Cutting Wood For Turning Quest,Ruijie Cnc Router Machine Number,Benchtop Planer Ratings - Plans On 2021
It turns out that I was right and as I've been cutting more I've noticed a real uptick in accumulated metal on the ground. To address this problem I built a filtering system designed to remove the bigger particles from the exhaust. Since I'm not concerned with smoke and really extremely fin My plasma cutter really likes to take a nosedive into material that it is cutting.
I set out to make this less catastrophic with a magnetic torch break away. If you're interested in building your own you can download the stl files here. It is designed for captive nuts and fasteners on the torch mount and M5 socket head cap screws to attach it to the Z axis. The mix of metric and english is due to the off the shelf linear axis re I've never seen anyone form sheet metal using 3D printed tooling so I thought I would give it a try.
It worked surprisingly well. I've detailed the process I took to design and get the forming mostly working in the video. The end goal of this project was a replacement blade guard for a sawzall. I took this approach as an experiment though in general since I don't need of these it certainly isn't the most efficient approach given the total amount of work and low cost of the sawzall. Everyone loves 3D printing because you can make almost any arbitrary shape that you want with very little effort.
This is mostly true, but when you want to make functional parts sometimes the answer is to not make it fully 3D printed. This has been my experience trying to make 3D printed timing belt pulleys.
My original design was fully 3D printed which sort of worked but had a fatally annoying issue of loosening up every few days, usually at the most inconvenient time possible. The company I work at has an annual hackathon where teams come together to build all kinds of crazy stuff over 3 days. The vision was simple: We want a giant wooden benchy and we want it now.
My CNC mill is tiny. It's certainly fun, but these shortcomings become major limiters whenever I try to push the limits and remove a lot of material fast. Jesus' baptism in the Gospel of Matthew is similar.
Here, before Jesus' baptism, John protests, saying, "I need to be baptized by you" Matthew Jesus instructs him to carry on with the baptism "to fulfill all righteousness" Matthew Matthew also details the three temptations that Satan offers Jesus in the wilderness Matthew — In the Gospel of Luke , the Holy Spirit descends as a dove after everyone has been baptized and Jesus is praying Luke — John implicitly recognizes Jesus from prison after sending his followers to ask about him Luke — Jesus' baptism and temptation serve as preparation for his public ministry.
The Gospel of John leaves out Jesus' baptism and temptation. Before John is imprisoned, Jesus leads his followers to baptize disciples as well John —24 , and they baptize more people than John John The Synoptics depict two distinct geographical settings in Jesus' ministry.
The first takes place north of Judea , in Galilee , where Jesus conducts a successful ministry; and the second shows Jesus rejected and killed when he travels to Jerusalem. John depicts Jesus' ministry as largely taking place in and around Jerusalem, rather than in Galilee; and Jesus' divine identity is openly proclaimed and immediately recognized.
Scholars divide the ministry of Jesus into several stages. The Galilean ministry begins when Jesus returns to Galilee from the Judaean Desert after rebuffing the temptation of Satan. Jesus preaches around Galilee, and in Matthew —20 , his first disciples , who will eventually form the core of the early Church, encounter him and begin to travel with him.
As Jesus travels towards Jerusalem, in the Perean ministry, he returns to the area where he was baptized, about a third of the way down from the Sea of Galilee along the Jordan River John — This period culminates in the Last Supper and the Farewell Discourse.
Near the beginning of his ministry, Jesus appoints twelve apostles. In Matthew and Mark, despite Jesus only briefly requesting that they join him, Jesus' first four apostles, who were fishermen, are described as immediately consenting, and abandoning their nets and boats to do so Matthew —22 , Mark — In John, Jesus' first two apostles were disciples of John the Baptist. Also, in Luke —16 Jesus sends seventy or seventy-two of his followers in pairs to prepare towns for his prospective visit.
