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How immediate type hypersensitivity can occur? Give an example. Describe their locations and specific functions. How does methylation of CpGisland affect gene expression?
How do the cot curves depict the evolutionary complexity in prokaryotes? How does it positively and negatively regulate the Ara operon? Explain the role of cAMP in this process? What are its advantages? Discuss the structure and functions of each. How do they get activated to form membrane attack complex by alternate pathway?
Explain the delayed type of hypersensitivity reactions alongwith the clinical manifestations of the same. If false then justify your answer. Benjamin Minge Duggar and Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and tetracycline? If false then give the correct answer. What do you understand by the term: aseptic conditions? Howcanone screen the presence of industrially important microorganisms?
Name two microbial strains used for the production of ethanol and acetic acid. How proteases are useful in detergent industry? Why penicillin is added in the formation process of glutamic acid? Name the microbial strains used for the production of streptomycin and tetracycline? Explain the biosynthesis of ethanol. Discuss its advantages and disadvantages in detail.
Explain the rheogram of a Newtonian fluid. Also give equations that describe the transfer of heat by these methods. Draw a well-illustrated diagram showing its components. State two laws of thermodynamics.
How is it different from standard free energy? Explain the following: a Phase transition. Also, explain their characteristics in brief. Derive the expression of Boltzmann energy equation. Justify using an example. How does this enzyme par ticipate in recombinant DNA technology?
State the application of each. What genetic determinants dictate the development of these life cycles? What is the significance of such libraries? How the chemical processes are different from the biochemicalprocesses?
Mention the names and explain in brief about the factors that affectthe growth of microbes in a bioreactor. What is fed -batch culture process? What is an ideal reactor? What is a batch sterilization? What is GMP? Packed bed reactor. Describe the calculation of the Del factorfor a fermentation process. What do you mean by salting out and how is it useful in concentrating proteins from cellextracts.
Why was the need of enzymes occurred in detergent industry? Name any two enzymes which have been obtained from plant and are used in commercialpurpose. What does sizing and desizing mean in textile industry? Name the enzyme used. How can immobilized enzymes be used in bioremediation? Name the enzyme used for clarification of packed juices. Also , name the organism from which itis obtained. How can enzymes be helpful in production of animal feed?
Write down the basic criteria for successful enzyme immobiliz ation. Enzymes have been classified on the basis of reactions they perform. With the help ofenzymatic reactions describe the enzyme classification. Explain with the help of diagram. With the help of diagram explain the working ofinstrument. State the advantages anddisadvantages of various 10 methods.
How temperature andpH effect the enzyme activity? Write in detail about the approaches to create novelenzymes? Write in detail about theproduction of glucose syrup from starch.
Write about the principle and applications of: a Potentiometric biosensor. What are the unique properties of bio-products? How does upstream processing affect the choice of downstream processing unitoperations? Explain its terms.
Supercritical fluid extraction. Discuss its various applications. Explain the construction and working of any one type of industrial crystallizer. Explain the causes of cancer in detail. Give examples for the type of microbes involved in theprocess. What are they referred to as commonly? What is their utility and explain the process of their production? Explain with appropriate examples.
Explain with examples. How can it be delayed? Justify the answer. Discuss about itssources, effect and management. How is nitrogen removed from waste water by advanced treatment? Why is it preferred over physical and chemical methods of environmental clean-up?
Explain the characteristic and features of oral route of drug delivery in detail. Explain any one in brief. Discuss diseases associated with X-chromosome. How pedigree analysis is helpful in identification of a genetic disease? If given a chance, how would you classify the biomaterials? Describe all the classes that you will include in your classification system.
What are the various interactions that occur at the implant surface inside the host? What are the major challenges being faced in their design and delivery?
Explain their applications as controlled drug delivery systems. Discuss the role of biominerals in device applications and drug deliveryin detail. How nanotechnology is helping in the process of drug delivery? Enumerate various materials being used in anti-cancer drug delivery in detail. Explain its importance in human life.
Where do HSCs come from? How are ES cells different from other stem cells and what are ES cells used for? Give any two examples. Why there is need of biosafety for sustainable environment development? Discuss any two NIH guidelines for biosafety. Explain some of the risks associated with genetic engineering. What conditions an innovation must fulfill in order to become eligible for a patent? What do you mean by biological containment? How disposal of un-chlorinated waste is done?
Discuss the benefits of globalization in biotechnology. Collaborative research. Explain anyone method used tovisualize the data in detail. Explain the different methods of pharmacophore identification in detail. Give an account of physiochemical properties of pharmacophore.
What do you mean by structural similarityand diversity? Discuss structure based virtual screening with suitable examples. How is this phenomenon important in plant tissue culture? Explain direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis. State its advantages. With the help of a diagram, describe its isolation and culture method in detail. With the help of a diagram show the process in detail.
How can this technique be used for large scale production of plant cell culture? With the help of an example explain, how can this technique be used for the production of genetically engineered plants? State the mechanism how BT cotton is helpful in killing of lepidopteron population. Write your views about the various food safety parameters which should be taken care of.
All questions carry equal marks. Explain the cleaner technology forremoval of specific pollutants of the dye industry. Enlist the advantages anddisadvantages of Bioremediation.
Comment and explain. Give a detailed account of hot-spots of Indian biodiversity. Explain the phenomenon of spermatogenesis. Mention the role of hormones inspermatogenesis. How do the stem cells age? Explain BMI 1 signaling pathway. What are stem cells markers?
