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1600-woodworking-plans-pdf-code Doors shall be designed to minimize air leakage and shall be self-closing or shall be automatic-closing by actuation of a smoke detector within three meters 3 m of the vestibule door. Although our writing service is one 1600 woodworking plans pdf code the cheapest you can find, we have been in the business long enough to learn how to maintain a balance between 1600 woodworking plans pdf code, wages, and profit. Water supply piping may be taken from the sprinkler system, provided that in so doing an adequate supply pdff water will be available for the spray nozzles and the water pressure at the sprinkler farthest from the supply riser is not reduced beyond the required minimum. There is no gap where plagiarism could squeeze in. It shall be constructed of noncombustible materials and shall be supported by construction having at least a woodorking 2 -hour fire planz rating. Castings greater than eleven and three tenths kilograms

ISBN X. Forestry Commission Hart, C []. Practical Forestry for the Agent and Surveyor. Sutton Publishing.

Hibberd, B. Forestry Practice 11th ed. James, N. The Forester's Companion 2nd ed. Oxford: Basil Blackwood. Nix; Hill; Williams; Bough []. Land and Estate Management 3rd ed. Packard Publishing. Smout, T. A History of the Native Woodlands of Scotland — Edinburgh University Press. Sterry, P. New Holland Publishers.

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Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Sequoia sempervirens. Tilia x vulgaris. Pseudotsuga menziesii. Ulmus procera. Sequoiadendron giganteum. Populus x canescens. Aesculus hippocastanum. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. Populus nigra var.

Platanus x hispanica. Cupressus macrocarpa. Populus x robusta. Populus x serotina. Ulmus carpinifolia. Nothofagus antarctica. Sorbus intermedia. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Forestry in the United Kingdom. Fixed wired glass panels in steel sash may be installed in such a separation in building provided with automatic fire suppression system. WidthThe width of an exit passageway shall be adequate to accommodate the aggregate capacity of all exits discharging through it.

FloorThe floor shall be solid and without perforations. Fire escape shall provide a continuous unobstructed safe path of travel to the ground or other safe area of refuge to which they lead.

Where the fire escape is not continuous, as in cases where stairs lead to an adjoining roof, which must be clearly indicated, and suitable walkways with handrails shall be provided where necessary. Where a single means of egress consists of a combination of inside stairs and fire escape stairs, each shall comply with the applicable provision of this Chapter, and the two shall be so arranged and connected as to provide a continuous safe path of travel.

The following types of fire escape stairs are recognized by this Chapter:i. Return platform types with superimposed runs; or ii. Straight run type, with platforms continuing in the same direction. Either of these may be parallel to or at right angle to the building. They may be attached to buildings or erected independently of them and connected bridges. Stairs DetailsFire escape stairs, depending upon the requirement of Division 8 through 17 of this Chapter, shall be in accordance with the following table and subsequent paragraphs.

Arrangement and Protection of OpeningsFire escape stairs shall be so arranged that they will be exposed by the smallest possible or window and door openings. There shall be no transom over doors. Every opening, any portion of which is in the limits specified below, shall be completely protected by approved fire doors or metal-frame wired glass windows in the same manner as provided for outside stairs and outside ramps.

Access to fire escape stairs shall be provided in accordance with the table in para "A" 3 of this Section and the general provisions of paragraph "K" Section Where access is by way of double windows, such windows shall be so counterbalanced and maintained that they can be readily opened with a minimum of physical effort. Insert screens, if any, on any type of opening giving access to fire, an escape stair shall be of types that may be readily opened or pushed out.

No storm sash shall be used on any window providing to fire escape stairs. Fire escape stairs shall extend to the roof in all cases where the roof is subject to occupancy or is constructed and arranged to provide an area of refuge from fire. In all cases where stairs do not extend to the roof, access thereto shall be provided by a ladder in accordance with pertinent provision of Section Balconies, to which access is secured through windows with sills above the inside floor level, shall be not more than forty six centimeters 46 cm below the sill.

In no case shall be balcony level be above the sill. Materials and Strengtha. Iron, steel, or reinforced or concrete or other approved noncombustible material shall be used for the construction of fire stairs, balconies, railings, and other features appurtenant thereto. Balconies and stairs shall be designed to carry a load of four hundred eighty eight kilos per square meter or a concentrated load of one hundred thirty six kilos so located as to produce maximum stress conditions.