They are instructed to accept hospitality, heal the sick and spread the word that the Kingdom of God is coming. In Mark, the disciples are notably obtuse. They fail to understand Jesus' miracles Mark —41 , Mark , his parables Mark , or what "rising from the dead" would mean Mark — When Jesus is later arrested, they desert him.
The Kingdom is described as both imminent Mark and already present in the ministry of Jesus Luke Jesus promises inclusion in the Kingdom for those who accept his message Mark — Jesus talks of the " Son of Man ," an apocalyptic figure who would come to gather the chosen.
Jesus calls people to repent their sins and to devote themselves completely to God. And a second is like it: 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself" Matthew — Other ethical teachings of Jesus include loving your enemies , refraining from hatred and lust, turning the other cheek , and forgiving people who have sinned against you Matthew 5—7.
John's Gospel presents the teachings of Jesus not merely as his own preaching, but as divine revelation. John the Baptist, for example, states in John : "He whom God has sent speaks the words of God, for he gives the Spirit without measure. The words that I say to you I do not speak on my own; but the Father who dwells in me does his works.
Approximately thirty parables form about one third of Jesus' recorded teachings. But the one who does not have will be deprived even more. In the gospel accounts, Jesus devotes a large portion of his ministry performing miracles , especially healings. Jesus states that his miracles are from a divine source. When Jesus' opponents suddenly accuse him of performing exorcisms by the power of Beelzebul , the prince of demons, Jesus counters that he performs them by the "Spirit of God" Matthew or "finger of God", arguing that all logic suggests that Satan would not let his demons assist the Children of God because it would divide Satan's house and bring his kingdom to desolation; furthermore, he asks his opponents that if he exorcises by Beel'zebub , "by whom do your sons cast them out?
In John, Jesus' miracles are described as "signs", performed to prove his mission and divinity. Also, in the Synoptic Gospels, the crowds regularly respond to Jesus' miracles with awe and press on him to heal their sick.
In John's Gospel, Jesus is presented as unpressured by the crowds, who often respond to his miracles with trust and faith. In the cleansing of ten lepers and the raising of Jairus' daughter , for instance, the beneficiaries are told that their healing was due to their faith.
At about the middle of each of the three Synoptic Gospels are two significant events: the Confession of Peter and the Transfiguration of Jesus. In the Transfiguration Matthew —9 , Mark —8 , and Luke —36 , [] [] [] Jesus takes Peter and two other apostles up an unnamed mountain, where "he was transfigured before them, and his face shone like the sun, and his clothes became dazzling white.
The description of the last week of the life of Jesus often called Passion Week occupies about one third of the narrative in the canonical gospels, [] starting with Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem and ending with his Crucifixion. In the Synoptics, the last week in Jerusalem is the conclusion of the journey through Perea and Judea that Jesus began in Galilee. Jesus next expels the money changers from the Second Temple , accusing them of turning it into a den of thieves through their commercial activities.
Jesus then prophesies about the coming destruction, including false prophets, wars, earthquakes, celestial disorders, persecution of the faithful, the appearance of an "abomination of desolation," and unendurable tribulations Mark — The mysterious "Son of Man," he says, will dispatch angels to gather the faithful from all parts of the earth Mark — Jesus warns that these wonders will occur in the lifetimes of the hearers Mark — Jesus comes into conflict with the Jewish elders, such as when they question his authority and when he criticizes them and calls them hypocrites.
This potent sign [] increases the tension with authorities, [] who conspire to kill him John John next recounts Jesus' Last Supper with his disciples. The Last Supper is the final meal that Jesus shares with his twelve apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. The Last Supper is mentioned in all four canonical gospels; Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians —26 also refers to it.
Matthew —25 and John —27 specifically identify Judas as the traitor. In the Synoptics, Jesus takes bread, breaks it, and gives it to the disciples, saying, "This is my body, which is given for you". He then has them all drink from a cup, saying, "This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood" Luke — In all four gospels, Jesus predicts that Peter will deny knowledge of him three times before the rooster crows the next morning.
