Carpentry Shop Slideshare Zone,Veneer Suppliers Canada 8s,Rc Jet Planes For Beginners Code - Step 3
Show More. No Downloads. Views Total views. Actions Shares. No notes for slide. Carpentry shop 1. Carpentry Shop By : Mr.
It is very easy to be worked with tools to give it desired shape and size. Structural connections and joints can be easily made. It is lighter in weight. In framed structure , it suites equally well both load bearing and non load bearing members. In timber work, cost of material as well as construction both are minimized as compared to the other materials of similar use.
It responds very well to polishing and 5. Advantages of Timber 7. It suites very favorably to doors, windows, cabinet work furniture an decorative designs and fittings. It is quit suitable for making sound proof construction.
It, being non conductor of heat, is favoured for the construction of houses. Such houses will remain warm in winter and cool in summer. It provides combination of strength, durability, lightness and economy as compared to other materials of construction.
Endogenous Tree or Inwards Growing 1. Exogenous trees grow in width by forming a new layer of wood under the bark. Endogenous trees grow by forming new fibers within the trunk interspersed with the old fibers. Structure of Timber Tree 1. It is resinous wood having a fragrant smell and regular texture. Straight fiber and good texture. Light in colour and weight. Hard Wood 1. Good tensile strength 5. It is non-resinous wood containing a fairly good amount of acid.
Fibers are quite close and compact. Dark in colour and heavy in weight. Annual rings are not distinct Good tensile as well as shear strength.
Soft Wood Hard Wood 6. Get split quickly 7. Weaker and less durable 8. Catch fire soon cannot withstand high temperature. It is easy to be worked. It has an added advantage in its refractoriness. It is difficult to be worked. It should be free from knots. It should not posses natural defects. On sawing it should give a sweet smell. It should have regular annual rings.
It should not clot the saw teeth during sawing. It should be Strong and heavy. It should not split when nails are driven in to it. It should bear high resistance shock and stresses. It should have dark colour, give clear sound, easily workable, high resistance to fire and free from decay. On planning it should give silky texture and bright appearance.
It should not wrap or twist after seasoning. It should respond well to polishing and painting. Durability 2. Weight 4. Hardness 5.
Cohesivness 6. Elasticity 7. Type of texture 8. Type of grains 9. Resistance to fire Resistance to various stresses Ability to retain shape Easy Polishing If the timber is used without seasoning it is liable to shrink , wrap and crack.
Methods of Seasoning 1. Natural Seasoning a Air Seasoning:In this method of seasoning the sawn timber is stacked in a dry place about 30 cm above floor level with longitudinal and crosspieces arranged one upon another, leaving a space of a few Centimeters for free circulation of air. Advantages i ii iii It does not necessitate much attention It is simple and cheap method. Less chances of damage to the timber.
Disadvantages i Very slow extends over years. By this process, the sap, sugar and gum etc are leached out of the wood and replaced by water. The logs are then taken out and left to dry in an open places.
Advantages It is quick process, tendency of wood to shrink or wrap is reduced less liable to be eaten away by worm or to decay by dry rot. Disadvantages i The process reduces the elasticity and the durability of the timber. Artificial Seasoning a Kiln Seasoning:- The timber is seasoned under controlled temperature and humidity conditions with proper circulation and ventilation system. The rise in temperature should be such that the timber retains the original strength and elastic properties.
The required humidity level is maintained to avoid wrapping and cracking. The drying of timber at uniform rate is well maintained by circulating hot air by fans and a certain amount of steam is added in order to retain correct humidity.
The ventilation is provided to avoid over heating and excessive humidity. The timber inside the chamber , on trolley is kept under controlled conditions for about fortnight or depending upon the initial water content and required moisture level. The quality of wood is inferior as compared to the one seasoned by natural seasoned methods.
Kiln Method The drying is controlled, so no chances for the attack of fungi and insects. The drying of different surfaces is even and uniform. It is costly. More skilled labor required. Due to quick seasoning so chances to check regularly seasoning defects such as wrapping, internal cracks, surface cracks etc.