Except where embedded in masonry or concrete or where a suitable fire resistive and waterproof covering is provided no structural metal member shall be employed the entire surface of which is not capable of being inspected and painted. All supporting members for balconies and stairs, which are in tension and ate fastened directly to the building, shall pass through the wall and be securely fastened on the opposite side or they shall be securely fastened to the framework of the building.

Where metal members pass through walls, they shall be protected effectively against corrosion. Holes in the wall through which metal member pass shall be effectively fire-stopped to preserve the fire resistive quality of the wall.

Balcony and stair enclosure and railings shall be designed to withstand a horizontal force of seventy five 75 kilos per meter of railing or enclosure without serious deflection, and support at walls for such railings or enclosures shall be in the manner specified in 6 b for tension members, except as provided in para "A" 6 f of this Section. Guards and Handrailsa. All fire escape shall have walls or guards on both sides, in accordance with para "H" of Section All fire escape shall have handrails on both sides, not less than seventy six centimeters 76 cm not more than one hundred seven centimeters cm high, measured vertically from a point on the stair tread twenty five millimeters 25mm back from the leading edge, all in general conformity to the requirements for stair handrails, para "H" of Section Handrails and guards shall be so constructed as to withstand a force of ninety one kilograms 91 kg applied downward or horizontally at any point.

Swinging Section of Fire Escape Stairsa. Swinging stair sections shall not be used for fire escape stairs except where termination over sidewalks, alleys or driveways makes it impracticable to build stairs permanently to the ground. Where used, swinging stairs shall comply with all provisions of this subsection.

Swinging section of stairs shall not be located over doors, over the path of travel from any other exit, or in any location where there are or likely to be obstruction. Width of swinging section of stairs shall be at least equal to that of the stairs above. Railings shall be provided similar in height and construction to those required for the stairs above. Railings shall be designed to prevent any possibility of injury to persons at head or stairs or on balconies when stairs swing downward.

Minimum clearance between moving sections where hands might be caught shall be ten centimeters 10 cm. If distance from lowest platform to ground exceed three and twothirds meters 3. Counterweight shall be provided for swinging stairs and this shall be of type balancing about a pivot, no cables being used. Counterweight shall be securely bolted in place, but sliding ball weights or their equivalent may be used to hold stairs up and help lower them. Counterbalancing shall be such that a person weighing sixty eight kilos 68 kg , who makes one step from the pivot, will not start swinging the section downward, but when he is one quarter of the length of the swinging stairs from the pivot, the section will swing down.

Pivot for swinging stairs shall either have a bronze bushing or have sufficient to prevent sucking on account on corrosion. No latch to lock swinging stairs section in up position shall be installed.

Fire Escape Ladders ApplicationNo form of ladder shall be used as a fire escape under the provisions of this Chapter, except that ladders conforming to the following specifications may be used to provide access to unoccupied roof spaces to provide a means of escape from boiler rooms, grain elevators and towers as permitted by Division 16 and 17 of this Chapter, elevated platforms around machinery or similar spaces subject to occupancy by not more than three able-bodied adults and in single and two family dwellings and residential apartments of not more than three 3 storey provided that the height shall not exceed nine meters 9 m.

For purposes of this subsection, mezzanine floors shall be counted as ordinary floor. All ladders shall be permanently installed in fixed position, supported by rigid connection to the building or structure at intervals not exceeding three meters 3 m. Where ladders provide access to roofs or elevated platforms, rails shall extend not less than one hundred fourteen centimeters cm above roofline or platform floor or above coping or parapet, Extension of side rails to roof shall be carried over coping or parapet to afford hand hold.

Ladders shall be arranged parallel to buildings or structures with travel either between ladder and buildings, in which case minimum clearance center of rungs and buildings shall be sixty eight centimeters 68 cm , or outside of ladder, in which case minimum clearance between center of rungs and buildings shall be sixteen centimeters 16 cm.