In Matthew and Mark, the prediction is made after the Supper; Jesus also predicts that all his disciples will desert him Matthew —34 , Mark — Chapters 14—17 of the Gospel of John are known as the Farewell Discourse and are a significant source of Christological content.
In the Synoptics, Jesus and his disciples go to the garden Gethsemane , where Jesus prays to be spared his coming ordeal. Then Judas comes with an armed mob, sent by the chief priests, scribes and elders. He kisses Jesus to identify him to the crowd, which then arrests Jesus. In an attempt to stop them, an unnamed disciple of Jesus uses a sword to cut off the ear of a man in the crowd.
After Jesus' arrest, his disciples go into hiding, and Peter, when questioned, thrice denies knowing Jesus. After the third denial, Peter hears the rooster crow and recalls Jesus' prediction about his denial. Peter then weeps bitterly. In John —11 , Jesus does not pray to be spared his crucifixion, as the gospel portrays him as scarcely touched by such human weakness.
The gospel identifies Peter as the disciple who used the sword, and Jesus rebukes him for it. After his arrest, Jesus is taken to the Sanhedrin , a Jewish judicial body. Early the next morning, the chief priests and scribes lead Jesus away into their council. During the trials Jesus speaks very little, mounts no defense, and gives very infrequent and indirect answers to the priests' questions, prompting an officer to slap him. In Matthew Jesus' unresponsiveness leads Caiaphas to ask him, "Have you no answer?
In Matthew and Luke, Jesus' answer is more ambiguous: [42] [] in Matthew he responds, "You have said so", and in Luke he says, "You say that I am". The Jewish elders take Jesus to Pilate's Court and ask the Roman governor, Pontius Pilate , to judge and condemn Jesus for various allegations, accusing him of blasphemy , perverting the nation, forbidding the payment of tribute, inciting sedition against Rome , sorcery , claiming to be the King of the Jews, the Son of God, and a savior to the world.
In John Jesus states, "My kingdom is not from this world", but he does not unequivocally deny being the King of the Jews. Herod and his soldiers mock Jesus, put an expensive robe on him to make him look like a king, and return him to Pilate, [] who then calls together Maple Wood For Turning Question the Jewish elders and announces that he has "not found this man guilty". Observing a Passover custom of the time, Pilate allows one prisoner chosen by the crowd to be released.
They beat and taunt him before taking him to Calvary , [] also called Golgotha, for crucifixion. Jesus' crucifixion is described in all four canonical gospels.
After the trials, Jesus is led to Calvary carrying his cross ; the route traditionally thought to have been taken is known as the Via Dolorosa. The three Synoptic Gospels indicate that Simon of Cyrene assists him, having been compelled by the Romans to do so. According to Matthew and Mark, he refuses it. The soldiers then crucify Jesus and cast lots for his clothes. Two convicted thieves are crucified along with Jesus.
In Matthew and Mark, both thieves mock Jesus. In Luke, one of them rebukes Jesus, while the other defends him. In John, Mary, the mother of Jesus, and the beloved disciple were at the crucifixion.
Jesus tells the beloved disciple to take care of his mother John — The Roman soldiers break the two thieves' legs a procedure designed to hasten death in a crucifixion , but they do not break those of Jesus, as he is already dead John In John , one soldier pierces Jesus' side with a lance , and blood and water flow out. In Matthew —54 , an earthquake breaks open tombs. On the same day, Joseph of Arimathea , with Pilate's permission and with Nicodemus ' help, removes Jesus' body from the cross , wraps him in a clean cloth, and buries him in his new rock-hewn tomb.
Mary Magdalene alone in the Gospel of John, but accompanied by other women in the Synoptics goes to Jesus' tomb on Sunday morning and is surprised to find it empty.
Despite Jesus' teaching, the disciples had not understood that Jesus would rise again. Jesus' ascension into Heaven is described in Luke —53 , Acts —11 and mentioned in 1 Timothy In the Acts of the Apostles , forty days after the Resurrection, as the disciples look on, "he was lifted up, and a cloud took him out of their sight".