Describe the embryonic stem cell markers. Give examples of two angiogenic factors. What is meant by bioscaffolds? What is Vasculogenesis? What is meant by native tissue? Mention the properties of native tissues in brief. Mention various mechanical signals in engineered tissues. Explain 3D cell growth. What are autologous cells? Explain the properties of different sources of cells for transplantin detail.
Explain in detail the efficacy and safety of engineered tissues in detail. Describe the methods for their production. Taking at least ONE question from each Unit. All questions carry equal marks Q. Which factors decide the degree of fluidity in membrane? How is it driven by the assembly of a protein a coat? What are G-protein linked receptors and how do they mediate cell communication?
Which is the best explained and accepted model of replication? How does it happen in Prokaryotes? Write the relationship between mean, median and mode. Explain a critical region and null hypothesis. Make a frequency polygon and frequency curve with the help of data provided: Class interval Ci Frequency 3 4 7 8 9 9 2 6 2 12 Q.
Using Poisson distribution, determine the approximate probability of getting six heads x times. Explain all the steps needed in order to test a hypothesis with the help of a suitable example. Theory predicts that the frequencies should be in the proportion Examine the correspondence between theory and experiment. How to get rid of proteins while extracting out the nucleic acids? What is it application in cDNA library preparation?
Which application requires the involvement of SDM? Explain its application in antibody enrichment in detail. List three important reasons of non-ideality in reactors.
Briefly explain the factors that affect choice of carbon source. What are the factors that affect mass transfer by convection?
What is Kla? Derive the energy balanceequation for steady state adiabatic process. How does it contribute to non-ideality in bioreactors?
Enlist important applications of air lift reactors. Diagrammatically explain the structure of different classes of antibodies and their function. Describe how the expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors has been implicated in diseases?
Discuss the disease caused by direct cellular damage and by blockage or stimulating auto antibodies. Discuss its significance and mention some tools use for MSA.
How prediction is made by using protein threading? Max Marks: 60 No. Write the properties of stone as a good construction material. Write along with sketch four defects in timber. Differentiate between burnt day pozzolana and pulverized fly ash. Explain use of fly ash as supplementary cementations material.
Explain any two of them in detail. Find the horizontal thrust. Find the value of a Maximum negative and positive shear for a section 4. Use conjugate beam method. Explain purpose of providing foundation. How DPC is effective in preventing dampness? Also discuss the effect of temperature on viscosity for condition of water and air.
The pressure inside a droplet of water is to be 0. Calculate the diameter of the droplet of water. Obtain an expression for continuity equation for a three-dimensional steady incompressible flow.
A differential manometer connected at the two points shows a difference in mercury level as 15cm. Find the difference of pressure at the two points. Explain with the help of neat sketches. The intensity of pressure at the bottom end is Derive an expression for the discharge through a venturimeter. Also, explain what is laminar sub-layer.
What are the different methods of preventing the separation of boundary layer? Name any four and obtain their expression. What is a discrepancy? Explain backbearing. Define shrunk scale. Find the true distance if the chain was correct before commencement of work. Find the length of AD.
The level was set up near A and staff readings on A and B were 1. The level was then moved and set up near B and the respective readings on A and B were 0. Find the true difference of level between A and B. Find the difference in elevation between P and instrument axis. Calculate i length of curve ii tangent length iii length of long chord.
What to you understand by grade of concrete? What are the pozzolans? Mention name of four special types of concrete. What is mean target compressive strength?
What is alkali-aggregate reaction? Mention any two ingredients which could be exceptional, with reason and its effect on strength. Explain any one of them. Explain any two of them. What are the factors affecting workability of concrete.
Explain method of measurement of slump value. What is true slump, shear slump and collapse slump? Brief its role in design of concrete mix. How does it affect concrete structure? Classify the aggregate on basis of particle size, shape and surface texture. Elaborate the test for initial and final setting of cement. Explain their use and effects on concrete.
Explain the mechanism with example. Workability of concrete as mm slump. Type of aggregate used for concreting is crushed angular. Expose condition to structure is severe method of concreting is pumping. Write the formula to calculate shear stress in a given section with usual notations.
Show the variation of shear stress in a T-section. Write down the equation for polar moment of inertia for a solid shaft and a hollow shaft. Find the change in volume, modulus of rigidity and bulk modulus of the material. Find the magnitudes of normal, tangential stresses and also find the principal planes. Determine the maximum shear stress and average shear stress.
The load is applied at a point 50,50 considering the centroid of the section as the origin. Find the stresses at the four corners of the section. How does temperature affects horizontal thrust in two hinged arch? What is normal thrust and write the expression involved in it. Young modulus is same throughout.
Two span continuous beam. Sketch the Bending Moment Diagram. Find the vertical and horizontal deflections of A. Assume flexural rigidity. If the point on the cord where the 10kN load is supported is 13 m below the level of end support.
Determine reaction at the support: i The tension in different parts of cord. Determine the fixing moments at the ends.
Angle of elevation from A to the top and bottom of pole is 30 0 and respectively. Angles of elevation from B to the top and bottom of pole is and respectively. The readings obtained on staff at B. What is the horizontal distance of pole from A? Compute the maximum value of R if the maximum probable error desired is: i 1 in 25, ii 1 in 10, Determine whether A and B are intervisible and if necessary, find the maximum minimum height of a scaffolding at B assuming A as the ground station.