It is also known as salt seasoning. In the method, the timber is immersed in a solution of soluble salt. It is then taken out and seasoned in ordinary way.
The interior surface of timber dries in advance of exterior one and chances of formation of external cracks are reduced. C Electrical Seasoning:This method of seasoning works on the principle that heat is produced when poor conductor are placed in the field of high frequency. The wooden planks are made to pass through an induction coil producing high frequency. Due to an induction effect moisture contents in the wood is dried quickly.
This method of drying is employed in plywood manufacturing process. This method is not popular because of prohibitive cost, lack of control moisture content, sudden drying damage wooden fibers. Electrical Seasoning Seasoning Videos A rtificial seasoning of timber Timber Tress of India 1. The central layer is called core, the outer layer is face plys and intermediate layers as cross bands.
It can be made in very large sizes. Easily worked and bend into shapes of different designs. Top veeners can be given fine decorative effects to give attractive appearance. The strips may be up to about 28mm wide and are placed edge to edge and sandwiched between veneers of softwood, hardwood or thin MDF or particleboard, glued under high pressure. The internal strips are generally made of light weight poplar wood. Blockboard is used to make doors, tables, shelves, paneling and partition walls.
It is normally used for interior usages, due to the type of glues used. To achieve maximum strength, it is important to ensure that the core runs lengthways. Blockboard also called lumber core has very good screw holding and can be considered as solid wood; it has a good resistance to warping. Types of fiberboard in order of increasing density include particle board, medium-density fiberboard, and hardboard. Fiberboard is sometimes used as a synonym for particle board, but particle board usually refers to lowdensity fiberboard.
Plywood is not a type of fiberboard, as it is made of thin sheets of wood, not wood fibers or particles. Fiberboard, particularly medium-density fiberboard MDF , is heavily used in the furniture industry. For pieces that will be visible, a veneer of wood is often glued onto fiberboard to give it the appearance of conventional wood.
These pieces are usually covered with a skin, foil, or fabric such as cloth, suede, leather, or polyvinyl chloride. Fiber Board Battens are used in building construction and various other fields as both structural and purely cosmetic elements. In the steel industry, battens may also be referred to as "top hats", in reference to the profile of the metal.
They are also used on tall ships to form the ladders up the shrouds in a fashion similar to ratlines. They are also used to help secure tarpaulinsover hatches, thus giving rise to the common phrase "batten down the hatches! Used by analogy in non-sailing contexts, it means to prepare to weather a coming storm, whether that storm is metaphorical or real. Wood Working Hand Tools Classification of tools according to their use is given below Measuring and Marking Tools 2.
Holding and Supporting Tools 3. Cutting Tools 4. Planning Tools 5. I express my thanks to the Thesis Coordinator, Ar. My deep sense of gratitude towards all the people who extended a helping hand during my case studies and various site visits. All my juniors, classmates and friends for supporting me during the last five years. Finally I am grateful to my parents for their continuous support throughout the thesis work.
It is almost a continuation of Chandigarh. To its North is Rupnagar district. To its South are Fatehgarh sahib and Patiala. Many have yet to be fully developed as is the case of sector 62, which is earnmarked for a future commercial City Centre.
They are small or medium in size and rooms will have a phone and TV. They offer spacious rooms and decorative lobbies. Above-average service, beautifully furnished rooms, restaurants, room service, valet parking, fitness center and a concierge are some amenities to expect.
These must be of superior quality and high standard. Speciality restaurant Coffee shop Lounge Health club Up scale public areas Up scale guestrooms including premium furniture and linen, bathrobes, slippers, safe, wet bar.
Main areas are lobbies, dining spaces, rest rooms, passenger elevators, corridors, hotel rooms, etc 2. Corridor space should be about 6msq per room 2. At least 1. Separate routes should be provided for guests , staff and goods. In case of a low-rise profile or absence of deg.