The Acts of the Apostles describes several appearances of Jesus after his Ascension. In Acts , Stephen gazes into heaven and sees "Jesus standing at the right hand of God" just before his death. After Jesus' life, his followers, as described in the first chapters of the Acts of the Apostles , were all Jews either by birth or conversion , for which the biblical term " proselyte " is used, [] and referred to by historians as Jewish Christians.
The early Gospel message was spread orally , probably in Aramaic , [] but almost immediately also in Greek. After the conversion of Paul the Apostle , he claimed the title of "Apostle to the Gentiles". Paul's influence on Christian thinking is said to be more significant than that of any other New Testament author. Numerous quotations in the New Testament and other Christian writings of the first centuries, indicate that early Christians generally used and revered the Hebrew Bible the Tanakh as religious text , mostly in the Greek Septuagint or Aramaic Targum translations.
Early Christians wrote many religious works, including the ones included in the canon of the New Testament. The canonical texts, which have become the main sources used by historians to try to understand the historical Jesus and sacred texts within Christianity, were probably written between 50 and AD.
Prior to the Enlightenment , the Gospels were usually regarded as accurate historical accounts, but since then scholars have emerged who question the reliability of the Gospels and draw a distinction between the Jesus described in the Gospels and the Jesus of history.
Approaches to the historical reconstruction of the life of Jesus have varied from the "maximalist" approaches of the 19th century, in which the gospel accounts were accepted as reliable evidence wherever it is possible, to the "minimalist" approaches of the early 20th century, where hardly anything about Jesus was accepted as historical. A Roman prefect , rather than a client king, ruled the land.
As an exception, the prefect came to Jerusalem during religious festivals, when religious and patriotic enthusiasm sometimes inspired unrest or uprisings. Gentile lands surrounded the Jewish territories of Judea and Galilee , but Roman law and practice allowed Jews to remain separate legally and culturally. Galilee was evidently prosperous, and poverty was limited enough that it did not threaten the social order.
This was the era of Hellenistic Judaism , which combined Jewish religious tradition with elements of Hellenistic Greek culture. Hellenistic Judaism also existed in Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period , where there was conflict between Hellenizers and traditionalists sometimes called Judaizers. The Hebrew Bible was translated from Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic into Jewish Koine Greek ; the Targum translations into Aramaic were also generated during this era, both due to the decline of knowledge of Hebrew.
Jews based their faith and religious practice on the Torah , five books said to have been given by God to Moses. The three prominent religious parties were the Pharisees , the Essenes , and the Sadducees. Together these parties represented only a small fraction of the population.
Most Jews looked forward to a time that God would deliver them from their pagan rulers, possibly through war against the Romans. New Testament scholars face a formidable challenge when they analyze the canonical Gospels.
Scholars use a number of criteria, such as the criterion of independent attestation , the criterion of coherence , and the criterion of discontinuity to judge the historicity of events. Mark, which is most likely the earliest written gospel, has been considered for many decades the most historically accurate.
The non-canonical Gospel of Thomas might be an independent witness to many of Jesus' parables and aphorisms. For example, Thomas confirms that Jesus blessed the poor and that this saying circulated independently before being combined with similar sayings in the Q source.
Early non-Christian sources that attest to the historical existence of Jesus include the works of the historians Josephus and Tacitus. Scholars generally consider Tacitus' reference to the execution of Jesus to be both authentic and of historical value as an independent Roman source. Non-Christian sources are valuable in two ways. First, they show that even neutral or hostile parties never show any doubt that Jesus actually existed.
Second, they present a rough picture of Jesus that is compatible with that found in the Christian sources: that Jesus was a teacher, had a reputation as a miracle worker, had a brother James, and died a violent death.
Archaeology helps scholars better understand Jesus' social world. Jesus was a Galilean Jew, [11] born around the beginning of the 1st century, who died in 30 or 33 AD in Judea. The Gospels offer several indications concerning the year of Jesus' birth. Matthew associates the birth of Jesus with the reign of Herod the Great , who died around 4 BC, and Luke mentions that Herod was on the throne shortly before the birth of Jesus, [] [] although this gospel also associates the birth with the Census of Quirinius which took place ten years later.