The corresponding line measures 2. The terrain has an average elevation of m above MSL. Calculate 50, the flying altitude of the aircraft above MSL when photograph was taken. Assume M20 grade concrete and Fe grade steel. Estimate the torsional strength of the section adopting Fe grade steel and M20 grade concrete. Slab is resting on mm thick masonry wall. Consider M25 grade concrete and Fe grade steel. Use M30 grade concrete and Fe grade steel.
Assume M25 grade concrete and Fe grade steel. The main plate to be joined is 12mm thick. The steel is of grade Fe It carries a load of 40 kN at mid span. Design an appropriate section using steel of grade Fe The steel used for flange and web is of Fe yield stress of the steel may be assumed as MPa. What is shrinkage limit? Define maximum dry density and optimum moisture content.
List the factors influencing coefficient of permeability. Mention uses of flownets. What do you mean by coefficient of volume change? Also write relation between coefficient of volume change and coefficient of compressibility. Write tow disadvantages of triaxial test. Also discuss importance of soil classification. Find the coefficient of permeability.
Determine the vertical stress increment at points directly beneath the load upto a depth of 10 m. Plot the variation of vertical stress increment due to load on horizontal planes at 2m, 3m upto a horizontal distance of 3m on either side of centre.
Discuss suitability of compaction methods on different types of soils. Also calculate the settlement when W. T rises to the ground surface. According to Mohr-coulomb criterion,how is the failure plane recognized and how is shear strength defined? Add a note on its importance and objective in engineering. How is it measured? Explain different types of earthquake waves. Explain the important types of folds as distinguished on the basis of inclination of axial planewith the help of neat sketches.
Derive an expression for surface tension on a liquid droplet and a hollow bubble. If the plate is in the middle of the gap, find the force required. The weight of the plate is 42N. Determine the total pressure on one face of the plate position of the center of pressure. Determine the meta-centric height of the block if its size is 2 m x 1 m x 0. Obtain an expression for the continuity equation for a three — dimensional flow.
Also determine the value of stream function at the point P. Explain any four dimensionless numbers. How will you classify a pump? Explain the function of any one type of pump in detail. Draw a neat sketch of star and grid pattern. What is the need of providing transition curve? Define the term LOS with a diagram. Why widening of pavement is desired on horizontal curve? What is off-tracking? Mention the factors on which it depends.
Determine the average skid resistance developed. Total no. Also discuss how these obligatory points control the alignment. Enumerate the details to be collected in conventional method of preliminary survey. If the average acceleration is 0. Discuss the importance of the test.
Write down the difference between bitumen and tar. What are the various objects and applications of spot speed studies?
What are the methods followed for estimation of population forecasting? Give few examples of coagulant aids. Find: i Total quantity of alum used daily. Derive the relation between Duty and Delta.
Also, list the factors affecting duty of a crop. What are the requirements of a good module? Describe five major types of falls with diagrams. Describe and differentiate in detail with the help of diagrams. Also, describe the corrective measures suggested by Bligh. Describe the classification of dams withexamples of each. Describe it. Discuss them in detail. Discuss it in detail.
Find the factor of 32mm Tasmanian Oak Dowel safety against overturning and sliding considering following forces. All dimensions are in mm 12 b Expansion joint is very important for success of a bridge. Describe type of it briefly. M diagram for combined footing. Design the critical section of beam using M20, Fe Use limit state method. Drops shall be provided. Use M20 concrete and Fe steel. Column A is situated on property line. Assume M30 grade concrete and Fe grade steel.
Beam is pre-stressed with an eccentricity of mm. Find the pre-stressing force required for zero tension in concrete. The building is to be constructed at a height of 60 m above the base of the hill. The size of the structure is in the range from 20 m to 50 m. The terrain is an open terrain in which the surrounding features are of height less than 1. The height of the building is 15 m. Find the design wind pressure.
Assume that the life period of the building is 50 years. The bottom of tank is at 10 m above ground level. Using 1. Show the sketch of the tank. Write down maximum height of each type of lattice tower used in self-supporting towers. The building is to be provided at a height of 60 m above the base of the hill.
The size of the structure is in the range from 20 m. The terrain is an open terrain in which the surrounding features are of height less than m. Show the Sketch of the tank.
Almost flat. Also explain the procedure to calculate the exit gradient. What are its causes? Explain the manner of energy dissipation in sloping glacis falls. Explain how do you account for earthquake effects in the design of a gravity dam. List the different types of damages of road during and after rainy season.
Explain the term resisting length with diagram. Define various types of sleepers used on Indian railways. What are the possible causes of creep? What are the effects of creep? Enumerate the disadvantages of air transport. Explain the various types of tunnels in brief. What are the uses and limitation of this type of road? Design the cross section and longitudinal slope of trapezoidal drain assuming the bottom width of the trapezoidal section to be 0.
The allowable velocity of flow in the drain is 0. The airport site is at elevation of m. The reference temperature is If the runway is constructed with an effective gradient of 0. Also explain the advantages and disadvantages of tunnels. Give example. Explain outline of solid waste managementsystem with diagram.
Find the design discharge for acombined sewage. Make suitable assumption where needed. Assuming no oxidation takes place. Design the grit chamber. Calculate their income over next 5 years. Assume any data suitably. Discuss with examples. Cite examples to support your points. Their time estimates are given below. Draw time scale network: a Mark critical path. Also draw the table for quantity of materials required to manufacture concrete.
