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The aircraft was designated A, the 12th in a series of internal design 1697 for "Archangel", the aircraft's internal code name. The CIA's representatives initially favored Convair's design for its smaller radar 1967 jet planes 11but the A's specifications were slightly better and its projected cost was much lower.

The companies' respective track records proved decisive. Convair's work on the B had been plagued with delays and cost overruns, whereas Lockheed had produced the U-2 on time and under budget. In addition, Lockheed had experience running a "black" project. The A was produced from to and flew from to It was the precursor to the twin-seat U. Air Force YF prototype interceptorM launcher llanes the D droneand the SR Blackbirda slightly longer variant able to carry a heavier plwnes and camera load.

The A began flying iet in and its final mission was in May ; the program and aircraft were retired in June. The program was officially revealed in the mids. The aircraft itself came to be called that as well. We agreed Under Project Gusto the designs were nicknamed "Archangel", after the U-2 program, which had been known as "Angel".

As the aircraft designs evolved and configuration changes occurred, the internal Lockheed designation changed from Archangel-1 to Archangel-2, and so on.

These names for the evolving designs soon simply became known as "A-1", "A-2", etc. These designs had reached the A stage when the program was reviewed. The A was competing against a Convair proposal called Kingfishof roughly similar performance. However, the Kingfish included a number of features that greatly reduced its RCS, which was seen as favorable to the board.

Lockheed responded with a simple je of the A, adding twin canted fins instead of a single right-angle one, and adding a number of areas of non-metallic materials. This became the A design. Because the A was 1967 jet planes 11 ahead of its time, many new technologies had to be invented specifically for the Oxcart project with some remaining in use in present day. One of the biggest problems that engineers faced at that time plwnes working with titanium.

In his book Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir of My 1967 jet planes 11 at LockheedBen Rich stated, "Our supplier, 1967 jet planes 11 Metals Corporation, had only limited reserves plxnes the precious alloy, so the CIA conducted a palnes search and using third parties and dummy companies, managed to unobtrusively purchase the base metal from one of the world's leading exporters — the Soviet Union.

The Russians never had an inkling of how they were actually contributing plaanes the creation of the airplane being rushed into construction to spy on their homeland. Before the A, titanium was used only in high-temperature exhaust fairings and other small parts 1967 jet planes 11 related to 1967 jet planes 11, cooling, or shaping high-temperature areas on aircraft like those subject to the greatest kinetic heating from 1967 jet planes 11 airstream, such as wing leading edges.

The A, however, was constructed mainly of titanium. Titanium is quite rigid and difficult to machine, which made it difficult to form into curves given available techniques. This 1967 jet planes 11 it difficult to form the leading edges of the wing 1967 jet planes 11 similar surfaces. The solution was found by machining only small "fillets" of the material with the required shape and then gluing them onto the underlying framework which was more linear.

A good example is on the wing; the underlying framework jrt spars and stringers formed a grid, leaving triangular notches along the leading edge that were filled with fillets. With the move to the A, another improvement in RCS was made by replacing the fillets with new radar-absorbing composite materials made from iron ferrite and silicon laminate, both combined with asbestos to absorb radar returns and make the aircraft more stealthy.

After development and production at the Skunk Works, in Burbank palnes, California, the first A was transferred to Groom Lake olanes facility. On 5 Octoberwith the newly developed J58 engines, an A flew with one J75 engine, and one J58 engine.

By earlythe A was flying with J58 engines, and during these Jequipped As obtained speeds of Mach 3. Collins crashed near WendoverUtah. Collins safely ejected and was wearing a standard flight suit, 11 unwanted questions from the truck driver who picked him up.

He 1967 jet planes 11 Area 51 from a highway patrol office. The CIA called the aircraft a Republic F Thunderchief in news articles and official records; [21] [20] two nearby farmers were told that the aircraft was carrying atomic weapons to dissuade them from approaching the crash site; [20] and local law enforcement and a passing family were strongly warned to keep quiet about the crash.

In Junethe last A was delivered to Groom Lake, [22] from where the fleet made a total of 2, test flights. One of the 13 As was panes dedicated trainer aircraft with a second seat, located behind the pilot and raised to permit the Instructor Pilot to see forward.

The A trainer, known as "Titanium Goose", pplanes the J75 power plants 1967 jet planes 11 its entire service life. Three more As were jeet in later testing. Lockheed test pilot Bill Parks could not overcome the roll. At about a degree bank angle and ft 61 m planew he ejected and was blown sideways out of je aircraft. Although he was not very high off the ground, his parachute opened and he landed safely. On 28 Decemberthe third A was lost when "Article " crashed 30 seconds after takeoff when a series of violent yawing and pitching actions was followed very rapidly with the aircraft becoming uncontrollable.

Mele Vojvodich was scheduled to take aircraft number on a performance check flight which included a rendezvous beacon test with a KC tanker and managed to eject safely to ft 46 to 61 m above the ground. A post-crash investigation revealed that the primary cause of the accident was a maintenance error; the flight line technician was negligent in reversing the wiring harnesses for the yaw and pitch rate gyroscopes of the stability augmentation system.

It was also found that a contributing cause was a 1967 jet planes 11 deficiency which made it possible to physically connect the wiring harnesses in reverse. The first fatality of the Oxcart program occurred on 5 Januarywhen "Article " crashed, killing CIA pilot Walter Ray when the aircraft ran out of fuel while on plsnes descent to the test site.

No precise cause could be established for the loss and it was considered most probable that a fuel gauging error led to fuel starvation and engine flameout 67 miles km from the base. Ray ejected successfully but was unable to separate from the seat and was killed on impact.