The date range for Jesus' ministry have been estimated using several different approaches. A number of approaches have been used to estimate the year of the crucifixion of Jesus. Most scholars agree that he died in 30 or 33 AD. The dates for Paul's conversion and ministry can be determined by analyzing the Pauline epistles and the Acts of the Apostles. Scholars have reached a limited consensus on the basics of Jesus' life.
Many scholars agree that Joseph, Jesus' father, died before Jesus began his ministry. Joseph is not mentioned at all in the Gospels during Jesus' ministry. Joseph's death would explain why in Mark , Jesus' neighbors refer to Jesus as the "son of Mary" sons were usually identified by their fathers.
According to Theissen and Merz, it is common for extraordinary charismatic leaders , such as Jesus, to come into conflict with their ordinary families. According to E. Sanders, the birth narratives in Matthew and Luke are the clearest case of invention in the Gospel narratives of Jesus' life. Both accounts have Jesus born in Bethlehem , in accordance with Jewish salvation history, and both have him growing up in Nazareth. But Sanders points that the two Gospels report completely different and irreconcilable explanations for how that happened.
Luke's account of a census in which everyone returned to their ancestral cities is not plausible. Matthew's account is more plausible, but the story reads as though it was invented to identify Jesus as like a new Moses , and the historian Josephus reports Herod the Great's brutality without ever mentioning that he massacred little boys.
Sanders says that the genealogies of Jesus are based not on historical information but on the authors' desire to show that Jesus was the universal Jewish savior. Most modern scholars consider Jesus' baptism to be a definite historical fact, along with his crucifixion.
Dunn states that they "command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus.
Most scholars hold that Jesus lived in Galilee and Judea and did not preach or study elsewhere. According to Ehrman, Jesus taught that a coming kingdom was everyone's proper focus, not anything in this life. According to Gerd Theissen and Annette Merz, these teaching sessions include authentic teachings of Jesus, but the scenes were invented by the respective evangelists to frame these teachings, which had originally been recorded without context.
First, he attributed them to the faith of those healed. Second, he connected them to end times prophecy. Jesus chose twelve disciples the "Twelve" , [] evidently as an apocalyptic message. In Ehrman's view, no Christians would have invented a line from Jesus, promising rulership to the disciple who betrayed him.
While others sometimes respond to Jesus with complete faith, his disciples are puzzled and doubtful. Sanders says that Jesus' mission was not about repentance , although he acknowledges that this opinion is unpopular.
He argues that repentance appears as a strong theme only in Luke, that repentance was John the Baptist 's message, and that Jesus' ministry would not have been scandalous if the sinners he ate with had been repentant.
Jesus taught that an apocalyptic figure, the " Son of Man ", would soon come on clouds of glory to gather the elect, or chosen ones Mark —27, Matthew —31, Luke — He referred to himself as a " son of man " in the colloquial sense of "a person", but scholars do not know whether he also meant himself when he referred to the heavenly "Son of Man". The Gospels refer to Jesus not only as a messiah but in the absolute form as "the Messiah" or, equivalently, "the Christ".
In early Judaism, this absolute form of the title is not found, but only phrases such as "his messiah". The tradition is ambiguous enough to leave room for debate as to whether Jesus defined his eschatological role as that of the messiah.
Sanders associates it with Jesus' prophecy that the Temple would be totally demolished. His words as recorded in the Synoptic gospels and Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians do not entirely agree, but this symbolic meal appears to have pointed to Jesus' place in the coming Kingdom of God when very probably Jesus knew he was about to be killed, although he may have still hoped that God might yet intervene.
The Gospels say that Jesus was betrayed to the authorities by a disciple, and many scholars consider this report to be highly reliable. After Jesus' death, his followers said he was restored to life, although exact details of their experiences are unclear.