What is the total expenditure expected. Assume rates of other material required suitable and mention the same. Discuss the challenges and suggest ways to meet them. Give examples. How will you ensure timely completion of a project? Draw a check-list for concreting work in a building project. Support your answer with examples. Explain giving example. Explain the difference. Explain giving an example.
Give reasons. Ajayinvests Rs. Their income over the next 4 yearsis as shown in the attached sheet: i Compute all the shaded cells in the Table. Support your answer with logic. Each tower has an area of 20, sft and the construction cost is estimated Rs.
Because of a recession in market, contract is awarded only for 2 towers. The contract value is Rs. Compute the qty and prepare the RA bill. The material rates and their consumption norms for each item of works are also given. Fill all shaded cells. What is the total cost of all Items of work? What is theirEnd Date? Where is it used? Why is it important? Explain giving two examples of each. Which are the Drivers of Real Estate Sector? Who are the Stakeholders?
What are the Key Challenges? Are Dangling Nodes allowed inProjects? Explain, with a sketch. Explain giving Example.
What is their importance in Project Management? Select anyone process and develop a checklist for the same. Explain, giving reasons. List down at least 4 stages when the architect should visit the site, explaining theimportance of each visit. Illustrate at least 3 of its contents. The formation width of proposed road is 10 m.
Side slope is H: V and longitudinal slope of road is downward throughout the length. Estimate is to be prepared for earth work only.
Describe any two types of estimates in detail. Assume rates of different parameters required. Write down the precautions to be taken while filling up the measurement book. Explain the process of refund of EMD? What do you understand by the selection panel and responsibility of selection panel? Explain any two in detail. What are the factors for starting arbitration proceedings? What do you mean by interception losses?
What is hydrograph? List out the various forms of precipitation. Name any three factors that affect evaporation losses in a reservoir.
Describe any two non-recording type rain gauges with help of a neat sketch. Explain the method of measuring evapotranspiration. Estimate the average daily evaporation from the lake and the volume of water evaporated from the lake during that one week.
The surface runoff resulting from the above storm is equivalent to What are the various factors that affect runoff? Explain in details. How the unit hydrograph is derived from a simple flood hydrograph of isolated storm? Describe with the help of a diagram. The penetration in the last blow is 5 mm.
Determine the load carrying capacity of pile according to engineering new formula. Assume factor of safety 3. Use Terzaghi analysis. Describe its types. The building is located in Delhi. The type of soil encountered is hard soil and is proposed to design with special moment resisting frame.
The intensity of D. Determine the design seismic load on structure by static analysis. Also shown design seismic forces at different floor level. What are the types of parking? What is the difference between practical capacity and theoretical capacity? List out two signs from each i warning sign ii Informatory sign iii Mandatory sign. What do you understand by arboriculture? What is motor vehicle act?
Also mention the relation between capacity, density and velocity. What is collision and condition diagram? Indicate the significance of each. How will represent the data for analysis? From the same graph how will you determine the level of service of any road? Mention all the types of LOS. Give an expression for capacity using space and time headway.
Assume that all the vehicles are of average length of 6 m. The heaviest volume per hour for each lane of road A and B are and respectively. The approach speeds are 55 and 40 kmph for road A and B respectively. Design the timing of traffic and pedestrian signal using IRC method and also apply webstors check. How important it is to regulate the speed of vehicles and why?
Draw network for explaining your points? Explain the mathematical expression with example. What are its different phases? Activity To Tm Tp 1. Draw a neat sketch and mark the process of the plant. Draw a sketch of batching plant. At the center-of-span section of beam, find the magnitude of: a Concentric pre-stressing force necessary for zero fibre stress at the soffit when beam is fully loaded.
The effective span of beam is 6m. The beam is concentrically pre-stressed by a cable carring a force of kN. Locate the position of pressure line in beam. Find maximum stress in concrete immediately after transfer, allowing only for elastic shortening of concrete. Total residual 20 Q. The slab is spanning over The cables are spaced at mm intervals in the transverse direction. Estimate the instantaneous deflection of the slab at the center of span under pre-stress and imposed load.
Determine suitable dimension of beam of calculate the area of tendons and their position. The building is located in Bangalore. The type of soil encountered is medium soil and is proposed to design with ordinary RCC moment resisting frame.
Also show design seismic forces at different floor levels. The column has unsupported length of 4. Use M25 grade of concrete and Fe Workability required is 50 mm slump. Type of aggregate used is crushed angular, super plasticizer is used.
Specific gravity of cement is 3. Assume other data suitably. How can one relate strength with durability?
Polymer concrete and its application. Fibre-reinforced concrete. Structural light weight concrete. Find the emission rate of SO2 form the plant. Calculate the air quality index and state the level of air pollution.
It is proposed that each car will ferry 4 passengers after implementation of program. The coal has sulphur content of 5. Determine the ground level concentration at a distance of 2 km downwind at i The centre line of the plume ii At a cross wind distance of 0.
Discuss various causes and prevention measures of same. CHF2CL iii. CH3CF3 iv. Write down advantage and disadvantage of compaction grouting. Using the chemical composition obtained, determine the energy content of the solid waste. Take kg sample of solid waste. Food wastes 15 4. If the vertical tail is to be positioned at a point on the aft end of the fuselage giving a tail length of 4.