Ladders shall be vertical or positively inclined. No negatively inclined ladders i. Ladders shall be constructed of iron, of steel or of other metal in design having equivalent strength and resistance to corrosion. Rails of iron or steel ladders shall not less than one and one-fourth centimeters 1. Rungs shall not less than twenty two millimeters 22 mm diameter and shall be riveted or welded in position not less than twenty five centimeters 25 cm nor more than thirty and one-half centimeters The lowest rung of any ladder shall be not more than thirty and one half centimeters Where maintenance of illumination depends upon charging from one energy source to another, there shall be no appreciable interruption of illumination during the changeover.

Where emergency lighting is provided by a prime mover-operated electric generator, a delay of not more than ten 10 seconds shall be permitted.

Electric battery-operated emergency lights shall use only reliable types of storage batteries, provided with suitable facilities for maintenance in properly charged condition. Dry batteries shall not be used to satisfy these requirements.

Electric storage batteries used in such lights or units shall be approved for their intended use and shall comply with Philippine National Standard PNS or other internationally accepted standards.

An emergency lighting system shall be so arranged as to provide the required illumination automatically in the event of any interruption of normal lighting, such as any failure of public utility or other outside electrical power supply, opening of a circuit breaker or fuse, or any manual act, including accidental opening of a switch controlling normal lighting facilities. An emergency lighting system shall either be continuously in operation or shall be capable of repeated automatic operation without intervention.

All emergency lighting systems installed in accordance with this section shall be properly maintained. Signs 2. Every required sign designating an exit or way of exit access shall be so located and of such size, color, and design as to be readily visible. No decorations, furnishing, or equipment which impair visibility of an exit sign shall be permitted, nor shall there be any brightly illuminated sign for other than exit purposes , display, or object in or near the line of vision to the required exit sign of such a character as to distract attention from the exit sign.

Internally illuminated signs shall be provided in all occupancies where reduction of normal illumination is permitted, such as in motion picture theaters. Luminous directional signs shall comply with para "C" hereof. Size of SignsEvery exit shall have the word "EXIT" in plainly legible letters not less than fifteen centimeters 15 cm high with the principal strokes of letters not less than nineteen millimeters 19 mm wide, except that in existing building externally illuminated exit signs therein having the word "EXIT" in plainly visible letters not less than eleven and one half centimeters Other signages required by this rule shall be of the same dimension unless otherwise provided.

This shall be drawn with a photoluminiscent background to be readable in case of power failure. Where the building or facility includes additions or connected structures of different construction types, the rating and classification of the structure shall be as follows Two-hour 2-hr fire resistance rating or greater, if vertically-aligned fire barrier wall exists between the portions of the building, and 2.

The least fire-resistive type of construction of the connected portions, if no such separation is provided. General 1. Every stairway, elevator shaft, light and ventilation shaft, chute and other opening between storeys shall be enclosed or protected to prevent the spread of fire or smoke, except openings of building protected by automatic fire suppression system as permitted by other Section of this Rule. In any building with low or ordinary hazard occupancy protected with approved, supervised sprinkler system, up to three 3 communicating floor levels are permitted without enclosure protection between floors, provided all the following conditions are met:a.

The arrangement is permitted by the applicable occupancy section of this Chapter; b. The lowest or next to the lowest level is a street floor;c. The entire area, including all communicating floor levels, is sufficiently open and unobstructed so that it may be assumed that a fire or other dangerous condition in any part will be immediately obvious to the occupants of all communicating levels and areas;d.

Exit capacity is sufficient to provide simultaneously for all occupants of all communicating levels and areas, all communicating levels in the same fire area being considered as a single floor area for purposes of determination of required exit capacity;e.

Each floor level, considered separately, has at least one-half of its individual required exit capacity provided by an exit or exits leading directly out of that area without traversing another communicating floor level or being exposed to the spread of fire or smoke therefrom; andf.

All requirements of this Chapter with respect to interior finish, protection of hazards, construction and other features are fully observed, without waivers, except openings in floors of educational, healthcare, and detention and correctional occupancies shall be enclosed as required in Divisions 9, 10 and 11 of this Chapter, respectively.

Each floor opening, as specified in paragraph A 1 of this Section shall be enclosed by substantial walls having fire resistance not less than that required for stairways, paragraph A 4 hereof, with approved fire doors at windows provided in openings therein, all so designed and installed as to provide complete barrier to the spread of fire or smoke through such openings.