The gospel reports contradict each other, possibly suggesting competition among those claiming to have seen him first rather than deliberate fraud. Michael White suggests that inconsistencies in the Gospels reflect differences in the agendas of their unknown authors. Modern research on the historical Jesus has not led to a unified picture of the historical figure, partly because of the variety of academic traditions represented by the scholars.
Jesus is seen as the founder of, in the words of Sanders, a '"renewal movement within Judaism. A disagreement in contemporary research is whether Jesus was apocalyptic. Most scholars conclude that he was an apocalyptic preacher, like John the Baptist and Paul the Apostle. In contrast, certain prominent North American scholars, such as Burton Mack and John Dominic Crossan, advocate for a non- eschatological Jesus, one who is more of a Cynic sage than an apocalyptic preacher.
Since the 18th century, scholars have occasionally put forth that Jesus was a political national messiah, but the evidence for this portrait is negligible. Likewise, the proposal that Jesus was a Zealot does not fit with the earliest strata of the Synoptic tradition. Jesus grew up in Galilee and much of his ministry took place there. Modern scholars agree that Jesus was a Jew of 1st-century Palestine.
The New Testament gives no description of the physical appearance of Jesus before his death—it is generally indifferent to racial appearances and does not refer to the features of the people it mentions. The Christ myth theory is the hypothesis that Jesus of Nazareth never existed; or if he did, that he had virtually nothing to do with the founding of Christianity and the accounts in the gospels.
Apart from his own disciples and followers, the Jews of Jesus' day generally rejected him as the messiah, as do the great majority of Jews today.
Christian theologians, ecumenical councils , reformers and others have written extensively about Jesus over the centuries. Christian sects and schisms have often been defined or characterized by their descriptions of Jesus.
Jesus is the central figure of Christianity. These documents outline the key beliefs held by Christians about Jesus, including his divinity, humanity, and earthly life, and that he is the Christ and the Son of God. The New Testament states that the resurrection of Jesus is the foundation of the Christian faith 1 Corinthians — Most Christians believe that Jesus was both human and the Son of God. However, the doctrine of the Trinity is not universally accepted among Christians.
Christians revere not only Jesus himself, but also his name. Devotions to the Holy Name of Jesus go back to the earliest days of Christianity. A central tenet of Judaism is the absolute unity and singularity of God Deuteronomy , and the worship of a person is understood as a form of idolatry.
Judaic criticism of Jesus is long-standing. The Talmud , written and compiled from the 3rd to the 5th century AD, [] includes stories that since medieval times have been considered to be defamatory accounts of Jesus. Medieval Hebrew literature contains the anecdotal "Episode of Jesus" known also as Toledot Yeshu , in which Jesus is described as being the son of Joseph, the son of Pandera see: Episode of Jesus.
The account portrays Jesus as an impostor. Islamic texts emphasize a strict notion of monotheism tawhid and forbid the association of partners with God, which would be idolatry. The Quran describes the annunciation to Mary Maryam by the Holy Spirit that she is to give birth to Jesus while remaining a virgin. It calls the virgin birth a miracle that occurred by the will of God.
To aid in his ministry to the Jewish people, Jesus was given the ability to perform miracles , by permission of God rather than by his own power. Qadi al-Nu'man explains that Jesus was from the pure progeny of Abraham , just as Ali and his sons were from the pure progeny of Muhammad , through Fatima. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has several distinct teachings about Jesus. Ahmadis believe that he was a mortal man who survived his crucifixion and died a natural death at the age of in Kashmir , India and is buried at Roza Bal.
In Christian Gnosticism now a largely extinct religious movement , [] Jesus was sent from the divine realm and provided the secret knowledge gnosis necessary for salvation.
Most Gnostics believed that Jesus was a human who became possessed by the spirit of "the Christ" at his baptism. This spirit left Jesus' body during the crucifixion, but was rejoined to him when he was raised from the dead. Some Gnostics, however, were docetics , believed that Jesus did not have a physical body, but only appeared to possess one.