Assume that the vertical tail would have an effective aspect ratio of 2, the wing area is 18m2, wing span is Explain why for a given value of CL the elevator deflection required in pull-up is more than that in a steady level flight.
Calculate, for CL between 0 and 1. Repeat the calculations when chord wise force component is neglected. What is Hadley cell? Derive the expression for power contained in wind. State Betz limit.
Draw power vswind speed showing cut in wind speed and rated power. What are ducted systems? What do you mean by interconnected systems? How is noise intensity measured? What is energy payback time? Draw capital cost per rated kilowatt vs rated output for installed system and wind machines only.
State the requirement for low solidity and high solidity wind machines. Explain the concept behind rotation of blades in particular direction in the presence of wind. What is it called? Derive an expression for maximum extractable power. Define solidity and its effects. Explain the vortex ring state. Explain the concept of autorotation. What is the advantage of ground effect?
Refer the diagram shown as shown below. Also comment on the stability characteristics. Write the different forms ofcontinuity equation. Derivea 3D momentum equation for a viscous flow in conservation form. Derive the set of algebraic equations in terms of steady-state temperature for five different nodes of the problem domain.
Write the set of equations in matrix form. Discuss the transport equations for standard k-e model of turbulence. Explain the reason for the same. Draw the diaphragm clutch in disengaged position.
Compare the same in details with the disc brakes. Explain with the help of a suitable sketch the construction of disc type wheel. Explain the phenomena of knock in SI engine. How does it differ from lubricating oil? Explain each of them briefly. Write causes for such defects with suitable remedies. Enlist the various ways by which interference can be suppressed.
Discuss throttle position sensor in detail. Explain with the help of a neat sketch the construction details of spark plug. Determine the value of minimum ultimate strength according to i Goodman criteria and ii Soderberg criteria. The supported length of the shaft is 3 meters. It carries tow pulleys each weighing N supported at a distance of 1m from the ends respectively.
Assuming the safe value of stress, determine the diameter of the shaft. The speed of the journal is r. The bearing is lubricated with oil whose absolute viscosity ate the operating temperature of 75oC may be taken as 0. The room temperature is 35oC. Find: 1. The amount of artificial cooling required, and 2. The mass of the lubricating oil required, If the difference between the outlet and inlet temperature of the oil is 10 oC.
The module is 6 mm, while the face with is 60 mm. They are heat treated to a surface hardness of BHN. Assume that velocity factor account for the dynamic load. Take a factor of safety of 6 for the design. Take length to diameter ratio for big end bearing as 1. The rod is to be of I-section for which you can choose your own proportions. Design the I-section shank, big end bearing, piston pin and small end bearing of the connecting rod of an I.
Define and explain. What is extended warranty? When it is provided? List down various types of spanners. What is the function of a wheel balancer?
What is cylinder honing? Enlist various components of a petrol injection system. Why clutch free play is necessary? What is the function of a differential? What is bleeding of brake? Define the term:overstear and understear.
Explain each of them in detail. Explain the procedure of spark plug testing and cleaning. Explain the various types of jacks used in automobile industry. Explain compression test in detail.
Explain each of them with a suitable reason. What are the different types of clutch used in automobiles? How Knock emissions are caused? What is engine knocking? Enlist disadvantages of H. How components of H. What do you understand by C. What is the function of Catalic converter? What is the purpose of ChasisDynamomerter?
Explain in detail. Also, show prescribed limits of pollutants as per norms. Under which conditions a license can be granted, disqualified and revoked as per MV Act? What is the procedure for grant of a permit? Explain different types of permits in detail. Comment on some extraneous variables that might affect the difference between the actual outside temperature and the indicated temperature from the thermometer. Draw the neat sketch to show the above effects.
An electro — mechanical transducer is used to measure the motion of the fluid. If the diameter of the float chamber is 40mm, find the required diameter foe the right hand chamber. Assume that the other end of the manometer is open to the atmosphere. Which one has the most linear characteristics? Enlist various types of hand tools.
Write operating variables affecting emission of CI engines. Give two examples for each: saloon and convertible cars. Differentiate between sedan and hard top.
Write two practical objectives of vehicle aerodynamics. What is the significance of flow visualization techniques?
What are the different driving forces against vehicle motion? What are the properties required for material of automobile bodies? What are the different coats of paint needed to paint an automobile body?
For a single cylinder engine what changes in performance will be observed if we use liquid cooling system instead of air cooling system? How gear ratios can be obtained from them? How EGR affects the emission of a diesel engine? What are reformers? Define the term: Homogenous charge compression ignition. List the benefits of brake by wire technology.
How are ultra-capacitors beneficial for electric automobiles? What is fuel cell? What are the advantages of X- by wire technology's over conventional system? List various types of actuators used in automobile. What is regenerative braking system? Explain with constructional and functional details. How it is useful for present vehicles? Derive that equation. With the help of an example showconjugated acid and base pairs.
Why was there a need to study this discipline? What are various mode of catalysis employed by enzymes? Write in details about the catalysis action of Oak Dowel 32mm 7mm serine proteases. To overcome this, enzymes were divided into different classes on the basis of reaction they perform. With the help of examples briefly explain them. Write in detailabout types of RNA. Discuss origin and types of polyploidy. Explain gene mapping by two point test cross.
How are they synthesized in the cell? Describe the different pathways of intracellular cell signal transduction with the help of flow charts and diagrams. Describe the characteristics of the four classes into which bacteria has been placed. Why absolute alcohol does not readily decolorize Gram positive bacteria?