The enclosing walls of floor openings serving stairways or ramps shall be so arranged as to provide a continuous path of escape including landings and passageways, in accordance with Section Such walls shall have fire resistance rating as follows:a. New buildings four storeys or more in height -two 2 hours fire resistance rating. New buildings below four storeys -One 1 hour fire resistance rating. Special Provisions for Escalator OpeningsAny escalator shall have its floor opening enclosed or protected as required for other vertical openings, except in building completely protected by approved, supervised sprinkler system in accordance with Section Sprinkler Vent Method1.

Under the conditions specified in paragraph B 1 above, escalator openings may be protected by the "sprinkler-vent" method, consisting of a combination of an automatic or smoke detection system, automatic exhaust system and an automatic water curtain meeting the design and other requirements as specified in this succeeding sections. The exhaust system shall be of such capacity as to create a downdraft through the escalator floor opening.

The downdraft has an average velocity of not less than ninety one and half meters per minute Operation of the exhaust system for any floor opening shall be initiated by an approved device in the storey involved and shall be any one of the following means in addition to a manual means of opening and testing the system. Thermostats -fixed temperature, rate-of-rise, or a combination of both.

Water flow in the sprinkler system. Approved supervised smoke detection. Smoke detection devices, if used, shall be located that the presence of smoke is detected before it enters the stairway. Electric power supply to all parts of the exhaust system and its control devices shall be designed and installed for maximum reliability.

Any fan or duct used in connection with an automatic exhaust system shall be of the approved type mechanical and electrical codes and shall be installed and maintained in accordance with good engineering practice.

Periodic tests, not less frequently than quarterly, shall be made of the automatic exhaust system to maintain the system and the control devices in good working conditions.

The water curtain shall be formed by open sprinklers or spray nozzles so located and spaced as to form a complete and continuous barrier along all exposed sides of the floor opening and reaching from the ceiling to the floor. Water intensity for water curtain shall be not less than approximately thirty seven and one-fourth liters per minute The water curtain shall operate automatically from thermal responsive elements of fixed temperature type so placed with respect to the ceiling floor opening that the water curtain comes into action upon the advance of heat toward the escalator opening.

Every automatic exhaust system, including all motors, controls and automatic water curtain system shall be supervised in an approved manner, similar to that specified for automatic sprinkler system supervision.

Spray Nozzle Methods 1. Under the conditions specified in paragraph "B" 1 above, escalator openings may be protected by the nozzle method, consisting of a combination of an automatic fire or smoke detection system and a system of high velocity water spray nozzle meeting the following requirements:a. Spray nozzles shall be in the open type and shall have a solid conical spray pattern with discharged angles between forty-five 1600 Woodworking Plans Pdf Android 45 and ninety 90 degrees.

The number of nozzles, their discharge angles and their location shall be such that the escalator opening between the top of the wellway housing and the treadway will be completely filled with the dense spray on operation of the system. The number and size of nozzles and water supply shall be sufficient to deliver a discharge of one and four-tenths 1. Spray nozzles shall be so located as to effectively utilize the full advantage of the cooling and counterdraft effect.

They shall be so positioned that the center line of spray discharge is as closely as possible in line with the slope of the escalator, not more than an angle of thirty 30 degrees with the top slope of the wellway housing.

Nozzles shall be positioned, also so that the center line of discharge is an angle of not more than an angle of thirty 30 degrees with the top slope of the wellway housing. Spray nozzles shall discharge at a minimum pressure of KPa. Water supply piping may be taken from the sprinkler system, provided that in so doing an adequate supply of water will be available for the spray nozzles and the water pressure at the sprinkler farthest from the supply riser is not reduced beyond the required minimum.

Control valves shall be readily accessible to minimize water damage. A noncombustible draft curtain shall be provided extending at least fifty one 51 centimeters below and around the opening and a solid non-combustible wellway housing at least one and a half 1.

When necessary, spray nozzles shall be protected against mechanical injury or tampering that might interfere with proper discharge. The spray nozzle system shall operate automatically from thermal response elements of the fixed temperature type, so placed with respect to the ceiling floor opening that the spray nozzle system comes into action upon the advance of heat towards the escalator opening.