Some Hindus consider Jesus to be an avatar or a sadhu. Some of the earliest depictions of Jesus at the Dura-Europos church are firmly dated to before The depiction of Christ in pictorial form was highly controversial in the early Church. Although large images are generally avoided, few Protestants now object to book illustrations depicting Jesus.
The Transfiguration was a major theme in Eastern Christian art, and every Eastern Orthodox monk who had trained in icon painting had to prove his craft by painting an icon depicting it. Before the Protestant Reformation, the crucifix was common in Western Christianity.
It is a model of the cross with Jesus crucified on it. The crucifix became the central ornament of the altar in the 13th century, a use that has been nearly universal in Roman Catholic churches since then. Jesus appears as an infant in a manger feed trough in Christmas creches, which depict the Nativity scene. The total destruction that ensued with the siege of Jerusalem by the Romans in AD 70 made the survival of items from 1st-century Judea very rare and almost no direct records survive about the history of Judaism from the last part of the 1st century through the 2nd century.
However, throughout the history of Christianity, a number of relics attributed to Jesus have been claimed, although doubt has been cast on them. The 16th-century Catholic theologian Erasmus wrote sarcastically about the proliferation of relics and the number of buildings that could have been constructed from the wood claimed to be from the cross used in the Crucifixion.
Some relics, such as purported remnants of the Crown of Thorns , receive only a modest number of pilgrims , while the Shroud of Turin which is associated with an approved Catholic devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus , has received millions, [] including popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Jesus Christ. For other uses, see Christ disambiguation , Jesus of Nazareth disambiguation , and Jesus disambiguation.
Central figure of Christianity. Kingdom of Judea , Roman Empire [5]. Jerusalem , Judea , Roman Empire. Mary Joseph [d]. Jesus in Christianity. Jesus in Islam. Jesus in history. Perspectives on Jesus. Jesus in culture. Life in art Depiction Jesuism. Early life. In rest of the NT. Road to Damascus John's vision. Main article: Life of Jesus in the New Testament. Main articles: Genealogy of Jesus and Nativity of Jesus.
Main article: Christ Child. Main articles: Baptism of Jesus and Temptation of Christ. Main article: Ministry of Jesus. Main articles: Confession of Peter and Transfiguration of Jesus. Main article: Last Supper. Main articles: Crucifixion of Jesus and Burial of Jesus.
See also: Sayings of Jesus on the cross and Crucifixion eclipse. Further information: Overview of resurrection appearances in the Gospels and Paul.
Main article: Early Christianity. See also: Biblical criticism. Main article: Sources for the historicity of Jesus. See also: Josephus on Jesus and Tacitus on Christ. The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. January Learn how and when to remove this template message.
Main article: Chronology of Jesus. See also: Anno Domini. Main article: Historicity of Jesus. Roman senator and historian Tacitus mentioned the execution of "Christus" Jesus by Pilate in a passage describing the Great Fire of Rome and Nero 's persecution of Christians in the Annals , a history of the Roman Empire during the 1st century. See also: Brothers of Jesus. Main articles: Historical Jesus and Quest for the historical Jesus.
Further information: Language of Jesus and Race and appearance of Jesus. Main article: Christ myth theory. Main article: Religious perspectives on Jesus. Main articles: Jesus in Christianity , Christ title , and Christology. Main article: Judaism's view of Jesus. See also: Jesus in the Talmud.
Main article: Jesus in Islam. Main article: Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam. See also: Criticism of Jesus. Main article: Depiction of Jesus. Main article: Relics associated with Jesus. Watts state that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Gregory A. Boyd say that non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus is now "firmly established".
Muslims believe that she conceived her son miraculously by the command of God. Joseph was from these perspectives the acting adoptive father. Burridge states: "There are those who argue that Jesus is a figment of the Church's imagination, that there never was a Jesus at all. I have to say that I do not know any respectable critical scholar who says that any more".
