufacture. As a result, the phrase "free as in speech, not as in beer", [61] more formally known as Gratis versus Libredistinguishes between the idea of zero cost and the freedom to use and modify information.

While open-source hardware faces challenges in minimizing cost and reducing financial open hardware association kernel for individual project developers, some community members hardwage proposed models to address these needs [62] Given this, there are initiatives to develop open hardware association kernel community funding mechanisms, such as the Open Source Hardware Central Bank.

Extensive discussion has taken place on ways kegnel make open-source hardware as accessible as open-source software. Providing clear and detailed product documentation is an essential factor facilitating product replication and collaboration in hardware development associatiin. Practical guides have been developed to help practitioners to do so.

The process of developing open-source hardware in a community-based setting is alternatively called open hardware association kernel designopen source development [66] or open source product development. See here for a delineation of these terms. A major contributor to the harware of open-source hardware nardware designs is the scientific community. There has been considerable work to produce open-source hardware for scientific hardware using a combination of open-source electronics and 3-D printing.

Circuit Cellar magazine organizes some of these contests. A guide has been published Open-Source Lab book by Joshua Assoxiation on using open-source electronics and 3D printing to make open-source labs.

Today, scientists are creating many such labs. Examples include:. Open hardware companies are experimenting with business models. For example, to accelerate development and technical innovation, the kenrel industry has experimented with partnerships, franchises, secondary supplier and completely open-source models. Open hardware association kernel, many open-source hardware projects were funded via crowdfunding on Indiegogo or Kickstarter.

Especially popular is Crowd Supply for crowdfunding open hardware projects. Richard Stallman open hardware association kernel, the founder of the free software movement, was in skeptical on the idea and relevance of free hardware his terminology for what is now known as open-source hardware.

Other authors, such as Professor Joshua Pearce have argued there is an ethical imperative for open-source hardware — specifically with respect to open-source appropriate technology for sustainable development. It has featured many examples of applications of open-source hardware for open hardware association kernel purposes. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Hardware from the open-design movement. Free and open-source software portal.

Free Software Foundation Inc. Science and Public Policy. Open Documentation awsociation Hardware. OpenCONopen hardware association kernel Hardwarr Debian Announce List. Archived from the original on Hardwwre Open hardware association kernel maint: archived copy as title link.

Open Source Hardware Definition. Freedom Defined. Promoting Open Hardware. Open Hardware — Constitution. Open Hardware. The freedom to study how the hardware works, and change it so it works as you wish.

Access to the hardware design source is hardwaree precondition associahion this. The freedom to redistribute copies of the hardware and its design so you can help your neighbor. The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others. By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the hardware design source is a precondition for this".

Journal of Open Hardware. ISSN Open Source Hardware Association. Vintage Computer Forum. Journal of Sensors. Robotics-assisted mass spectrometry assay platform enabled by open-source electronics. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 64, p. Dual robotic arm "production line" mass spectrometry assay guided by multiple Arduino-type microcontrollers.

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemicalp. Analysthardwarre. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 88, p. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology.

The board of the Open Source Hardware Association currently consists of Oluwatobi Oyinlola, Javier Serrano, Drew Fustini, Shah Selbe, Nadya Peek, Katherine Scott, Salman Faris and Michael Weinberg. Kernel-Mode Driver. If a kernel-mode driver is a function or filter driver, it has attached a device object to the HID collection's device stack. The driver has to only use a create request to open the device. If the driver is not a function or filter driver, it typically uses Plug and . Licenses: Open Source Hardware Association • Mainline Linux Kernel + LTS w/ GPU support.

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