Meetings , conference Kitchen , stores Adm. The front half of the house includes the reception area and the guest rooms, or the covered arcades, the area of dining and socializing. The back of the house is where the food is prepared and the guests services amenities are taken care of , such as laundering, house keeping etc.
The two functions must be kept separate and yet so inter-related that both function smoothly and efficiently. The offices are generally divided into four clusters Executive 4. The following points should be kept in mind while designing the front desk area.
The accounting cluster may have the following Reception 2. Controller 3. Assistant controller 4. Cashier 5. Accounting work area. Computer room 7.
Reception area. General manager 3. Secretary 4. Executive assistant manager 5. Conference room 6. Other :- toilet , storage , copying etc. The accounting office should be provided a minimum of 3 square feet 0. Their cluster include Director of sales 3. Sales representative 4. Catering managers 5. Banquet manager 6. Banquet representative.
Convention service manager 8. Function book room 9. Secretaries Other:- toilets, storage, etc. The admin, offices are divided into 4 categories As guests linger, it serves as an informal gathering space.. Separate door to baggage room in high class hotels. Visual Impaction:- Informal gathering. Function - Control point. Lobby makes the single greatest impact on the guest, so that the lobby elements and the design details are crucial to making positive and lasting impression on the guests.
Main lobby is the hub of circulation, a place of assembly, waiting, registration, account settling and information services. Ranging from high grade city center hotels about 1m sq per room , the lobby includes a front desk, lounge waiting area, public telephone ,cloakrooms and facilities for luggage handling and safe deposit. It includes storage rooms, public dining halls, and banquets, bar, cocktail restaurant, cocktail lounge and garbage room with incinerator sometimes.
Typical area of about 16 sq. The kitchen can service coffee shop, banquet hall, conference halls, and room service. In this case the kitchen should be 33 percent more than the main dining space.
This length may be served by 1 waiter if meals pre-cooked. Average floor space per person in a banquet room: 0. Of subdivisions and proportions of each no. Of dividing walls, acoustic rating of dividing storage of dividing walls.
Chandeliers, Floor load:. In this case the kitchen should be 33percent more than the main dining space. Notes: 1. Living area does not include the bathroom, closet or entry.
Guest leaving the bedroom must pass through reception before returning to the car park.. Guest luggage — main entrance — luggage lift — bedrooms — luggage rooms. Food, drink, stores — deliveries entrance — bulk stores — various departments. In larger room not more than 18m.
Three exit: For people: 1m. For people: 1. Stairway should be enclosed by fire resisting construction. The laundry and housekeeping areas have key adjacency requirements, related to servicing the guestrooms and providing staff uniform and other linen. Laundry to housekeeping linen storage Housekeeping to uniform issue Uniform issue to employee lockers Housekeeping to service elevators.
But requires more space. The equation of calculating the guest parking is as follow:. The mechanical equipment areas do not need to be immediately adjacent to the other service areas, although they should be close to the laundry, kitchen, and other high-energy use areas for most effective operation. In fact, the equipment rooms can be organized along a separate service corridor for better control and supervision.
However, the engineering function operates 24 hours a day and thus must be directly connected to back-of-house areas and to the service elevators. The area requirements for the mechanical and electrical areas vary considerably, depending on such factors as climate, size of hotel, type of construction, orientation, and operational objectives. Plans for the engineering spaces should include the following consideration:.
The areas should be located in a way such that large equipment can be replaced reasonably easily. Flow Diagram For Electricity Supply: In multistory buildings, there is a very large requirement of electricity.
To transfer the enormous amount of electricity, vertical bus bars solid copper rods are fitted in bus ducts. Some times bus cables are also used. Current at various levels is drawn from these bus bars and sent to the distribution boards. It is stepped down to 33, volts; incoming power to substation can be 33, volts or 11, volts. For lower voltage tariff is higher.