Supervised smoke detector located in or near the escalator opening may be used to sound an alarm. The spray nozzle systems shall also be provided with manual means of operation. Control valves for the spray nozzle system and approved smoke detection or thermostatic devices shall be supervised in accordance with applicable provisions of Section Partial Enclosure Method1. Under the conditions specified in paragraph B of Section Partial enclosure shall be of construction providing fire resistance equivalent to that specified for stairway enclosures in the same building, with openings therein protected by approved self-closing fire doors or may be of approved wired glass and metal frame construction with wired-glass panel doors.

Such doors may be equipped with electric opening mechanism to open the door automatically upon the approach of a person. However, the mechanism shall be such as to return the door to its closed position upon any interruption of electric current supply, and the adjustment shall be such that the pressure of smoke will not cause opening of the door.

Firestopping Concealed Spaces 1. In new construction, any concealed space, in which materials having a flame-spread rating greater than Class A as defined in Section Every exterior and interior wall and partition shall be firestopped at each level, at the top storey ceiling level, and at the level of support for roofs. Every unoccupied attic space shall be subdivided by firestops into areas not to exceed two hundred eighty square meters.

Any concealed space between the ceiling and the floor or roof above shall be firestopped for the full depth of the space along the line of support of the floor or roof structural members and, if necessary at other locations to form areas not to exceed ninety three square meters 93 m 2 for any space between the ceiling and floor and two hundred eighty square meters m 2 for any space between the ceiling and the roof.

In existing buildings the required flame spread classification of interior surfaces may be secured by applying a proven fire retardant paints or solutions to existing interior surfaces having a higher flame spread rating than permitted. Fire retardant paints or solution shall be renewed at such intervals as necessary to maintain the necessary fire retardant properties. Automatic SprinklersWhere approved, supervised automatic sprinklers is installed, interior finish with flame spread rating not over Class C may be used in any location where Class B is normally specified, and with rating of Class B in any location where Class A is normally specified, unless specifically prohibited in this IRR.

Use of Interior Finishes1. Interior finish material shall be used in accordance with requirements for individual classes of occupancy specified elsewhere in the Rule. Wherever the use of any class of interior finish is specified, the use of a class of lower flame spread rating shall be permitted; e. In all new buildings other than private residences Class A or Class C interior shall be used in all basements or other underground spaces from which there is no direct exit to the outside of the building, if subject to occupancy for any purpose other than storage or service facilities.

To ensure operational integrity, the fire alarm system shall have an approved maintenance and testing program which shall be developed by the building management in accordance with internationally accepted standards. Records of conducted maintenance and testing should be maintained and submitted together with FALAR 3 when required by the Chief, BFP or his duly authorized representative. Signal Initiation 1. As provided in Divisions 8 through 17 of this Chapter, activation of the complete fire alarm system shall be initiated by, but not be limited to, any or all of the following means of initiation;a.

Manual initiation. Automatic detection. Extinguishing system operation. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be used only for fire protective signaling purposes. A manual fire alarm box shall be provided in the natural path of escape from fire near each exit from an area and shall be readily accessible, unobstructed and at visible points. Additional fire alarm boxes shall be so located that from any part of the building not more than thirty meters 30 m horizontal distance on the same floor must be traversed in order to reach a fire alarm box.

For fire alarm systems using automatic fire detection or waterflow detection devices, at least one manual fire alarm box shall be provided to initiate a fire alarm signal. Where a sprinkler system provides automatic detection and alarm initiation it shall be provided with an alarm initiation device which will operate when the flow of water is equal to or greater than that from a single automatic sprinkler.

Where a complete smoke detection system is required by another section of this Code, automatic detection of smoke shall be provided in all occupiable areas, common areas, and work spaces in those environments suitable for proper smoke detector operation. Smoke AlarmsWhere required by Division 8 through 17 of this Chapter, single-station smoke alarms and multiple station smoke alarms shall be in accordance with NFPA The functions specified in para 2 above shall be permitted to be activated by any fire alarm and control system where otherwise not required by this code.

Additionally, such a fire alarm and control system shall be permitted to recall elevators, if the activation of the system for this purpose comes only from elevator lobby, hoistway, or associated machine room detectors. Annunciation 1. Where alarm annunciation is required by another section of this IRR, it shall comply with the requirements of the para 2 through para 7 below.

Alarm annunciation at the control center shall be by means of audible and visible indicators. For the purposes of alarm annunciation, each floor of the building, other than floors of existing buildings, shall be considered as not less than one zone, unless otherwise permitted by another section of this code.

