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Before you plan your next backcountry trip, consider purchasing a good quality compass and a local map to add to your pack. If you choose not to add these life-saving tools to your kit, it could be a better idea to just stay home and play some Monopoly.
Dibs on the race car piece. Daniil Silantev We consider a compass and map to be two parts of the same tool. Travel arrow: Non-moving arrow in the compass baseplate. Azimuth ring: Rotating bezel with degrees markings. Magnetized needle: Colored needle that points towards magnetic north. Orienting lines: Set of parallel lines that rotate with the bezel, use these to line up with north-south lines on a map. Orientating arrow: Orients the bezel and compass baseplate to determine where true north lies in relation to magnetic north.
How to Navigate with a Map and Compass Hendrik Morkel Now to use our tools to find a way home: Prime your compass by adjusting the declination. Since magnetic and true north are not the same and magnetic north changes over time, a compass needs to be adjusted dependent on the location of use.
Depending on the compass, there are various ways to adjust for declination. Take out your map then line up the straight edge of your compass along the left or right side of the map , ensuring that the direction of travel arrow on the compass is pointing toward the top of the map. Rotate the azimuth ring so that N north is lined up with the direction of travel arrow.
Hold your compass and map flat in front of you and rotate your body to align the magnetic needle with the outline of the orienting arrow. In this position, the individual is now facing true north and can start to survey the landscape to deduce where exactly they are — think of high peaks, water features, elevation profiles, or anything that can be considered a landmark. Once oriented, a plan can be made. Those can be used to get the alignment just right.
Then, simply draw a line along the edge of the compass, starting from the landmark and going backwards, in the opposite direction to the orienting arrow located at the top of the compass. This line represents you and where you are currently facing.
Pick another landmark that you can both see from where you are and identify on the map. For better accuracy, choose a landmark that's at least 20 degrees away from the previous one.
The intersection between the two lines you've drawn corresponds to your position on the map roughly. The three lines will form a small triangle and your position will be somewhere within its borders. In this scenario, we'll first use GPS coordinates to pinpoint our destination on a topographic map. Then, based on our current location, we'll find out what bearing we need to follow to get there. Using the coordinates, find the location of your destination on the map.
If you're not sure how, check out this video tutorial. Note: all maps do not include latitude and longitude - you'll need one that does to complete this scenario.
Place the compass on the map and line up its edge so that it connects your location to the point you identified in step 2 if you don't know where you are, complete scenario B first. The orienting arrow should always point away from where you are and towards your destination. The orienting arrow is located at the top of your baseplate compass; it indicates the way you have to follow.
Rotate the bezel of the compass until North and South on the compass line up with North and South on the map. Use the "orienting lines" perpendicular lines on the background of the bezel for more precision. Read the degree marking indicated at the top of the compass, right under the index line. That's the bearing you need to follow to get to your destination if you're not sure how to follow a bearing, review scenario A.
There are several different types of compasses available to consumers. Though each type has its pros and cons, we will focus exclusively on how to use a baseplate compass in this post. Because it is used for orienteering, a baseplate compass is designed to be used with a map. It has a clear rectangular, plastic base that lets you see the features of the map while using the compass.
It also has a ruler to measure map distances and a magnifying glass for reading the small print and topographical features. Some compasses even have luminous components for night-time use. Baseplate compasses excel at finding your location and calculating a bearing using a map. Also known as a military compass, the lensatic compass is one of the most accurate compasses you can use for walking has three basic parts - a cover, a base and a reading lens.
The cover protects the compass and has a sighting wire to help you sight an object in the distance, while the base has the dial and the magnetic compass components. The base also has a thumb loop to help steady the compass while you are holding it. You look through the reading lens when lining up an object with the sight line.
A lensatic compass is designed for walking according to a bearing and is less useful when working with a map because it doesn't have a straight edge. Pocket compasses have been around for ages.
They are a small, round compass with a flip-style cover over the dial. As its name implies, this type of compass is small enough to fit in your pocket. Pocket compasses often are cheaply made, so they don't perform as well as the baseplate or lensatic compass.
Though they work ok for following a bearing, the pocket compass is not very helpful when reading a map. Button compasses are probably the most common compass you will see because they are attached to everything. They are small and extremely cheap. You'll see them attached to keychains, weaved into paracord bracelets, and tacked on to mass-produced survival tools. Buttons compasses are not accurate, break easily and are easy to lose.
They should be used only as a toy or a novelty item and not as a land navigation tool. Types of compasses from left to right : baseplate, lensatic, pocket and button. Adjustable Declination: Adjustable declination allows you to quickly and easily change the declination on the compass. If you stay in one are, then you don't need this feature.
If you travel, being able to change the declination in each location is a huge bonus. Magnifying Glass: A magnifying glass allows you to view the smaller elements on a topo map. You may not need a magnifying glass to spot a lake, but it is helpful to read elevation, contour lines, bogs, and other small elements on a map.
Glow in the dark: Luminous elements are found on the dial and sometimes the sight line. This feature sounds frivolous until you find yourself needing to consult your map and compass at night. Thumb loop: Found on a lensatic compass, a thumb loop is used to steady the compass so you can get the most accurate reading possible.
Brunton Truarc 3. Silva Starter By Kelly Hodgkins: Kelly is a full-time backpacking guru. She can be found on New Hampshire and Maine trails, leading group backpacking trips, trail running or alpine skiing. About Greenbelly: After thru-hiking the Appalachian Trail, Chris Cage created Greenbelly to provide fast, filling and balanced meals to backpackers. Chris also wrote How to Hike the Appalachian Trail.
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