User requirement is volts. At the boundary, dropout switch is provided. Armored cable insulated with steel coil are linked to substation. If there are two basements, substation can be persuaded in the upper basement. It should be accessible directly from ground floor level. Substation houses heat producing and vibration transformers. Intakes requirement if the substation is owned and operated by the local electrical board. Their major components of the substation are: High tension room Transformer Low tension room.
Each system is adopted in accordance with the local bye-laws, materials available, planning of toilet layout etc. Suitable drains, drains, either open channels with cast iron grating or pipes with inlets at reasonable intervals have to be provided, the flooring must be sloped towards these drains to avoid stagnation of water in the floors. This system consists of a tank of adequate size with compressed air to maintain the pressure range in the tank.
Water is pumped into the tank against the pressure to a predetermined level. The water is then forced out by pneumatic pressure to serve the fixtures connected to the system. Large quantities of water are required for personal use, food preparation, cleaning, fire fighting, cooling and softening plat, boiler laundry, swimming pool and recreational use.
Air conditioning is defined as the simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, cleanliness and air motion within an enclosure. It comprises of AC as well as ventilation inside the whole building.
The services inside the five star hotels are mainly concentrated in the basement. The air conditioning system generally adopted in a hotel is the —. Air conditioning is done by Fan Coil Units, which is basically re-circulates air from room, to which. They may be sited under the window or on the adjacent party wall or in the lowered ceiling space above the bathroom or entrance vestibule mounted horizontally.
Primary air is supplied from central plant through ducts. Depending upon the type of the load and use, following are suitable air-conditioning system: Load Units Suitable a. Up to 5 tons Window units b. From 5 to 40 tons Package units c. From 40 to tons Direction expansion plant d.
Greater than tons Central system in any medium sized hotel, air-conditioning load required is greater than tons, we have to go for chilled water system with air handling units and individual room control with fan coil units of the Central plant, is available in compressor. Area requirement tons requirement per about sqm. This room should be totally enclosed, should have artificial light and mechanical ventilation. Plant rooms should be acoustically treated, the treatment Carpentry Shop Slideshare Zoo is in form of polythene lining covered with perforated aluminum sheet.
To expedite the evacuation. The capacity of this pump is such that it can supply 1, to 2, litres of water per minute under a pressure of 1. The rating system, based on accepted energy and environmental principles, seeks to strike a balance between the established practices and emerging concepts, both national and international.
The team has effectively utilized the several multi-disciplinary strengths and experiences of the colleagues at TERI to arrive at the tools that addresses cross-cutting issues in the design, development, and operation of a green building.
A building is assessed based its predicted performance entire life cycle — inception through operation. Each criterion has a number of points assigned to it. It means that a project intending to meet the criterion would qualify for the points. Compliances, as specified in the relevant criterion, have to be submitted in the prescribed format. TERI-GRIHA has a point system consisting of some core points, which are mandatory to be met while the rest are optional points, which can be earned by complying with the commitment of the criterion for which the point is allocated.
The minimum points required for certification is Soil conservation post construction Design to include existing site features Reduce hard paving on site. Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency Plan utilities efficiently and optimize on site circulation efficiency. Reduce landscape water requirement Reduce building water use Efficient water use during construction.
Optimize building design to reduce conventional energy demand Optimize energy performance of building within specified comfort Utilization of flyash in building structure Reduce volume, weight and time of construction by adopting efficient technology e. Use low-energy material in interiors. Minimize ozone depleting substances Ensure water quality Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels Tobacco and smoke control Energy audit and validation Operations and maintenance protocol for electrical and mechanical equipment Bonus.
Offices, Parliament House, Rashtrapati Bhawan and the highly active commercial area and shopping district of Connaught Place. Case Study Introduction of Le Meridien and facilities 1.
This Luxury Hotel is spread over 4. A grand Porch. Entrance Lobby. Business Centre and Lounge. Convention Centre comprising of Pre Function lobbies. Cloak Rooms and Banqueting Facilities with an outdoor party. Public Washrooms. Multi Cuisine Restaurant. Atrium Cafe. Indian specialty Restaurant.
Lounge Bar.
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