Describe the different techniques used to obtain a pure culture. Calculate the mean generation time. How transforming principle was discovered? Name any two uncouplers and inhibitors. Give functions of nucleotides. How is calibration carried out?
Draw a well labelled diagram. Draw a diagram below to demonstrate sequence of bands after agarose gel electrophoresis. Convert C into Kelvin units. Explain the role of an indicator in titrations.
Explain briefly. Calculate the percentage of other bases present in the DNA. Calculate the frequency, wave number in cm-1 and wavelength in decimeters. Also, if heat is transferred to the system from surroundings will the value be greater or lesser than zero?
How does methyl orange and methyl violet behave with change in pH? Discuss in detail. How much sodium chloride would be formed by the reaction at STP? Derive the equation. Write briefly. How can one estimate the amount of protein present in a sample? Discuss briefly.
Calculate the ratio of glucose and mannose present in the polysaccharide. The absorbance of the chloroform solution was 0. Explain the classic complement system. Explain the production and selection of monoclonal antibodies? Discuss the application of hybridoma technology also. How immediate type hypersensitivity can occur?
Give an example. Describe their locations and specific functions. How does methylation of CpGisland affect gene expression? How do the cot curves depict the evolutionary complexity in prokaryotes? How does it positively and negatively regulate the Ara operon? Explain the role of cAMP in this process? What are its advantages? Discuss the structure and functions of each.
How do they get activated to form membrane attack complex by alternate pathway? Explain the delayed type of hypersensitivity reactions alongwith the clinical manifestations of the same. If false then justify your answer.
Benjamin Minge Duggar and Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and tetracycline? If false then give the correct answer. What do you understand by the term: aseptic conditions? Howcanone screen the presence of industrially important microorganisms? Name two microbial strains used for the production of ethanol and acetic acid. How proteases are useful in detergent industry? Why penicillin is added in the formation process of glutamic acid?
Name the microbial strains used for the production of streptomycin and tetracycline? Explain the biosynthesis of ethanol. Discuss its advantages and disadvantages in detail. Explain the rheogram of a Newtonian fluid.
Also give equations that describe the transfer of heat by these methods. Draw a well-illustrated diagram showing its components. State two laws of thermodynamics. How is it different from standard free energy? Explain the following: a Phase transition. Also, explain their characteristics in brief.
Derive the expression of Boltzmann energy equation. Justify using an example. How does this enzyme par ticipate in recombinant DNA technology? State the application of each.
What genetic determinants dictate the development of these life cycles? What is the significance of such libraries? How the chemical processes are different from the biochemicalprocesses?
Mention the names and explain in brief about the factors that affectthe growth of microbes in a bioreactor. What is fed -batch culture process? What is an ideal reactor? What is a batch sterilization? What is GMP? Packed bed reactor. Describe the calculation of the Del factorfor a fermentation process. What do you mean by salting out and how is it useful in concentrating proteins from cellextracts.
Why was the need of enzymes occurred in detergent industry? Name any two enzymes which have been obtained from plant and are used in commercialpurpose. What does sizing and desizing mean in textile industry? Name the enzyme used. How can immobilized enzymes be used in bioremediation? Name the enzyme used for clarification of packed juices.
Also , name the organism from which itis obtained. How can enzymes be helpful in production of animal feed? Write down the basic criteria for successful enzyme immobiliz ation. Enzymes have been classified on the basis of reactions they perform. With the help ofenzymatic reactions describe the enzyme classification. Explain with the help of diagram. With the help of diagram explain the working ofinstrument.
State the advantages anddisadvantages of various 10 methods. How temperature andpH effect the enzyme activity? Write in detail about the approaches to create novelenzymes? Write in detail about theproduction of glucose syrup from starch.
Write about the principle and applications of: a Potentiometric biosensor. What are the unique properties of bio-products? How does upstream processing affect the choice of downstream processing unitoperations? Explain its terms. Supercritical fluid extraction. Discuss its various applications. Explain the construction and working of any one type of industrial crystallizer.
Explain the causes of cancer in detail. Give examples for the type of microbes involved in theprocess. What are they referred to as commonly? What is their utility and explain the process of their production? Explain with appropriate examples. Explain with examples.
How can it be delayed? Justify the answer. Discuss about itssources, effect and management. How is nitrogen removed from waste water by advanced treatment? Why is it preferred over physical and chemical methods of environmental clean-up? Explain the characteristic and features of oral route of drug delivery in detail.
Explain any one in brief. Discuss diseases associated with X-chromosome. How pedigree analysis is helpful in identification of a genetic disease? If given a chance, how would you classify the biomaterials? Describe all the classes that you will include in your classification system. What are the various interactions that occur at the implant surface inside the host?
What are the major challenges being faced in their design and delivery? Explain their applications as controlled drug delivery systems. Discuss the role of biominerals in device applications and drug deliveryin detail. How nanotechnology is helping in the process of drug delivery? Enumerate various materials being used in anti-cancer drug delivery in detail.
Explain its importance in human life. Where do HSCs come from? How are ES cells different from other stem cells and what are ES cells used for? Give any two examples. Why there is need of biosafety for sustainable environment development? Discuss any two NIH guidelines for biosafety. Explain some of the risks associated with genetic engineering. What conditions an innovation must fulfill in order to become eligible for a patent?
