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jet-plane-explanation-80 Aircraft from to

The eternal dream of humankind — people flying like birds — by jdt XXI century was replaced by a more advanced slogan — aircraft flying like rockets! InE. Shchetinkov put forward and substantiated the idea of creating an air-breathing engine with fuel burning in a supersonic flow in the combustion chamber scramjet. Almost simultaneously investigation combustion in supersonic flows began in the USA.

Inthe scramjet was jet plane explanation 80 for propulsion of an exlpanation plane — a pioneering project of a single-stage aerospace transport Jet Plane Explanation Verb vehicle implemented at the Research Institute No. This was the beginning of the history jet plane explanation 80 aerospace planes which can take off from conventional airfields, fly through the atmosphere, enter an orbit near the Earth, and return back to the ground.

The take-off weight of the aerospace plane was estimated to be — tons, and the payload jet plane explanation 80 expected to be 6—11 tons. Development of space rockets was one of the most impressive achievements of humankind in the XX century.

Modern aviation has not yet overcome the barrier of one eighth of this velocity. It is a project of a two-stage-to-orbit launcher. The works were performed in — in the Mikoyan Design Bureau The SPIRAL is a reusable two-stage-to-orbit aerospace vehicle with horizontal take-off and landing; it consists of a hypersonic turbojet airplane-carrier and an orbital manned craft with a rocket booster.

The start of the orbiter to a near-Earth orbit should occur Jet Plane Explanation Examples at an altitude of 24—30 km and at a velocity six times the velocity of sound. The take-off weight of the entire system is tons, and the weight of the single-seated orbit craft is 10 tons. The take-off weight of the vehicle is 90— tons, and its length is 30—40 m The challenge of X was in-flight demonstration of achievements in scramjet development and in related technologies.

It was further jet plane explanation 80 to use these technologies for development of military and civil aircraft capable of long-time flights in the atmosphere with hypersonic velocities or single-stage-to-orbit aerospace launchers of payloads to near-Earth orbits. The X plane exolanation expected to have hybrid propulsion including jet plane explanation 80 turbojet engine, a dual-mode air-breathing ramjet or jet plane explanation 80, and a liquid-propellant rocket engine.

The flight time of the supersonic Concorde from New York to Paris was approximately three hours. Tu is a reusable scramjet-powered aerospace plane.

The technical proposal for the aerospace plane was prepared at the Tupolev Design Bureau now Tupolev Public-Stock Company in the mids. This single-stage-to-orbit spacecraft was designed for take-off from and landing on a conventional airfield, climbing with acceleration to a prescribed velocity and altitude, entering plne circular orbit, and autonomous orbital flight at an altitude of km up to 24 hours.

The take-off weight was planned jet plane explanation 80 be about tons, and the payload was 8—10 tons. The same yearthe project design activities were terminated.

Research and development activities on the creation of aerospace planes in general are currently underway at the Tupolev Company. It was developed on the basis of an SA-5 ground-to-air missile whose war-head was replaced by an engine module 0. After that, the X vehicle proper is separated, its scramjet is triggered for a time less than 10 sec, and the vehicle accomplishes a powered test flight.

After a horizontal test flight, jet plane explanation 80 vehicle is decelerated and enters a prescribed reentry zone, where the vehicle is rescued with the help of a parachute. The first successful flight tests of X were performed at the end of Marchwhen the vehicle reached a velocity seven jet plane explanation 80 higher than the velocity of sound. During the tests performed in Novemberthe velocity of X exceeded the velocity of sound tenfold.

The XXI-century prospects of creating a new generation of hypersonic aircraft flying with velocities 5 to 15 times higher than the velocity of sound and aerospace planes taking off from conventional airfields, entering an orbit near the Earth, and returning back to the ground have been already outlined.

The creation of such planes requires development of new technologies fundamentally different from those jdt in the currently existing modern aircraft and vertically launched rocket-space systems.

This propulsion can effectively operate on a rocket propellant: liquid hydrogen, which ensures the maximum plsne capacity released due to fuel combustion. The natural resources of hydrogen are almost inexhaustible; it can be produced both from hydrocarbon minerals and from water.

Hydrogen is an eco-friendly fuel because its combustion yields ordinary water. For the first time in the worldwide practice of experimental research of scramjets aeropropulsive force was obtained in a model engine developed at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences ITAM ; under the action of this excess thrust, the model moved forward, i.

Scientific and engineering research performed at the present time give a global idea of future hypersonic and aerospace planes. First of all, the aerodynamic shapes of hypersonic planes will substantially differ from those used for rockets and spacecraft, as well as from modern subsonic and supersonic aircraft. Configurations of hypersonic air-breathing vehicles will be integrated: the wing and the Jet Plane Explanation Sheet fuselage will be united into a single lifting body; the inlet palne the jet plane explanation 80 of the engine will be combined, respectively, with the forebody and rearbody of this fuselage.

Such configurations have not yet been adequately studied, but it is already clear that they will ensure high aerodynamic performance and improve the flight capabilities of vehicles at superhigh velocities.

Poane, the creation of hypersonic and aerospace planes for military and especially civil applications is a matter of the far future. Nevertheless, jet plane explanation 80 winged missiles and experimental scramjet-powered vehicles will be in the air jet plane explanation 80 the next 10—15 years.

This challenge requires research and engineering tests. High technologies developed for hypersonic and aerospace planes can explanatoon numerous applications in the national economy and industries other than aviation.

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A jet aircraft (or simply jet) is an aircraft (nearly always a fixed-wing aircraft) propelled by jet engines. Whereas the engines in propeller-powered aircraft generally achieve their maximum efficiency at much lower speeds and altitudes, jet engines achieve maximum efficiency at speeds close to or even well above the speed of sound. Solved: A jet plane lands with a velocity of , m/s, and can accelerate at a maximum rate of , m/s^2 as it comes to rest. Can this plane. There are a total of [ ] Aircraft from to entries in the Military Factory. Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). Flag images indicative of .

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