Unless otherwise permitted by another Section of this Code, if a floor area exceeds one thousand eight hundred sixty square meters m 2 , additional zoning shall be provided, and the length of any single zone shall not exceed ninety one meters 91 m in any direction. Exception: where the building is provided with automatic sprinklers throughout, installed in accordance with Section A system trouble signal shall be annunciated at the control center by means of audible and visible indicators.

A system supervisory signal shall be annunciated at the control center by means of audible and visible indicators. Where the system serves more than one building, each building shall be considered separately. Where a required automatic sprinkler system is out of service for more than 4 hours in a hour period, the owner shall notify the nearest fire station immediately upon discovery but not later than 24 hours and a fire watch shall be assigned until the sprinkler system has been returned to service.

Supervision Supervisory SignalsWhere supervised automatic sprinkler systems are required by another Section of this Code, supervisory attachments shall be installed and monitored for integrity in accordance with NFPA 72, a distinctive supervisory signal shall be provided to indicate a condition that would impair the satisfactory operation of the sprinkler system. Monitoring shall include, but shall not be limited to, monitoring of control valves, fire pump power supplies and running conditions, water tank levels and temperatures, tank pressure, and air pressure on dry-pipe valves.

Supervisory signals shall sound and shall be displayed either at a location within the protected building that is constantly attended by qualified personnel or at an approved, remotely located receiving facility.

Alarm Signal TransmissionWhere supervision of automatic sprinkler systems is required, waterflow alarms shall be transmitted to an approved, proprietary alarm receiving facility, a remote station, a central station, or the fire station. Other Automatic Extinguishing Equipment1. If the extinguishing system is installed in lieu of a required, supervised automatic sprinkler system, the activation of the extinguishing system shall activate the building fire alarm system, where provided.

The activation of an extinguishing system that is not installed in lieu of a required, supervised automatic sprinkler system shall be indicated at the building fire alarm system, where provided. On each side of the wall adjacent to the exit openings of horizontal exits;iii. In each exit passageway at the entrance from the building areas into the passageway; iv. In covered mall buildings, at the entrance to each exit passageway or exit corridor, and at exterior public entrances to the mall;v.

At the highest landing of stairways with stairway access to a roof and on the roof where stairways do not access the roof. Where the most remote portion of a nonsprinklered floor or storey is located in excess of 40 meters of travel distance from a required exit containing or adjacent to a hose connection, or the most remote portion of a sprinklered floor or storey is located in excess of 61 meters of travel distance from a required exit containing or adjacent to a hose connection, additional hose connections shall be provided, in approved locations, where required by the BFP.

Class III System. Dry Standpipes 1. Dry standpipes shall be used for Class I system. All buildings with required enclosed stairway or smokeproof enclosure shall have at least one dry standpipe outlet connection located at every floor level landing above the first floor of every required enclosure.

No point within a building, requiring dry standpipes, shall be more than forty meters 40 m travel distance from a dry standpoint outlet connection. Dry standpipes shall not be concealed in building walls or built into pilasters. Portions of dry standpipes systems not located within an enclosed stairway or smokeproof enclosure shall be protected by a degree of fire resistance equal to that required for vertical enclosures in the building in which they are located.

Detailed Requirementsa. All dry standpipes shall be tested hydrostatically to withstand not less than 50 psi 3. Where pipe traps occur in such standpipes systems including fire service connections, they shall be provided with drains.

Pipings shall not pass through hazardous areas and shall be located so that it is protected from mechanical and fire damage. The size of the standpipe shall have a diameter of at least mm 4 in. Fire Service Connections. Fire service connections shall be in the street side of the buildings, fully visible and recognizable from the street or nearest point of fire apparatus accessibility.

And shall be located and arranged so that hose lines can be attached to the inlets without interference from nearby objects, including buildings, fences, posts, or other fire service connections. All one hundred two millimeters mm dry standpipes shall be equipped with a four-way fire service connection. All fire service connections shall be located on a street front, not less than forty six centimeters 46cm or more than one hundred twenty two centimeters cm above grade and shall be equipped with an approved straight way check valve and substantial plugs or caps.

All fire service connections shall be protected against mechanical injury and shall be visible and accessible.