What do you mean by biological containment? How disposal of un-chlorinated waste is done? Discuss the benefits of globalization in biotechnology. Collaborative research. Explain anyone method used tovisualize the data in detail.
Explain the different methods of pharmacophore identification in detail. Give an account of physiochemical properties of pharmacophore. What do you mean by structural similarityand diversity? Discuss structure based virtual screening with suitable examples. How is this phenomenon important in plant tissue culture?
Explain direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis. State its advantages. With the help of a diagram, describe its isolation and culture method in detail. With the help of a diagram show the process in detail. How can this technique be used for large scale production of plant cell culture? With the help of an example explain, how can this technique be used for the production of genetically engineered plants?
State the mechanism how BT cotton is helpful in killing of lepidopteron population. Write your views about the various food safety parameters which should be taken care of. All questions carry equal marks. Explain the cleaner technology forremoval of specific pollutants of the dye industry. Enlist the advantages anddisadvantages of Bioremediation. Comment and explain. Give a detailed account of hot-spots of Indian biodiversity. Explain the phenomenon of spermatogenesis.
Mention the role of hormones inspermatogenesis. How do the stem cells age? Explain BMI 1 signaling pathway. What are stem cells markers? Describe the embryonic stem cell markers. Give examples of two angiogenic factors. What is meant by bioscaffolds? What is Vasculogenesis? What is meant by native tissue? Mention the properties of native tissues in brief.
Mention various mechanical signals in engineered tissues. Explain 3D cell growth. What are autologous cells? Explain the properties of different sources of cells for transplantin detail.
Explain in detail the efficacy and safety of engineered tissues in detail. Describe the methods for their production. Taking at least ONE question from each Unit. All questions carry equal marks Q. Which factors decide the degree of fluidity in membrane? How is it driven by the assembly of a protein a coat? What are G-protein linked receptors and how do they mediate cell communication? Which is the best explained and accepted model of replication?
How does it happen in Prokaryotes? Write the relationship between mean, median and mode. Explain a critical region and null hypothesis.
Make a frequency polygon and frequency curve with the help of data provided: Class interval Ci Frequency 3 4 7 8 9 9 2 6 2 12 Q. Using Poisson distribution, determine the approximate probability of getting six heads x times. Explain all the steps needed in order to test a hypothesis with the help of a suitable example. Theory predicts that the frequencies should be in the proportion Examine the correspondence between theory and experiment.
How to get rid of proteins while extracting out the nucleic acids? What is it application in cDNA library preparation? Which application requires the involvement of SDM? Explain its application in antibody enrichment in detail. List three important reasons of non-ideality in reactors. Briefly explain the factors that affect choice of carbon source. What are the factors that affect mass transfer by convection?
What is Kla? Derive the energy balanceequation for steady state adiabatic process. How does it contribute to non-ideality in bioreactors? Enlist important applications of air lift reactors.
Diagrammatically explain the structure of different classes of antibodies and their function. Describe how the expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors has been implicated in diseases? Discuss the disease caused by direct cellular damage and by blockage or stimulating auto antibodies. Discuss its significance and mention some tools use for MSA.
How prediction is made by using protein threading? Max Marks: 60 No. Write the properties of stone as a good construction material.
Write along with sketch four defects in timber. Differentiate between burnt day pozzolana and pulverized fly ash. Explain use of fly ash as supplementary cementations material. Explain any two of them in detail. Find the horizontal thrust. Find the value of a Maximum negative and positive shear for a section 4.
Use conjugate beam method. Explain purpose of providing foundation. How DPC is effective in preventing dampness? Also discuss the effect of temperature on viscosity for condition of water and air. The pressure inside a droplet of water is to be 0.
Calculate the diameter of the droplet of water. Obtain an expression for continuity equation for a three-dimensional steady incompressible flow. A differential manometer connected at the two points shows a difference in mercury level as 15cm. Find the difference of pressure at the two points. Explain with the help of neat sketches. The intensity of pressure at the bottom end is Derive an expression for the discharge through a venturimeter.
Also, explain what is laminar sub-layer. What are the different methods of preventing the separation of boundary layer?
Name any four and obtain their expression. What is a discrepancy? Explain backbearing. Define shrunk scale. Find the true distance if the chain was correct before commencement of work. Find the length of AD. The level was set up near A and staff readings on A and B were 1. The level was then moved and set up near B and the respective readings on A and B were 0. Find the true difference of level between A and B.
Find the difference in elevation between P and instrument axis. Calculate i length of curve ii tangent length iii length of long chord. What to you understand by grade of concrete? What are the pozzolans? Mention name of four special types of concrete. What is mean target compressive strength?
What is alkali-aggregate reaction? Mention any two ingredients which could be exceptional, with reason and its effect on strength. Explain any one of them. Explain any two of them. What are the factors affecting workability of concrete. Explain method of measurement of slump value. What is true slump, shear slump and collapse slump? Brief its role in design of concrete mix. How does it affect concrete structure?
Classify the aggregate on basis of particle size, shape and surface texture. Elaborate the test for initial and final setting of cement. Explain their use and effects on concrete. Explain the mechanism with example. Workability of concrete as mm slump. Type of aggregate used for concreting is crushed angular. Expose condition to structure is severe method of concreting is pumping.
Write the formula to calculate shear stress in a given section with usual notations. Show the variation of shear stress in a T-section. Write down the equation for polar moment of inertia for a solid shaft and a hollow shaft. Find the change in volume, modulus of rigidity and bulk modulus of the material. Find the magnitudes of normal, tangential stresses and also find the principal planes.