Price does not believe that Jesus existed, but agrees that this perspective runs against the views of the majority of scholars. Dunn calls the theories of Jesus' non-existence "a thoroughly dead thesis".
Van Voorst states that biblical scholars and classical historians regard theories of non-existence of Jesus as effectively refuted. These units were later moved and arranged by authors and editors.
Some material has been revised and some created by early Christians. His followers came to believe he was the promised Messiah. Acts , but for the most part he displays little interest in the details of Jesus' earthly life and ministry. The fact that Jesus existed, that he was crucified under Pontius Pilate for whatever reason and that he had a band of followers who continued to support his cause, seems to be part of the bedrock of historical tradition.
If nothing else, the non-Christian evidence can provide us with certainty on that score. Meier states that Jesus' birth year is c. Or if he did, he had virtually nothing to do with the founding of Christianity.
Age of Reason, , pp. Christology was a major focus of these debates, and was addressed at every one of the first seven ecumenical councils. Some early beliefs viewed Jesus as ontologically subordinate to the Father Subordinationism , and others considered him an aspect of the Father rather than a separate person Sabellianism , both were condemned as heresies by the Catholic Church.
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InterVarsity Press. Retrieved September 5, The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible. OUP Oxford. Archived from the original on February 29, Retrieved October 15, Jesus and the Gospels. Clark International. A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature. Who's Who in the New Testament. Archived PDF from the original on May 10, Retrieved July 2, The Gospel of Matthew. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing.
Random House. Clarendon Press. In Bockmuehl, Markus N. Cambridge companion to Jesus. Eerdmans commentary on the Bible. Jesus of history, Christ of faith. Saint Mary's Press. Archived from the original on February 27, The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition. Life of Christ. The Sermon on the mount: a theological investigation. In Jackson, Samuel M. November 23, The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels.
In Durken, Daniel ed. The emergence of Christian theology. The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel. Dwight The parables of Jesus: lessons in life from the Master Teacher. Keith The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah. WindRiver Publishing. The Parables of Jesus. Daniels and Smith Publishers.
The parables of our Lord? William Macintosh Publishers. Interpreting the Parables. Archived from the original on August 10, Retrieved June 3, The Miracles Of Jesus. The words and works of Jesus Christ. All the Miracles of the Bible. The Christology of Mark's Gospel. Fortress Press.
Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology. One teacher: Jesus' teaching role in Matthew's gospel. Walter de Gruyter. All the Apostles of the Bible. Retrieved July 11, The Synoptic Gospels and the Book of Acts.
Peter: apostle for the whole church. The Gospel according to Matthew, Volume 1. Charles Scribner Co. The Gospel according to John. Ramsey John Understanding the Bible Commentary Series. Baker Books. Retrieved September 7, Luke's presentation of Jesus: a christology. Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico. The Names of Jesus. Twenty-Third Publications. Kregel Academic.
The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew. The Acts of the Apostles. Thus the term seems to have passed from an original local and chiefly political sense, in which it was used as early as BC, to a technical and religious meaning in the Judaism of the New Testament epoch.
Early Christianity and Greek Paideia. Harvard University Press. Archived from the original on December 17, Retrieved February 26, The Oxford dictionary of the Christian Church 3rd rev. Archived from the original on June 26, Retrieved May 1, Ehrman Archived from the original on April 16, The New Testament contains twenty-seven books, written in Greek, by fifteen or sixteen different authors, who were addressing other Christian individuals or communities between the years 50 and C.
As we will see, it is difficult to know whether any of these books was written by Jesus' own disciples. Jesus in Contemporary Scholarship. Archived from the original on April 18, In Davies, W. The Cambridge history of Judaism. Volume 2: The Hellenistic Age 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
John, Jesus, and History, Volume 2. Cambridge Companion to Jesus. Josephus, the essential works: a condensation of Jewish antiquities and The Jewish war. Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies.
What are they saying about the historical Jesus? Paulist Press. Jesus and archaeology. The Nativity: History and Legend.
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