More than on fire service connection may be required. Connections other than for fire service use shall be provided with an approved indicating-type valve and check valve located close to the supply such as tanks, pumps, and connections from waterworks system. Valves shall be provided to allow isolation of a standpipe without interrupting the supply to other standpipes from the same source of supply.

Each standpipe shall be equipped with an approved sixty four millimeters 64 mm outlet not less than sixty one centimeters 61 cm nor more than one hundred twenty two centimeters cm above the floor of each storey. All dry standpipe shall be equipped with a two way sixty four millimeters 64 mm outlet above the roof line of the building when the roof has a slope of less than thirty centimeters 30 cm long wrench may be used in connecting the hose with clearance for the wrench on all sides of the outlet.

Standpipes located in smokeproof enclosures shall have outlets located in the vestibule or on the balcony. Standpipes outlets in stairway enclosures or smoke towers shall be so located that the exit doors do not interfere with the use of the outlet. All outlets shall be equipped with an approved valve cap and chains. A sign indicating the pressure required at the inlets to deliver the system demand shall also be provided.

Wet Standpipes1. Wet standpipe system extending from the cellar or basement into the topmost storey shall be required in the following:a. Assembly occupancies with an occupant load exceeding one thousand 1, ; b.

Educational, healthcare and detention and correctional, business and mercantile, industrial, and hotels and apartments occupancies, four or more storeys in height, and c. Hazardous storage and business and mercantile occupancies having a floor area exceeding one thousand eight hundred sixty square meters 1, m 2 per floor.

However, the preceding provision does not apply to:a. Buildings equipped throughout with an approved, supervised sprinkler system. Basement or cellars equipped with approved, supervised sprinkler system.

Wet standpipes shall be located so that all portions of the buildings are within six meters 6m of a nozzle attached to twenty two meters 22 m of hose. In theaters, auditoriums and other assembly occupancies where the occupant load is more than one thousand 1, , outlets shall be located on each side of any stage, on each side of the rear of the auditorium and on each side of the balcony.

Wet standpipes shall be installed and tested as required for the water distribution system within the building. All interior wet standpipes shall be equipped with thirty eight millimeters 38 mm valve in each storey, including the basement or cell roof of the building and located not less than ninety one centimeters 91cm nor more than one hundred eighty two centimeters cm above the floor.

Water Supply. When more than one interior wet standpipe is required in the building, such standpipes may be connected at their bases or highest points by pipes of equal size. Where combination standpipes are installed, the thirty eight millimeters 38 mm outlet system may be supplied from the combination system with a fifty one millimeters 51 mm connecting line.

Pressure and Gravity Tanks. Pressure or gravity tanks shall have a capacity sufficient to furnish at least two hundred sixty five liters of water per minutes for thirty 30 minutes. Other such tanks shall be located so as to provide not less than one and eight-tenths 1.

Discharge pipes from pressure tanks shall extend five 5 centimeters from and into the bottom of such tanks. All tanks shall be equipped with a manhole, ladder and platform, drainpipe, water pressure gauges, and a pressure relief valve. Each pressure tanks shall be tested in place after installation and proved tight at a hydrostatic pressure required, but not less than ten 10 kilogram per square centimeters.

Where such tanks are used also for domestic purposes, the supply take off for such purposes shall be located above the required capacity of such tanks. Supply tanks shall be supported on non-combustible construction with not less than ninety one 91 centimeters clearances over the top and under the bottom of an adjacent construction. Approved pressure gauges shall be provided at pressure tanks and t the fire pump. Fire Pumps. Fire pumps shall be approved and shall deliver not less than the required fire flow and pressure.

Such pumps shall be supplied with adequate power source and shall be automatic in operation. Where the wet standpipe system is supplied with water from the domestic supply of building, approved fire pumps shall not be required provided the domestic pump used delivers the required fire flow.

Hose and Hose Reels. Each wet standpipe outlet shall be supplied with a hose not less than thirty eight millimeters 38 mm in diameter. Such hose shall be equipped with an approved variable for nozzle.

An approved hose reel rack or cabinet shall be provided and shall be located so as to make the hose accessible. The hose reel rack or cabinet shall be recessed in the wall or protected by suitable cabinet. Connection to Fire-Sprinkler System. Signs shall be provided. If automatic sprinklers are also supplied by the fire service connection, the sign or combination of signs shall indicate both designated services.

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