Determine the maximum shear stress and average shear stress. The load is applied at a point 50,50 considering the centroid of the section as the origin.
Find the stresses at the four corners of the section. How does temperature affects horizontal thrust in two hinged arch? What is normal thrust and write the expression involved in it. Young modulus is same throughout. Two span continuous beam.
Sketch the Bending Moment Diagram. Find the vertical and horizontal deflections of A. Assume flexural rigidity. If the point on the cord where the 10kN load is supported is 13 m below the level of end support.
Determine reaction at the support: i The tension in different parts of cord. Determine the fixing moments at the ends.
Angle of elevation from A to the top and bottom of pole is 30 0 and respectively. Angles of elevation from B to the top and bottom of pole is and respectively. The readings obtained on staff at B. What is the horizontal distance of pole from A?
Compute the maximum value of R if the maximum probable error desired is: i 1 in 25, ii 1 in 10, Determine whether A and B are intervisible and if necessary, find the maximum minimum height of a scaffolding at B assuming A as the ground station. The corresponding line measures 2. The terrain has an average elevation of m above MSL.
Calculate 50, the flying altitude of the aircraft above MSL when photograph was taken. Assume M20 grade concrete and Fe grade steel. Estimate the torsional strength of the section adopting Fe grade steel and M20 grade concrete.
Slab is resting on mm thick masonry wall. Consider M25 grade concrete and Fe grade steel. Use M30 grade concrete and Fe grade steel. Assume M25 grade concrete and Fe grade steel.
The main plate to be joined is 12mm thick. The steel is of grade Fe It carries a load of 40 kN at mid span. Design an appropriate section using steel of grade Fe The steel used for flange and web is of Fe yield stress of the steel may be assumed as MPa.
What is shrinkage limit? Define maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. List the factors influencing coefficient of permeability. Mention uses of flownets.
What do you mean by coefficient of volume change? Also write relation between coefficient of volume change and coefficient of compressibility. Write tow disadvantages of triaxial test. Also discuss importance of soil classification. Find the coefficient of permeability. Determine the vertical stress increment at points directly beneath the load upto a depth of 10 m. Plot the variation of vertical stress increment due to load on horizontal planes at 2m, 3m upto a horizontal distance of 3m on either side of centre.
Discuss suitability of compaction methods on different types of soils. Also calculate the settlement when W. T rises to the ground surface. According to Mohr-coulomb criterion,how is the failure plane recognized and how is shear strength defined? Add a note on its importance and objective in engineering.
How is it measured? Explain different types of earthquake waves. Explain the important types of folds as distinguished on the basis of inclination of axial planewith the help of neat sketches. Derive an expression for surface tension on a liquid droplet and a hollow bubble. If the plate is in the middle of the gap, find the force required. The weight of the plate is 42N. Determine the total pressure on one face of the plate position of the center of pressure.
Determine the meta-centric height of the block if its size is 2 m x 1 m x 0. Obtain an expression for the continuity equation for a three — dimensional flow. Also determine the value of stream function at the point P. Explain any four dimensionless numbers. How will you classify a pump? Explain the function of any one type of pump in detail. Draw a neat sketch of star and grid pattern. What is the need of providing transition curve?
Define the term LOS with a diagram. Why widening of pavement is desired on horizontal curve? What is off-tracking? Mention the factors on which it depends. Determine the average skid resistance developed. Total no. Also discuss how these obligatory points control the alignment. Enumerate the details to be collected in conventional method of preliminary survey.
If the average acceleration is 0. Discuss the importance of the test. Write down the difference between bitumen and tar. What are the various objects and applications of spot speed studies? What are the methods followed for estimation of population forecasting? Give few examples of coagulant aids. Find: i Total quantity of alum used daily.
Derive the relation between Duty and Delta. Also, list the factors affecting duty of a crop. What are the requirements of a good module?
Describe five major types of falls with diagrams. Describe and differentiate in detail with the help of diagrams. Also, describe the corrective measures suggested by Bligh.
Describe the classification of dams withexamples of each. Describe it. Discuss them in detail. Discuss it in detail. Find the factor of safety against overturning and sliding considering following forces. All dimensions are in mm 12 b Expansion joint is very important for success of a bridge. Describe type of it briefly. M diagram for combined footing. Design the critical section of beam using M20, Fe Use limit state method.
Drops shall be provided. Use M20 concrete and Fe steel. Column A is situated on property line. Assume M30 grade concrete and Fe grade steel. Beam is pre-stressed with an eccentricity of mm.
Find the pre-stressing force required for zero tension in concrete. The building is to be constructed at a height of 60 m above the base of the hill. The size of the structure is in the range from 20 m to 50 m. The terrain is an open terrain in which the surrounding features are of height less than 1. The height of the building is 15 m. Find the design wind pressure. Assume that the life period of the building is 50 years.
The bottom of tank is at 10 m above ground level. Using 1. Show the sketch of the tank. Write down maximum height of each type of lattice tower used in self-supporting towers. The building is to be provided at a height of 60 m above the base of the hill.
The size of the structure is in the range from 20 m. The terrain is an open terrain in which the surrounding features are of height less than m.
Show the Sketch of the tank. Almost flat. Also explain the procedure to calculate the exit gradient. What are its causes? Explain the manner of energy dissipation in sloping glacis falls.
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LoveofmyLife
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