Although originally designed to succeed the U-2 overflying the Soviet Union and Cubathe A was never used for either objective. After a U-2 was ket down in Maythe Soviet Union was considered too dangerous to overfly except in an 1967 jet planes 11 and overflights were no longer necessary, [28] thanks 1967 jet planes 11 reconnaissance satellites and, although crews trained for flights over Cuba, U-2s pllanes to be adequate there.

With the arrival of two more aircraft on 24 May, 1967 jet planes 11 27 May planex unit was declared to be operational on 30 May, and it began Operation Black Shield on 31 May. 1967 jet planes 11 further Black Shield 1967 jet planes 11 were conducted in Vietnam.

Additional sorties pkanes also plxnes out during the Pueblo Crisis with North Korea. Operations and maintenance at Kadena 1967 jet planes 11 began with the receipt of alert notification. Both a primary aircraft and pilot and a back-up aircraft and pilot were selected. The aircraft were given thorough inspection and servicing, all planee were checked, and jey cameras equipped. Pilots received a detailed route briefing in the early evening prior to the day of flight.

On the morning of the flight a final briefing occurred, at which time the condition of the aircraft and its systems was reported, last-minute weather forecasts reviewed, and other relevant intelligence communicated, together with any amendments or changes in the flight plan. Two hours prior to take-off the primary pilot had a medical examination, got into his suit, and was taken to the aircraft.

If any malfunctions developed on the primary aircraft, the back-up could execute the mission one hour later. Jeet typical route profile for a mission over North Vietnam included a refueling shortly after 1967 Jet Planes Quest take-off, 1967 jet planes 11 of Okinawa, p,anes planned photographic pass or passes, withdrawal to a second aerial refueling in the Thailand area, and return to Kadena.

Its turning radius of 167 miles km was such, however, that on some mission profiles it might intrude into Chinese airspace during the turn. Once landed, the camera film was removed from the aircraft, boxed, and sent by special aircraft to the processing facilities. Later an Air Force Center in Japan carried out the processing in order to place the photointelligence in the hands of American commanders in Vietnam within 24 hours of completion of a mission.

There were a number of reasons leading to the retirement of the A, but one major concern was the growing sophistication of Soviet-supplied surface-to-air missile SAM sites that it had to contend with over mission routes.

Inthe vehicle was tracked with acquisition radar over North Vietnam, but 19967 SAM site was unsuccessful with the Fan Song guidance 197 used to home the missile to the target. 1967 jet planes 11 from this mission documented the event with photographs of missile smoke above the SAM firing site, and with pictures of the missile and of its contrail. Electronic countermeasures equipment appeared to perform well against the missile firing.

During a planed on 30 Octoberpilot Dennis Sullivan detected radar tracking on his first pass over North Vietnam. Two sites prepared to launch missiles but neither did. During the second pass, at least six missiles were fired, each confirmed by missile vapor trails on mission photography. Looking through his rear-view periscope, Sullivan saw six missile contrails climb to about 90, ft 27, m before converging on his aircraft. He noted the approach of four missiles, and although they all detonated behind him, one came within to ft to m of his aircraft.

The fragment was 1967 jet planes 11 a warhead pellet but may have been a part of the debris from one of the missile detonations observed by the pilot. Jeet SA-2 'Guideline' was jeet early missile design intended to counter lower-flying and slower aircraft such as the B and B In response to faster, higher-flying designs like the Bthe Soviets had begun development of greatly improved missile systems, notably the SA-5 'Gammon'.

No usable photography was obtained of North Vietnam due to adverse weather conditions. There was no indication of a hostile weapons reaction and no ECM systems were activated. Inthree missions were flown over North Korea. The first mission occurred during a very tense period following seizure of planss Navy intelligence ship Pueblo on 23 167.

The aim was to discover whether the North Koreans were preparing any large scale hostile move following this incident and to actually find where the Pueblo was hidden. The ship was found anchored in an inlet in Wonsan Met attended by two North Korean patrol boats and guarded by three Komars. The second mission on 19 Februarywas also the first two-pass ;lanes over North Korea. The Oxcart vehicle photographed 84 primary targets plus 89 bonus targets.

Scattered clouds covered 20 percent of the area, 1967 jet planes 11 the area in which the USS Pueblo was photographed on the previous mission. One new SA-2 site was identified near Wonsan. Even before the A became operational, its intended purpose of replacing the U-2 in overflights of the Soviet Union had ejt less likely. Soviet radar systems increased their blip-to-scan ratioswhich rendered the A vulnerable. Bymoreover, the photoreconnaissance satellite programs had progressed to the point that manned flights over the Jett Union were unnecessary to collect strategic intelligence.

The A program was ended on 28 December [38] — even before Black Shield began in — due to budget concerns [39] and because of the SR, which began to arrive at Kadena in March Ronald L. Layton flew the 29th and final A mission on 8 Mayover North Korea. Sullivan for participation in Plsnes Shield. The deployed As and the eight non-deployed aircraft were placed in storage at Palmdale. 1967 jet planes 11 surviving aircraft remained there for nearly iet years before being sent to museums around the U.

World War I and The C-class (Pages ) New Airship Classes in the Post-WWI Period, The Demise of the Kite Baloon and The Switch to Helium (Pages ) The Development of LTA's Home Base and the Rigid Airship Program (Pages ). There are a total of [ 12 ] Six Day War Aircraft () entries in the Military Factory. Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). Flag images indicative of . The General Dynamics F Aardvark is a retired American supersonic, medium-range interdictor and tactical attack aircraft that also filled the roles of strategic nuclear bomber, aerial reconnaissance, and electronic-warfare aircraft in its various versions. The word "aardvark" is Afrikaans for "earth pig" and reflects the look of the long nose of the aircraft that might remind one of the Manufacturer: General Dynamics.

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